2017年宁波大学考博英语真题8728.pdf
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1、第i页共ii页 宁波大学逆1L年博士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在考点捉供的答题纸I-.)科目代码:1201 科目名称:英语._ Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)World leaders need to take action on the energy crisis that is taking
2、shape before our eyes.Oil prices are and it looks less and less likely that this is a bubble.The price of coal has doubled.Countries as far apart as South Africa and Tajikistan are(2)by power cuts.Rich states,no longer strangers to periodic blackouts(断电),are worried about(3)of energy supply.In the d
3、eveloping world,1.6 billion people around a quarter of the human race have no(4)to electricity.I believe that fundamental changes are(5)in the energy field whose significance we have not yet fully grasped.Global for energy is rising fast as the population increases and developing countries such as C
4、hina and India dramatic economic growth.The International Energy Agency(IEA)says the world s energy needs could be 50%(8)in 2030 than they are today.Yet the fossil fuels on which the world still depends are and far from environmentally friendly.Serious thought needs to be given now to creating feasi
5、ble(10).The need for coordinated political action on energy and related(11)一climate change and alleviating poverty,to name but two has never been more(12).Yet there is no global energy(13)in which the countries of the world can agree(14)joint solutions to the potentially enormous problems we see(15)
6、.So does the world really need yet another international organization?(16),yes.A global energy organization would(17),not replace,bodies already active in the energy field.It would bring a vital inter-governmental(18)to bear on issues which cannot be left to(19)forces alone,such as the development o
7、f new energy technology,the role of nuclear power and innovative solutions for reducing pollution and greenhouse gas(20).1.A roaring B soaring Cdropping D upgrading 2.Aprovoked Bpleased C suffered D plagued 3.A security B severity C strictness DJsickness 4.A purchase B approach Cjreach Djaccess 5.A
8、underway B undergrown C underlying D underlined 6.A requirement B demand Crequest Dclaim 7.A undervalue B undermine C undergo D undertake 8.AIonger BJless Chigher D lower-9.Aindefinite Bdefinite C infinite D finite 10.A alternation BJauthorities C alternatives Dalteration 第2页共11页 宁波大学並1L年博士研究生招生考试初试
9、试题(B卷)(荇案必须与在考点提供的答题纸I-.)科目代码:1201 科目名称:英语 11.A issues BJnews C information D materials 12.Aacute Bserious Csensitive DJalert 13.Aconstitution B system C institution D institute 14.Awith Bto Cin Don 15.A submerging B merging C emerging D immersing 16.A Roughly BJFrankly CJHardly DBasically 17.Acompl
10、iment B complement C complaint D implement 18.A prospect BJperspective C principle Dposition 19.Amilitary Badministrative C market D international 20.Aemissions BJsupply Cjradiation D outputs Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions Reading the following four texts.Answer the questions bel
11、ow each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of considerable enlightenment.Dorothea Dix was shocked to find the mentally ill in jails and almshouses and crusaded for the establishment o
12、f asylums in which people could receive humane care in hospital-like environments and treatment which might help restore them to sanity.By the mid 1800s,20 states had established asylums,but during the late 1800s and early 1900s,in the face of economic depression,legislatures were unable to appropri
13、ate sufficient funds for decent care.Asylums became overcrowded and prison like.Additionally,patients were more resistant to treatment than the pioneers in the mental health field had anticipated,and security and restraint were needed to protect patients and others.Mental institutions became fi-ight
14、ening and depressing places in which the rights of patients were all but forgotten.These conditions continued until after World War II.At that time,new treatments were discovered for some major mental illnesses theretofore considered untreatable(penicillin for syphilis of the brain and insulin treat
15、ment for schizophrenia and depressions),and a succession of books,motion pictures,and newspaper exposes called attention to the plight of the mentally ill.Improvements were made and Dr.David Vails Humane Practices Program is a beacon for today.But changes were slow in coming until the early 1960s.At
16、 that time,the Civil Rights movement led lawyers to investigate Americas prisons,which were disproportionately populated by blacks,and they in turn followed prisoners into the only institutions that were worse than the prisons the 第3页共II页 宁波大学並1L年博士研宄生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须与在考点捉供的荇题纸I-.)-科目代码:1201 科目名称:_
17、 _ hospitals for the criminally insane.The prisons were filled with angry young men who,encouraged by legal support,were quick to demand their rights.The hospitals for the criminally insane,by contrast,were populated with people who were considered“crazy”and who were often kept obediently in their p
18、lace through the use of severe bodily restraints and large doses of major tranquilizers.The young cadre of public interest lawyers liked their role in the mental hospitals.The lawyers found a population that was both passive and easy to champion.These were,after all,people who,unlike criminals,had d
19、one nothing wrong.And in many states,they were being kept in horrendous institutions,an injustice,which once exposed,was bound to shock the public and,particularly,the judicial conscience.Patients rights groups successfully encouraged reform by lobbying in state legislatures.Judicial intervention ha
20、s had some definite positive effect,but there is growing awareness that courts cannot provide the standards and the review mechanisms that assure good patient care.The details of providing day-to-day care simply cannot be mandated by a court,so it is time to take from the courts the responsibility f
21、or de livelyof mental health care and assurance of patient rights and return it to the state mental health administrators to whom the mandate was originally given.Though it is a difficult task,administrators must undertake to write rules and standards and to provide the training and surveillance to
22、assure that treatment is given and patient rights are respected.21.The main purpose of the passage is to .A provide an historical perspective on problems of mental health care B increase public awareness of the plight of the mentally ill C shock the reader with vivid descriptions of asylums D descri
23、be the invention of new treatments for mental illness 22.The authors attitude toward people who are patients in state institutions can best be described as .A inflexible and insensitive B detached and neutral C understanding and sympathetic D enthusiastic and supportive 23.It can be inferred from th
24、e passage that,if the Civil Rights movement hadnt prompted an investigation of prison conditions,.A states would never have established asylums for the mentally ill B new treatments for major mental illness would have likely remained untested C the Civil Rights movement in America would have been po
25、litically ineffective D conditions in mental hospitals might have escaped judicial scrutiny 24.The tone of the final paragraph can best be described as .A overly emotional B cleverly deceptive C cautiously optimistic 第4页共II页 宁波大学迎年博士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须与在考点捉供的荇题纸I-.)科目代码:1201 科目名称:_ _ D fiercely ind
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