St.Petersburg.pdf
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1、St.Petersburg(圣-彼得堡)St.Petersburg was founded on May 16,1703 when a six-bastion(six walls)fortress(要塞,堡垒)Peter and Paul Fortresswas laid on Sayachy Island,located(坐落)in the broadest part of the Neva estuary(河口),with a church named Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral in the middle.In 1710 the capital of
2、Russia was transferred(迁移)to St.Petersburg from Moscow.The city was built with 18th and 19th century European pomp(壮观,华丽)and orderliness by mainly European architects and accumulated(累积)all of the grandeur(壮观)of the Russian Imperial Court.The result is a city that remains one of Europes most beautif
3、ul cities.To honor his patron saint(守护神)Saint Peter,Tzar Peter the Great named his new capital St.Petersburg and the city has been the capital of Russia for nearly 200 years.St.Petersburg is located at the mouth of the Neva River,and eastward across the islands of its delta(三角洲)is the Gulf of Finlan
4、d reaching the coast of Finland,and onward is the Baltic Sea.Sometimes it is referred to as the City of 101 islands and 300 bridges.The present city is a large industrial,transport,scientific and cultural center of Russia with a territory of 620 square kilometers(235 square miles)and a population of
5、 5 million.Even today St.Petersburg is considered the Northern Capital and is proclaimed(宣布,证明)the Cultural Capital of Russia.This magnificent cultural city is the second biggest city in Russia,after Moscow.Frederick William I Frederick William I,king of Prussia,was born on August 14,1688 in Berlin,
6、Germany and died on May 31,1740 in Potsdam,Germany.In 1706,he married Sophia Dorothea,daughter of George I,king of Great Britain.The Amber Room In 1701,the King of Prussia Frederick the 1st decided to have a curiosity:a room with walls covered with amber.The work was started soon,and in 1713,the pro
7、ject was almost finished when,after the death of Frederick the 1st her heirthe King Frederick William the 1st ordered to cease immediately the work.The finished parts were packed and brought to The Armoury in Berlin.In 1717 the King Frederick William the 1st gave the whole prepared parts of the Ambe
8、r Room to the Russian Emperor Peter the 1st as a diplomatic gift.In 1743,the Russian Empress Elisabeth the 1st let an Italian designer place the amber cover in one of the rooms of the Winter Palace in St.Petersburg.The Amber Room was first open in 1746 in the Winter Palace,where it was housed till 1
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