初级中学英语零基础知识资料点.doc
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1、零基础英语道勤文化学校道勤文化学校 编写编写 目录目录第一章第一章 词类及基本句型词类及基本句型.3第二章第二章 名词名词.3第三章第三章 一般时态一般时态.5第四章第四章 代词代词.7第五章第五章 数词数词.10第六章第六章 常用其它时态常用其它时态.14第七章第七章 感叹句感叹句.16第八章第八章 形容词、副词比较级和最高级形容词、副词比较级和最高级.18第九章第九章 冠词冠词.21第十章第十章 反义疑问句反义疑问句.26第十一章第十一章 主谓一致主谓一致.29第十二章第十二章 介词介词.32第十三章第十三章 定语从句定语从句.36第十四章第十四章 状语从句状语从句.39第一章第一章 词类
2、及基本句型词类及基本句型一、词类一、词类名词:表示人、食物或抽象概念的名称动词:表示动作或状态(及物动词和不及物动词)形容词:修饰名词、代词。 “的”副词:修饰动词、形容词。 “地”二、基本句型二、基本句型基本句型一:主语+谓语(不及物动词) 基本句型二:主语+谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语 基本句型三:主语+系动词+表语 基本句型四:主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 基本句型五:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 基本句型六:There be 句型三、练习判断下列句子属于那种句型三、练习判断下列句子属于那种句型1. He made the boy laugh. 2. Toms mother sounded
3、 worried. 3. My father often reads newspaper after supper. 4. We gave them some money. 5. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 6. All of us considered him honest. 7. Classes begin at eight every day.8. The report sounds interesting.9. Would you please pass me the dictionary?10. The pain made him c
4、ry out.11. You should study hard.12. Her job is to look after the children in the hospital.13. They push the door open.第二章第二章 名词名词一、名词的分类及数一、名词的分类及数(1)名词 普通名词 可数名词不可数名词专有名词 表人、地方、机构、事物、组织的专用名称 (2)名词变复数的规则 (3)特殊的名词变复数单数复数意义单数复数意义footfeet脚;英尺knifeknives刀toothteeth牙齿womanwomen妇女childchildren孩子oxoxen牛ba
5、sisbases基础phenomenonphenomena现象(4)单复数相同fish chicken fruit deer sheep means(方式) Swiss(瑞士人) Chinese Japanese works(工厂) crossroads(十字路口)head(牲畜数量“头”) (5)名词形式上是单数,意义上是复数 cattle 牛(总称) 、people 人民、police 警察、staff 全体员工 (6)学科类名词,形式上是复数,意义上是单数 politics 政治; physics 物理; maths 数学 (7)不可数名词 常见易错:advice 建议; furnitu
6、re 家具; equipment 设备;fun 乐趣;information 信息;paper 纸;work 工作;progress 进步;traffic 交通;housework 家务劳动;wealth 财富。 (8)有些名词既可做可数又可做不可数名词可数不可数名词可数不可数glass玻璃杯玻璃danger危险人物危险room房间空间time次数倍数时间work工厂工程工作life生命生活二二. 名词所有格名词所有格(1)有生命的在词尾加“s”;无生命的用“of +名词” (2)双重所有格构成a/an/this/that + 名词 + of +名词性物主代词/名词所有格注意:of 前的名词一
7、定要有 a/an/this/that 等限定词of 前的名词不能是专有名词of 后的名词必须是特定的指认的名词如:these books of my friendsa friend of my fathersa friend of mine三、练习三、练习1. This is _ reading-room. A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the teachers 2. Nothing was found but _ broken. A. the room window B. the rooms window C. the room of
8、the window D. the window of room 3. How many_ would you like? A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread 4. Please get me a new _ when you go to town. A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers 5. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital. A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens 6. He is ol
9、d , but he has _to do every day. A. a lot of work B. much works C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks 7. Therere many _ in my brothers album. A. leafs B. toys C. books D. stamps 8. Yesterday I went to the market and bought a lot of _. A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats 13.Please
10、 remember to give the horse some tree _. A leafs B leaves C leaf D leave 14.The son asked his mother to buy _ glasses for him. A a type of B a pile of C a piece of D a pair of 15.There is a _ of wood left on the ground. A cup B piece C box D pair 16.- What do you think of the _ there? - They are ver
11、y delicious. A cakes B meat C rice D milk 9. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A Teachers B Teachers C the Teachers D Teachers 10.-Wheres your father? - At _. A Mr Greens B Mr Green C the Mr Greens D Mr Greens 11. He found two _ in the room. A photos
12、B heros C tomatos D potatos 12.This table is made of _. A many glass B glasses C some glasses D glass第三章第三章 一般时态一般时态一、一般现在时一、一般现在时用法:表示经常性习惯性的动作或常存在的状态;客观真理 构成:主语+be 动词(am、is、are)+表语主语(单三)+动词实义动词(s/es) 时间状语:often、usually、every(day、week、month)二、一般过去时二、一般过去时用法:表示过去技经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态 构成:主语+be 动词(was、wer
13、e)+表语主语+动词过去式 时间状语:yesterday、at that time、last(week、month、year)三、一般将来时三、一般将来时用法:表示将要发生的事情或存在的事情 构成:主语+will/shall(第一人称)+动词原形表示未经事先思考的意图,表明说话者的观点、主观意识主语+be going to+动词原形表示已经决定或安排要做的事,客观迹象表明必然或可能发生的事,表示自然现象主语+be to+动词原形表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务必须去做或即将发生的动作主语+ be about to+动词原形(常与 when 连用) 表示主观要做的事,常与 when 连用四、时态练
14、习题四、时态练习题1.-Nancy is not coming to the party tonight. -But she _ me shed love to. A tells B told C will tell D is going to tell 2. If I find his telephone number,I _ you.A tell B told C is telling D will tell 3.Jim _ to work in his home after he graduated from university. A goes B went C will go D h
15、ave gone 4.Keep practicing and you _ your English.A improve B will improve C improving D improves 5.-When _ Jim _ to New York? -YesterdayA does; get B did; get C will; get D has; got 6.Teacher told us the earth _ around the sun.A travelled B travels C will travel D travelling 7. -Ann is in hospital.
16、 - I _ , I _ her. A didnt know; will see B knows; will see C knows ; sees D didnt know; saw第四章第四章 代词代词一、人称代词的用法一、人称代词的用法1.人称代词的人称、数和格。 2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。 如:I like table tennis. (作主语) Do you know him?(作宾语) 3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。 如:-Whos is knocking at the door? -Its me. 4.人称代词在 than 之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都
17、可以。 如:He is older than me. He is older than I am.单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he she ithim her ittheythem二、物主代词的用法二、物主代词的用法1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。 2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。 例如:Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box. 注意:名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here,
18、and theirs is there.(作主语) - Is this English-book yours? (作表语) - No. Mine is in my bag. Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?(作宾语)数人称形容词性 物主代词名词性 物主代词第一人称mymine第二人称youryourshishisherhers单数第三人称itsits第一人称ourours第二人称youryours复数第三人称theirtheirs练习题: 1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I
19、) is in the bag. 2. Trees are planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful. 3. -Is that bike Miss Gaos? -Yes, it is _(she) . Beautiful, isnt it? 4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack. 5. -Who taught your brother to surf ? -Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he). 6.
20、Their English teacher is from America, but _ (we) is from England. 7. Marys answer is different from _ ( I ). 8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _ (you)? -Mine? Oh, two minutes slow. 9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)? 10. Did you enjoy _ (you), Mary and Kate?三、反身代词的用法三、反身代词
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