(精品)leadership.pptx
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1、Emotional Intelligence andTransformational and TransactionalLeadership:A Meta-Analysiselements of EI such as empathy,self-confidence,and self-awareness are the core underpinnings of visionary or transformational leadership(Goleman,Boyatzis,&McKee,2002)EI may represent an elusive“X”factor for predict
2、ing transformational leadership(Brown&Moshavi,2005).skepticism of the link between EI and leadership outcomes(Antonakis,Ashkanasy,&Dasborough,2009;Landy,2005;Locke,2005)and many studies have failed to find significant relationships between EI and transformational leadership in particular(e.g.,Brown,
3、Bryant,&Reilly,2006;Moss,Ritossa,&Ngu,2006;Sosik&Megarian,1999;Weinberger,2004).Transformational Leadership:Transformational leaders act as mentors to their followers by encouraging learning,achievement,and individual development.They provide meaning,act as role models,provide challenges,evoke emoti
4、ons,and foster a climate of trust.Bass&Avolio,1997理想化影响力Idealized influence(attributed)refers to the socialized charisma of the leader and whether or not he or she is perceived as being confident and committed to high-order ideals。Idealized influence(behavioral)refers to charismatic actions by the l
5、eader that are based on values,beliefs,or ideals.个性化关怀Individualized consideration is the extent to which a leader attends to the needs and concerns of his or her followers by providing socio-emotional support.mentoring followers,maintaining frequent contact,encouraging followers to self-actualize,a
6、nd empowering them。鼓舞性激励Inspirational motivation is the degree to which leaders inspire and appeal to followers by setting challenging goals and communicating optimism with regard to goal attainment。智力激发Intellectual stimulation refers to the extent to which leaders engage in behaviors that cause fol
7、lowers to challenge their assumptions,think creatively,take risks,and participate intellectually.Bass and Avolios(1997)transactional leadership factors 权变奖励Contingent reward refers to the degree that leaders operate according to economic and emotional exchange principles with followers.The leader se
8、ts out clear goals and expectations and rewards followers for working toward them.例外管理Management-byexception(active)is the extent to which a leader actively monitors followers for mistakes and tries to correct them.Management-by-exception(passive)refers to leaders who wait for mistakes to occur befo
9、re acting to correct them.laissez-faire leadershipwhich refers to the absence of leadership.Laissez-faire leaders avoid making decisions or taking positions,hesitate to take action,abdicate their authority,and are typically absent when they are needed.即使correct需要也没有。management-by-exception(passive)p
10、arents taking an active interest in the development of their child,high parental moral standards,and whether or not individuals enjoyed school and their prior work experience(Avolio,1994)Extraversion,Agreeableness,Emotional Stability,and Openness(Bono&Judge,2004),Need for Power(Antonakis&House,2002;
11、Sashkin,2004),moral reasoning(Turner,Barling,Epitropaki,Butcher,&Milner,2002),and secure attachment style(Popper,Mayseless,&Castelnovo,2000).Higher levels of intelligence have also been found to be related to transformational leadership(Atwater&Yammarino,1993).capacity of individual differences to p
12、redict transformational leadership has been disappointing.As a consequence,it has been suggested that other,unexplored factors such as EI may play a prominent role in predicting transformational leadership behaviors(Bass,2002;Brown&Moshavi,2005;Nye,2008).EI:“the set of abilities(verbal and non-verba
13、l)that enable a person to generate,recognize,express,understand,and evaluate their own and others emotions in order to guide thinking and action that successfully cope with environmental demands and pressures”(Van Rooy&Viswesvaran,2004)As a trait,EI is considered to be an innate characteristic that
14、enables and promotes well-being.Trait EI has been described as a constellationof emotional self-perceptions at the lower levelsof personality hierarchies(Petrides,Pita,&Kokkinaki,2007).Trait EI has used self-report measures such as the Bar-On(1997)Emotional Quotient Inventory or the Swinburne Univer
15、sity Emotional Intelligence Test(Palmer&Stough,2001).As an ability,EI is considered to be important for not only comprehending and regulating emotions,but also understanding and integrating them into cognitions.On these measures,participants may be asked to identify the emotions conveyed by pictures
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