(翻译)Information Technology and Business Process Redesign信息技术(IT)与业务流程再造(BRP).doc
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1、第20章:Information Technology and Business Process Redesign信息技术(IT)与业务流程再造(BRP)学院:专业:工业工程姓名:学号:Information Technology and Business Process Redesign信息技术(IT)与业务流程再造(BRP)姓名学号Those aspiring to improve the way work is done must begin to apply the capabilities of information technology to redesign business
2、processes. Business process design and information technology are natural partners, yet industrial engineers have never fully exploited their relationship. The authors argue, in fact, that it has barely been exploited at all. But the organizations that have used IT to redesign boundary-crossing, cus
3、tomer-driven processes have benefited enormously. 那些有志于提高工作效率的组织,必须开始应用信息技术的能力,重新设计业务流程。业务流程再造和信息技术是天然的伙伴,但工业工程师从来没有充分地利用他们之间的关系。作者认为,它们实际上没有被深入应用。但使用了IT来重新设计生产、服务流程的组织获益良多。 At the turn of the century, Frederick Taylor revolutionized the workplace with his ideas on work organization, task decomposit
4、ion, and job measurement. Taylors basic aim was to increase organizational productivity by applying to human labor the same engineering principles that had proven so successful in solving the technical problems in the work environment. The same approaches that had transformed mechanical activity cou
5、ld also be used to structure jobs performed by people. Taylor came to symbolize the practical realizations in industry that we now call industrial engineering (IE), or the scientific school of management. In fact, though work design remains a contemporary IE concern, no subsequent concept or tool ha
6、s rivaled the power of Taylors mechanizing vision.20世纪初,Frederick Taylor(泰勒)革命性地开创了工作组织、任务分解和工作测量的方法。泰勒的基本目的是提高组织的生产力,该管理原则在解决工作环境中的技术问题中已被证明是成功的。这种改变机械活动的方法,也可用于由人履行的工作。泰勒是一种实用工业管理理论学派的代表,就是我们现在所说的工业工程 (IE),或科学管理学派 。事实上,工作的设计仍然是当代的IE一个关注点,在制造领域,后续的概念或工具没有一个能与泰勒理论相媲美。 As we enter the 1990s, however,
7、 two newer tools are transforming organizations to the degree that Taylorism once did. These are information technology - the capabilities offered by computers, software applications, and telecommunications - and business process redesign - the analysis and design of work flows and processes within
8、and between organizations. Working together, these tools have the potential to create a new type of industrial engineering , changing the way the discipline is practiced and the skills necessary to practice it. 然而,当我们进入20世纪90年代,两个新的工具正在以泰勒制的效果改变着组织。这两个就是由计算机、应用软件、远程通信提供的信息技术和业务流程再造组织内部或组织之间的工作流程和过程的
9、分析、设计。这些工具共同作用就有可能创造出一种新型工业工程模式 ,改变IE原则的实现方式以及IE技能。 IT in Business Process Redesign 信息科技在企业业务流程再造中的作用The importance of both information technology and business process redesign is well known to industrial engineers, albeit as largely separate tools for use in specific, limited environments. IT is us
10、ed in industrial engineering as an analysis and modeling tool, and IEs have often taken the lead in applying information technology to manufacturing environments. Well-known uses of IT in manufacturing include process modeling, production scheduling and control, materials management information syst
11、ems, and logistics. In most cases where IT has been used to redesign work, the redesign has most likely been in the manufacturing function, and industrial engineers are the most likely individuals to have carried it out. 尽管工业工程师对信息技术和业务流程再造的重要性有很深入的了解,但它们通常被作为不同的工具在特定的、有限的范围内使用。在工业工程中 ,IT通常作为分析和建模工具
12、,并被工业工程师率先应用于制造领域。被广泛知道的IT应用领域是制造过程建模,生产调度和控制,物资管理信息系统和物流。在大多数情况下IT被用来重新设计工作,工业工程师是最有可能应用IT于制造功能重新设计之中的人。 IEs have begun to analyze work activities in non-manufacturing environments, but their penetration into offices has been far less than in factories. IT has certainly penetrated the office and se
13、rvices environments - in 1987 Business Week reported that almost 40 percent of all US capital spending went to information systems, some $97 billion a year - but IT has been used in most cases to hasten office work rather than to transform it. With few exceptions, ITs role in the redesign of non-man
14、ufacturing work has been disappointing; few firms have achieved major productivity gains. Aggregate productivity figures for the United States have shown no increase since 1973. 工业工程师已开始分析非制造业中的工作活动,但他们洞察办公室的程度远不如工厂。 IT已经进入办公和服务环境在1987年“商业周刊”中报道,几乎所有美国资本支出的40被用于信息系统,一年约97亿美元但它被用于加快办公室工作,而不是改造办公室工作。在
15、非制造业流程重组中IT的作用却令人失望,很少有公司已经取得关键生产率的提高,仅有少数例外。自1973年以来,美国的总生产率数字没有增加过。Given the growing dominance of service industries and office work in the Western economies, this type of work is as much in need of analysis and redesign as the manufacturing environments to which IT has already been applied. Many
16、firms have found that this analysis requires taking a broader view of both IT and business activity, and of the relationships between them. Information technology should be viewed as more than an automating or mechanizing force; it can fundamentally reshape the way business is done. Business activit
17、ies should be viewed as more than a collection of individual or even functional tasks; they should be broken down into processes that can be designed for maximum effectiveness, in both manufacturing and service environments. 鉴于服务行业和办公室工作在西方经济地位的上升,这种类型的工作应该尽可能多地像已经应用了IT的制造业一样被分析和重组。许多公司已经发现,这种分析需要从更
18、广阔的视野上看待IT和业务活动以及它们之间的关系。信息技术不仅仅是一种自动化或机械化的力量,它可以从根本上重塑经营方式。商业活动应被视为超过个别任务乃至功能的集合,在制造业和服务业,商业活动都应该应该被打破成成规,被设计成以获取最大效益为目的的流程。 Our research suggests that IT can be more than a useful tool in business process redesign. In leading edge practice, information technology and BPR have a recursive relations
19、hip. Each is the key to thinking about the other. Thinking about information technology should be in terms of how it supports new or redesigned business processes, rather than business functions or other organizational entities. And business processes and process improvements should be considered in
20、 terms of the capabilities information technology can provide. We refer to this broadened, recursive view of IT and BPR as the new industrial engineering. 我们的研究表明,IT可以超过一个有用的工具,在业务流程的再造。在前沿,实践、信息技术和BPR有一个递归关系。 每个思考另一个的关键。考虑信息技术应以它如何支持新的或重组的业务流程为依据,而不是依据业务功能或其他组织实体。应该依据信息技术的能力考虑业务流程和工艺改进。我们把这个扩大的、递归的
21、IT和BPR观念称为新的工业工程。 Taylor could focus on workplace rationalization and individual task efficiency because he confronted a largely stable business environment; todays corporations do not have the luxury of such stability. Individual tasks and jobs change faster than they can be redesigned. Today, resp
22、onsibility for an outcome is more often spread over a group, rather than assigned to an individual as in the past. Companies increasingly find it necessary to develop more flexible, team-oriented, coordinative, and communication-based work capability. In short, rather than maximizing the performance
23、 of particular individuals or business functions, companies must maximize interdependent activities within and across the entire organization. Such business processes are a new approach to coordination across the firm; information technologys promise - and perhaps its ultimate impact - is to be the
24、most powerful tool in the twentieth century for reducing the costs of this coordination. 泰勒可以把重点放在工作场所的合理化和个人任务的效率化,因为他面临的一个基本稳定的商业环境; “稳定”是现在的公司所没有的奢侈品。如今,个人的任务和工作快速变化使其难以被重组。后果的责任通常是被一组人承担而不是像过去一样可以分摊到每一个人。 越来越多的公司发现,有必要培养更加灵活的、面向团队的、协调的和以沟通为基础的工作能力。简而言之,企业必须对整个组织内或组织之间的相互依存的活动极为重视,而不是使特定的个人或部门的绩效
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