高考英语定语从句课件.ppt
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1、一一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型英语句子从结构上看有三种类型:1.简单句(简单句(Simple Sentence)2.并列句(并列句(Compound Sentence)3.复合句复合句(Complex Sentence)(1)简单句的五大基本句型:简单句的五大基本句型:主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语 主语主语 及物动词宾语及物动词宾语 主语不及物动词状语主语不及物动词状语 主语及物动词间宾直宾主语及物动词间宾直宾 主语及物动词宾语宾补主语及物动词宾语宾补 Her face turned red with anger.You can consider my suggestion.Thi
2、s kind of cloth sells well.He told me a secret.He found the work half done.(2)并列句:由两个或两个以上等立而又并列句:由两个或两个以上等立而又 相互独立的相互独立的简单句构成,两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。简单句构成,两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。其结构其结构是:是:简单句简单句+等立连词等立连词+简单句简单句(3)复合句:由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。)复合句:由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成份,不能独立。根据从句在从句只用作句子的一个成份,不能独立。根据从句在句中的作用,可分为句中的作用,
3、可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句句三类。三类。eg:He has studied English for only one year,but he can read and write now.Keep on and you will make progress.定语:定语:用于修饰名词或代词用于修饰名词或代词Please show me another ticket.Australia is an English-speaking country.A traveller is a person whothat travels.A clock is a mach
4、ine that tells people time.是一个成份,由一个句子充当某个成份是一个成份,由一个句子充当某个成份 从句从句:三三.定语从句定语从句:由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语从句的位置:从句的位置:在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先行词先行词:被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词引导词引导词:引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 引导词的作用:引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置引引 导导 词词关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词在在定语从句中作定
5、语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语宾语宾语宾语或主语宾语或主语定语定语时间时间地点地点原因原因状语状语状语状语状语状语在在从从句中句中作宾作宾语可语可省去省去 先行词为先行词为whothatwhomwhichwhose人人物物/人人人人物物某人某人/某物的某物的WhenWherewhy 作用作用例句例句作主语作主语We visited the factory which that makes toys for children.Most managers who that are present at the meeting agreed to the plan.作作宾语宾语T
6、he student whomthatwho you want to see has come.The letter which that I received yesterday was from my father.作作定语定语The girl whose mother is a teacher works very hard.The room whose windows were broken was mine.作状语作状语In 1998,he returned to the small town where he grew up.I still remember the day whe
7、n I met him for the first time.The reason why he missed the speech was that he didnt catch the bus.关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词如何区别?关系代词和关系副词如何区别?1.The reason _he missed the speech was that he forgot the time.2.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.3.Ill never forget the day _we spent togeth
8、er in Paris.4.Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.5.This is the factory_we visited last year.6.This is the house _Lincoln once lived.RememberRemember:引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键关键要看他们要看他们在从句中作什么在从句中作什么成份成份而定。或者说,假如把先行词放到从句中而定。或者说,假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。whythatwh
9、ichthatwhichwhenthatwhichwhere7.(1)He still lives in the room _window faces to the south.(2)He still lives in the room _is in the north of the city.whosewhich8.(1)I will never forget the days _we studied together.(2)I will never forget the days _we spent together.whenthat 9.(1)The reason _he didnt c
10、ome was that he was ill.(2)The reason _he explained is not true.whythat10.(1)We will meet at the same place_we met last month.(2)We will meet at the same place _we visited last month.wherethat who,that(先行词为人)有区别吗?先行词为人)有区别吗?1.用用who不用不用that的情况:的情况:(1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。当
11、先行词为人称代词时。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise more.2.用用that不用不用who的情况的情况:(1)当先行词既是人又是物。当先行词既是人又是物。(2)当句子出现一个当句子出现一个who等。等。(3)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。He talked a lot about the things and persons that he had rem
12、embered there.Who is the man that spoke to you just now?Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.which,thatwhich,that(先行词为物)有区别吗?先行词为物)有区别吗?1.只用只用thatthat不用不用which which 的情况的情况:(1)先行词为先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等等不定代词不定代词 (2)先行词既是人又是物。)先行词既是人又是物。(3)先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词)先行词为形容词的
13、最高级或序数词。(4)先行词被)先行词被the very,the only,the last,any,every,who等修饰时等修饰时。All that can be done has been done.He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad.This is the very book that I am looking for.Who that has such a home doesnt love it?(5)关系代词在从句中作表语时)关系代词在从句中作表语时China is no longer the co
14、untry that it used to be.This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.只能用只能用which which 的情况的情况:2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)The machine,which I have looked after for many years,is still working perfectly.(2)She failed the exam,which made her parents vary angry.(3)He
15、 saw a film,which was about the Long March.(4)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.1.介词前置时关系代词只能用介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物先行词为物)Remember:whichRemember:which 在这两种情况下即使在句中作在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。宾语也不能省。介词介词+关系代词关系代词先行词为人先行词为人,关系代词用关系代词用 whom;先行词为物先行词为物,关系代词用关系代词用whic
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