2018年度考研英语一试题.与内容答案解析(编辑版.).doc
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1、2018 年考研英语一试题与答案解析年考研英语一试题与答案解析(完整版完整版) 跨考教育英语教研室Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, its a necessary condition _(1) many wort
2、hwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _(3). _(4), why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. _(5) people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that _(
3、6) pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _(7) with one another. Swiss Scientists have found that exposure _(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _(9): In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half
4、 the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _(10) who inhaled something else. _(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _(12) us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiat
5、e _(13) a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each _(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “Whats in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look _ (15). Half of them found a t
6、oy; the other half _ (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had _(17) them. Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _ (19), only five of the 30 children pa
7、ired with the “_(20)“tester participated in a follow-up activity. 1. Aon Blike Cfor Dfrom 2. Afaith Bconcern Cattention Dinterest 3. Abenefit Bdebt Chope Dprice 4. ATherefore BThen CInstead DAgain 5. AUntil BUnless CAlthough DWhen 6. Aselects Bproduces Capplies Dmaintains 7. Aconsult Bcompete Cconne
8、ct Dcompare 8. Aat Bby Cof Dto 9. Acontext Bmood Cperiod Dcircle 10. Acounterparts Bsubstitutes Ccolleagues Dsupporters 11. AFunny BLucky COdd DIronic 12. Amonitor Bprotect Csurprise Ddelight 13. Abetween Bwithin Ctoward Dover 14. Atransferred Badded Cintroduced Dentrusted 15. Aout Bback Caround Din
9、side 16. Adiscovered Bproved Cinsisted Dremembered17. Abetrayed Bwronged Cfooled Dmocked 18. Aforced Bwilling Chesitant Dentitled 19. AIn contrast BAs a result COn the whole DFor instance 20. Ainflexible Bincapable Cunreliable Dunsuitable1.【答案】C【解析】该题选择的是介词,与后面的 many worthwhile things 一块做后置定语 修饰前面的
10、condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。而 A 选项 from(来自于),C 选项 like(像)D 选项 on(关于)均语义不搭。2.【答案】A【解析】此处考察语义一致和对上下文辨析的问题。该空是做 put 的宾语,通 过前面的 On the one hand, its a necessary condition _(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件, 比如照看孩子,友谊等);on the other hand 可以得知该题仍然是在讲述关于主题tr
11、ust 的问题,所以只有 faith(信任)最合适。而 B 选项 concern(关心,关注),C 选项 attention(注意),D 选项 interest(兴趣,利益)均不符题意。3.【答案】D【解析】此处考察词义辨析。前文说到 putting your _in the wrong place often carries a high _(把放在错误的地方通常会带来巨大的),可 以知道该空肯定也是填贬义,但肯定不能是 debt 债务这种具体含义,所以只能 选 price,并且 carries a high price 也指付出高昂的代价。4.【答案】B【解析】此题考察上下文逻辑关系。上一
12、段分析的是信任的利弊,该段所指内 容_, why do we trust at all? (我们为什么会要信任?)所以采用了递进关系, 进一步说明信任的具体内容。只有 D 选项 then(然后,那么)最符合语义搭配。 而 A 选项 again(再次)表示强调;B 选项 instead(然而)表转折;而 C 选项 therefore(因此)表结果,均不符合。5. 【答案】D【解析】此处再一次考察逻辑关系。该空_ people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin,a
13、hormone(_人们信任 一个人或者一个机构,大脑都会释放一种荷尔蒙),只有 when(当时)符 合上下文语境和逻辑语境。6. 【答案】B【解析】该题是考察定语从句的动宾搭配问题。上一句说当人们产生信任感, 大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙,a hormone that _(6) pleasurable feelings 这个 that 就是定语从句,指这种荷尔蒙能_令人愉悦的感觉,只能是 produce 最符合 语境。7.【答案】C【解析】考察词义辨析。该空所填为动词,并且要求与之后的 with 形成搭配。 and triggers the herding instruct that leads s
14、heep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _with one another. 说明这种荷尔蒙能够引发一种群居本 能,这种本能能让羊群聚在一起,and 的后面的内容也与前面的 flock together 同义复现。所以只有 connect 最符合语境。8. 【答案】D【解析】该题考察固定搭配。与 exposure to 构成固定搭配的关系。表示“接触”9. 【答案】B【解析】该题考察上下文语义。上文中说到这种荷尔蒙会给人带来一种愉悦的 情绪,通过这个结论,可以得出这种荷尔蒙能让人有让人信任的情绪/心绪。只 有 mood 是
15、最合适的答案。10.【答案】A【解析】此处仍然是考察上下文语境。上文中 In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; 能从下文得知这也是只本句讲另外一组 受试者。conuterparts 表示对应物,对应的人。11.【答案】B【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。从后文中的 also 可以看出前后一致的关系。 前文对于这种天赋都是褒义的色彩,所以答案此时应该是 lucky。12.【答案】B【解析】同样也是因为 also,说明前后一致关系。只能选择 protect.13.【答案】A【解析】考察
16、固定搭配。A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _ a credible person and a dishonest one. 选则 between意为:14 个月大的孩子能在诚实和不诚实的人之间进行区分。14.【答案】C【解析】考察搭配。结合原文语境,“Sixty toddlers were each_to adult tester holding a plastic container”选项 C“be introduced to sth ”表示“初次认识某物。”符 合原文语
17、境。15.【答案】D【解析】本题考察借此搭配及词义复现。根据原文“whats in here?”before looking into the container.Each subject was then invited to _.” 选项 D 与前文所 表达的 in here 和 looking into 相关。因此 D 为正选。16.【答案】A【解析】本题考察词义复现。根据语境“half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty.”这是用分好并列连接的两个句子,属于并列关系。因 此,前半句讲一般的受测者在
18、盒子里面找到了玩具,后半句在肯定其他人会怎 么说。像个小分局的结构基本一直。因此本题填入的含义应该与 found 含义相 同。因此,A 选项发现为正选。17.【答案】C【解析】根据本题语境,此句在破折号后面,是对前面的意思解释说明。前面 提到了另一半人发现盒子是空的,并且易世达测试者对他们怎么样。既然盒子 是空的,那么肯定认识到测试者是在戏弄他们,所以对此题必须要理解测试者 是主语,宾语是 Them 指的是受测者。主语的含义决定了谓语的含义为戏弄。 因此 C 选项为正选。18.【答案】B【解析】考察搭配。根据句子结构我们可以看出逗号之前是一个介词短语,意 为在所有没有被戏弄过的孩子里面,大多数
19、的孩子在习得一种新技能的时候与 测试者的合作是如何的。Demonstrating that they trusted his leadership 表明这些 孩子信任他的领导。因此,既然信任他们就表示愿意合作。所 B 选项 willing to do 构成固定搭配。19.【答案】A【解析】本题考察逻辑关系。根据原文语境“”only five of the 30 children paried with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.” 通过该句中的 only,可以 看出与上文的“大多数”形成鲜明对比。因此,本题应该选择
20、转折逻辑关系。A 选项为正选。20.【答案】C【解析】本题考察词义辨析。根据原文语境;在接下来的活动中,30 个孩子中 有 5 个孩子与.样的测试者能合作,所以结合上文提到的大部分孩子信任测试 者,但是 5/30 属于小部分,大部分测试者对应的是信任,而小部分应该对应的 是不信任。因此,C 选项“不可靠”为正选。Section Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. M
21、ark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs? Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs
22、 are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering have aroused thei
23、r interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine. This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventual
24、ly raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting. The first st
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