商务英语名词分析解释.doc
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1、1. Budget 预算 an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2. Return 回报 the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3. Portfolio 证券投资组合 the entire collec
2、tion of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4. Royalty 专利税 money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed per
3、centage of the selling price of the product.5. Patent 专利权 a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.6. Non-tariff barrier 非贸易壁垒 all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other tha
4、n tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.7. Franchise 经销权 an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.8.Purchasing power 购买力 of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods
5、and services.9. PPP 购买力平价 purchasing power parity10. tariff 关税 tax levied by the customs11.barriers to trade 贸易壁垒 any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.12.primary commodities 初级产品 those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, u
6、sually farm produce or raw materials13.drawback 退税 duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re- exported14.specific duties 从量税 duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods15.ad valorem duties 从价税 duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods16.carriage 运费
7、 the price or cost of transportation17.voluntary offer 主动发盘 an offer made on the initiative of the offerer18.contracting parties 缔约方 signatories of an agreement19.force majeure 不可抗力 social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party20.firm offer 持盘 an offer whose
8、terms and conditions are binding on the offer21.offeree 受要约人 the party to whom an offer is made22.hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀 soaring of prices beyond control23.inflation 通货膨胀 rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.24.protectionism 贸易保护主义 the theory of the
9、 system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed on competitive imports25.bilateral 双边的 of two sides26.bundling 捆绑式销售 the exchange of goods or services are tied together27.creditors 债权人 a person to whom one owns money28.debtor 债务人 a person who owes money29.default 违约 fail
10、to carry out an obligation30.draft 汇票 an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money31.remittance 汇款 the sending of money or the money sent32.drawer 出票人 the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter33.drawee 受票人 the person to whom a draft is drawn34.credit-worthiness 资信 being believed
11、 or accepted by others as reliable in making payment35.applicant of an L/C 出口信用证 the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C36.beneficiary 受益人 the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export37.confirming bank 保兑行 the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C
12、38.reimburse 退款 pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent39.clean credit 光票信用证 a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment40.sight credit 即期信用证 a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft41.middleman 中间商 trader through whom goods pass between the p
13、roducer and the consumer42.consignee 收货人 the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped43.shipping marks 唛头 what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation44.insurance policy 保险单 a document used for covering possible risks45.t
14、itle 抬头 right to the possession of a position or property46.insured 被保险人 a person covered by an insurance policy47.premium 保险费 the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract48.potential loss 潜在损失 loss which is possible to incur49.claim 索赔 a payment demanded in accordance with an insur
15、ance policy50.margin 利润 amount above what is estimated as necessary51.underwriter 保险公司 a person who carries on insurance as a business52.invoice 发票 a document for the general description of the goods and the pensation 赔偿金 something given or received as an equivalent for loss54.pooling 联营 a combinati
16、on of funds formed for common advantage55.multi-modal transportation 多式联运 transport that combines road, rail, sea and air56.redeem 兑换 to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock57.settlement 结算 the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc58.exchange rate 汇率 the pri
17、ce at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency59.money circulation 货币流通 money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services60.devaluation 货币贬值 the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with
18、other currencies61.reserve 储备金 money held aside to meet future demand62.investment 投资 the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns63.quota 配额 a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity64.VER 自动出口限制 an agreement by a countrys exporters or governme
19、nt to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country65.intellectual property 知识产权 certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy- right66.tax holiday 免税期 a period of time during which ta
20、x is not levied67.joint venture 合资企业 a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms68.gilts 金边债券 stocks issued by government69.cost-effective 成本效益好 producing optimum results for the expenditure70.anti-dumping 反倾销 one form of action which may be taken by a governme
21、nt to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured71.mandate 授权 authority given to perform a duty72.contracting party 缔约国 a country or firm that signs a legal agreement73.Visible trade 有形贸易 : The form of commodity
22、 trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)74.Invisible trade 无形贸易 : The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, in
23、formation etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.75.FDI( foreign direct investments) is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.76.Portfolio investment 证券投资 : Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.77.
24、Bonds 债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.78.Licensing 许可经营 : In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to
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