定语从句重难点 [定语从句重难点辨析] .docx
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1、定语从句重难点 定语从句重难点辨析 定语从句是中学的重点学问,也是高考的必考学问点,通常以单项填空和改错的形式出现,在写作中也是获得高分的黄金句。2011年18套全国及各省市高考试题中就有13个省市涉及这一语法点。要想驾驭好定语从句就肯定要弄清晰定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区分,定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的区分,分隔定语从句,定语从句的插入语,定语从句的主谓一样,定语从句和名词性从句的区分,非限制性定语从句和并列句的区分,定语从句和状语从句的区分,定语从句和强调句的区分。最近几年,题目的设置注意了定语从句与其他从句的混合考查,这是定语从句教学中的难点。 先请同学们看两个谚语: Nothing
2、 is difficult to a man who will try. 世上无难事, 只要肯攀登。 A man who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最终,笑得最好。 通过这两个例句,总结什么叫定语从句。 什么叫定语从句:在句中起定语作用的从句叫定语从句,它所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 1. 定语从句的识别 Ive become good friends with several of the students in my schoolI met in the English speech contest last year。 (2010 湖南卷) A. who B.
3、 where C. when D. which 解析:句意,我已经和去年在英语演讲竞赛中遇到的我校的几位学生成为了好挚友。考查限制性定语从句。先行词为several of the students,在定语从句中作met的宾语,而且先行词指人因此用who引导,当然也可用whom或省略。答案为A。 She showed the visitors around the museum, the constructionhad taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. which 解析:句意,“她带领游客
4、参观了博物馆,这座博物馆的建立工程花费了三年多的时间。”考查“介词+关系代词which”结构。先行词为museum,关系代词which在从句中充当后置定语,修饰the constructions,用of which作后置定语。答案为C。 2. 非限制性定语从句的识别 (1) Chans restaurant on Baker Street,used to be poorly run , is now a successful business. (2007浙江卷) A. that B. which C. who D. where 解析:句意:Chan 的饭店坐落在Baker 街上,过去经营的不
5、好,现在胜利了。这是个典型的非限制性定语从句,先行词是restaurant ,where是个陷阱项,在从句中缺少的是主语, 在从句中只能作状语,故不能选。 留意:1)that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 2)在非限制性定语从句中,先行词是人,又在从句中作宾语,不能用 who来代替whom。 3) 在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词在从句中充当宾语时,不能省略。 (2) The Beatles,many of you are old enough to remember , came from Liverpool. (2006 天津高考) Awhat B. that C. how D. as 解析:
6、引导非限制性定语从句时,as 和 which 的共同特点是:as, which都可以指代整个主句的内容。不同点是:as 引导的从句只能位于主句后,主从句常有肯定的因果关系,前后依次,常译为:“正如” 。 as在这个从句中作remember 的宾语。 3. 关系代词的基本用法 (1) 常见的关系代词。如表1: 表1 指代对象人物人/物 主格who, that which, that, asas ,that 宾格whom,thatwhich 全部格whosewhose (2)常见的关系副词(介词+关系代词。注:介词后不能用that)。如表2: 表2 指代对象先行词关系副词及介词结构 时间day,
7、year, date, time when, during which time 缘由the reasonwhy, for which 地点the place, citywhere,in which, from which 1).非限定性定语从句的代词,除that不能用于非限定性定语从句,其他的关系代词和关系副词均可用。 例:1.I refused to accept the blame for something was someone eless fault. (2010全国高考卷) Awho B.that C.as D.what 解析:我拒绝接受因别人的过错而对我的责怪。定语从句中的先行
8、词是不定代词something,指物,并且在从句中做主语,因此只能用that。Who的先行词指人,as引导限制性定语从句时,前面要有such,the same ;what 不引导定语从句。 答案:B 2).The old temple roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. A.where B.which C.its D.whose 解析:那座在暴风雨中屋顶受损的古庙现在还在修理中。考察限制性定语从句,先行词是the old temple,与定语从句中的主语roof之间为所属关系作定语,因此用whose。 答案:D 3).Life is
9、 like a long racewe compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A.why B.what C.that D.where 解析:先行词为a long race,定语从句中主要句子成分完全,缺地点状语,故用where引导定语从句。 答案:D 4).They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days. A.where B.there C.which D.when 解析:Where引导定语从句,并在从句中作地点状语,修饰Washington。 答案:A
10、(3)多用或少用先行词的推断。先行词是被从句修饰的中心词,既不行缺少也不行重复运用。 例: 1.He made another wonderfor discovery, great important to science. A.which I think it is B.which I think is C.which I think it D.I think which is 答案:B 2.Is this factory you visited yesterday. A.which B.that C.what D.the one 答案:D 4. 定语从句的难点 4.1 关系代词和关系副词的
11、用法不同。 4.1.1 Why=for which 与which/that 的区分。 (1)The reason why he was ill yesterday is that he ate too much. 与The reason that/which he explained to us is that he ate woo much. (2)I will never forget the day when I first came to the NO.11 Middle school. 与I will never forget the day which/that I spent w
12、ith my friends in Tianchi. 4.1.2 as与which用来修饰整个句子的用法不同(当主句与从句的语义一样时,用as,反之用which)。 例:He made great progress,as we expected. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife does not like at all. 例题:(1)We are just trying to reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when
13、D. which (2)Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. A.that B.when C.which D.where (3)Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenespeople were eaten by the tiger. A.in which B.by which C. which D.that (4)There
14、 were dirty marks on her trousersshe had wiped her hands. A.where B.which C.when D. that (5)Is this the school? A.which you study B.in which you study C.for which you study D.where you study in (6)I walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. A.which B.when C.where
15、 D.that (7)I saw a woman running towards me on the dark. Before I could recognize who she was , she had run back in the direction she had come. A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which (8)Carol said the work would be done by October,personally I doubt very much. A.it B.that C.when D.which (9)It
16、 was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A.that B.while C.which D.when (10).In an hour, we can travel to placeswould have taken our ancestors days to reach. A.where B.when C.which D.what 答案:1-5ADAAB 6-10CDDDC 解析:1)关系副词与关系代词的
17、选择要看先行词在从句中所充当的成分:充当主语,宾语等名词性成分,选择关系代词;充当状语时,选择关系副词。 2)关系副词引导的定语从句可以转化为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。 3) 当句中先行词为point, case, situation ,scene等表情形时,其往往是由where引导的定语从句。 4.2 whose作定语与of which / of whom 作定语。 (1)Look out! Dont get too close to the house roof is under repair. A.whose B.which C.of which D.that (2)Recently
18、 I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was very reasonable. A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose (3)That tree, the branchesare almost bare, is a very old one. A.whose B.of which C.in which D.of that (4)The boss of the company, was Mr. Little, told the story. A.the name of
19、whom B.of which C.in which D.of that 答案:1-4ABBA 解析: whose在定语从句中最大特点是先行词既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作定语,干脆放在被修饰的名词前,名词前不能有其他修饰词。一旦修饰词前有the,则有“of+关系词(who/which)”来代替,因此whose+名词=the+名词+of+which/whom=of which/whom+the+名词。 4.3 限定词+of+which/whom。 (1) I was told that there were about 50 foreign studentsChinese in the sc
20、hool, most were from Germany. A.study; of whom B.study; of them C.studying; of them D.studying; of whom (2) I was given three books on cooking, the first I really enjoyed. A.of that B.of which C.that D.which (3) There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, five are mine. A.on which B.in which C.o
21、f which D.from which (4) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad. A.of which B.which of C.of them D.of that 答案:1-4DBCA 解析:1)限定词包括:不定代词(some, any, all, either, neither, both, each),数词(one, the first)及many, most, several, (a) few, (a) little百分数及分数词。 2)限定词+of
22、which(指物)/whom(指人)可换成:of which/whom+限定词。 4.4 定语从句中的主谓一样。 (1) This is one of the roomsfree now. A.that is B.that are C.what is D.what are (2) He is the only one of the experts a little Chinese. A.who knows B.who know C.which knows D. what know 答案:1-2BA 解析:1)定语从句先行词是 one of结构时,先行词为of 后的复数名词或代词,从句谓语用复数
23、。 2)当定语从句先行词是the (only/very) one of 结构时,先行词为one, 从句谓语用单数形式。 4.5 非限制性定语从句和并列句的区分。 (1)The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running,meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. A.who B.that C.as D.which (2).The doctor advised Vera strongly that s
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