抗生素与农业(英文)Antibiotics-in-Agriculture-Science--Publ.ppt
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1、Antibiotics in Agriculture:Science,Public Policy,and the MarketplaceRebecca Goldburg,Senior Scientist,Environmental DefenseNovember,2004The Antibiotic Resistance CrisisFederal Interagency Task Force,2001:Antimicrobial resistance is“a growing menace to all people”Without effective action,treatments f
2、or common infections“will become increasingly limited and expensive and,in some cases,nonexistent.“Relative CausationMedical overuse is a major factorBut,massive agricultural use of antibiotics likely also plays a large role in generating and distributing resistance genesPrecise quantification of re
3、lative contributions probably impossible.but simultaneous action on medical and agricultural fronts is not!Key terminologyNon-therapeutic Generally added to feedFor“growth promotion”For“routine prophylaxis”compensate for crowded conditionsTherapeutic Treat sick animals or those likely to get sick be
4、cause of illness in the herd or flockLivestock TherapyHuman Therapy OtherLivestockNon-Therapeutic%681570U.S.antimicrobial use Half from classes used in human medicineUCS estimatesHUMANS(General Populace)Routes of ExposureAntibioticsWORKERSENVIRONMENTResistant BacteriaAnimalsFOODVia FOODhandling,cons
5、umption HUMANS(General Populace)Routes of ExposureAntibioticsVia WORKERSHandling of feed,manure;transfer to family,communityVia ENVIRONMENTContamination of water,soil,air by bacteria and antibioticsResistant BacteriaAnimals“AR genes once evolved in bacteria of any kind anywhere,can spread indirectly
6、 through the worlds interconnecting commensal,environmental and pathogenic bacterial populations to other kinds of bacteria anywhere else.”-OBrien,2002The Role of ResiduesAntibiotic residues NOT major focus of Antibiotic residues NOT major focus of concern concern Testing finds occasional violations
7、 of Testing finds occasional violations of residue standardsresidue standardsBut,even if residue standards fully met,But,even if residue standards fully met,antibiotic resistance problem remains!antibiotic resistance problem remains!Environmental Defenses roleCoalition to Keep Antibiotics Working(KA
8、W)members include Union of Concerned ScientistsHumane Society of the United StatesNational Catholic Rural Life ConferenceEnvironmental DefenseAlliance for Environmental Innovation arm of Environmental Defense that works with businesses to voluntarily adopt policies and practices that protect the env
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