词汇对等与空缺.pptx
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1、I.Language,Culture and Translation What correlation can you find between them?What correlation can you find between them?语言是文化的载体;文化是语言的土壤;翻译是跨文化交流的桥梁。语言是文化的载体;文化是语言的土壤;翻译是跨文化交流的桥梁。每一种语言都从文化中获得生命和营养,所以我们不能只注意如何将一种语言译成另一种语言,还必须力每一种语言都从文化中获得生命和营养,所以我们不能只注意如何将一种语言译成另一种语言,还必须力求表达两种文化在思维方式与表达情感方面的习惯。求表达两
2、种文化在思维方式与表达情感方面的习惯。翻译活动不仅是语言文字的转换活动,更是不同文化的交流和移植活动,翻译所涉及的不仅是两种语言,翻译活动不仅是语言文字的转换活动,更是不同文化的交流和移植活动,翻译所涉及的不仅是两种语言,更涉及两种文化。更涉及两种文化。第1页/共28页II.Lexical Equivalence Read the following words or phrases to see whether Read the following words or phrases to see whether you can find equivalent expressions in t
3、he TL.you can find equivalent expressions in the TL.television television 电视电视 radar radar 雷达雷达 wheat wheat 小麦小麦 医生医生 doctordoctor 西政西政 SWUPLSWUPL 早饭早饭 breakfast breakfast 1=1 第2页/共28页 marry marry 嫁、娶嫁、娶 wife wife 妻子、老婆、爱人、夫人妻子、老婆、爱人、夫人 cousin cousin 堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹表姐、表妹 杯子
4、杯子 cup,glass,mugcup,glass,mug 工厂工厂 factory,plant,mill,worksfactory,plant,mill,works 明显明显 evidently,apparently,obviouslyevidently,apparently,obviously1=2 or more 第3页/共28页 青少年青少年(八九岁到八九岁到2020多岁的人多岁的人)teenager(13-19teenager(13-19岁的人岁的人)知识分子知识分子(上过学有知识的人上过学有知识的人)intellectual(intellectual(有学问、层次较高的知识分有学问
5、、层次较高的知识分子子)学者学者(知识渊博的人知识渊博的人)scholar(scholar(正在学习的人或有学问的人正在学习的人或有学问的人)11第4页/共28页 PredatorPredator (以猎食其他动物为生的动物;猎食动物以猎食其他动物为生的动物;猎食动物)PreyPrey (被别的动物捕食的动物;被食动物被别的动物捕食的动物;被食动物)ScavengerScavenger (吃死动物的动物;食尸动物吃死动物的动物;食尸动物)weekday weekday (星期天或星期六、星期天以外的日子;平星期天或星期六、星期天以外的日子;平日日)1=none第5页/共28页 Try to f
6、ind an equivalent for a word or expression to achieve Try to find an equivalent for a word or expression to achieve faithfulness.faithfulness.(1)speak ones mind(1)speak ones mind 畅所欲言畅所欲言(2)turn up ones nose at(2)turn up ones nose at 嗤之以鼻嗤之以鼻(3)touch and go(3)touch and go 一触即发一触即发(4)hit the nail on
7、the head(4)hit the nail on the head 一语道破一语道破(5)(5)充耳不闻充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear toturn a deaf ear to(6)(6)大海捞针大海捞针 look for a needle in a bundle of haylook for a needle in a bundle of hay(7)(7)颠倒黑白颠倒黑白 talk black into whitetalk black into white(8)(8)骑虎难下骑虎难下 hold a wolf by the earhold a wolf by the ear第6
8、页/共28页(9)Make hay while the sun shines.(9)Make hay while the sun shines.趁热打铁。趁热打铁。(10)Ill news travels fast.(10)Ill news travels fast.好事不出门,坏事传千里。好事不出门,坏事传千里。(11)(11)皇天不负苦心人。皇天不负苦心人。Everything comes to him who waits.Everything comes to him who waits.(12)(12)小巫见大巫。小巫见大巫。The moon is not seen when the
9、sun shines.The moon is not seen when the sun shines.(13)I took the news(13)I took the news with a grain of saltwith a grain of salt.我对这个消息半信半疑。我对这个消息半信半疑。(14)Unless youve(14)Unless youve got an ace up your sleevegot an ace up your sleeve,we are,we are dished.dished.除非你有锦囊妙计,否则,我们是输定了。除非你有锦囊妙计,否则,我们是
10、输定了。第7页/共28页(15)She is now(15)She is now between the devil and deep seabetween the devil and deep sea on this on this matter.matter.她在这个问题上进退维谷。她在这个问题上进退维谷。(16)(16)这些国家的经济形势这些国家的经济形势每况愈下每况愈下。The economic situation in these countries is The economic situation in these countries is on the down gradeon
11、 the down grade.(17)(17)为了为了掩人耳目掩人耳目,他们把自己打扮成革命者。,他们把自己打扮成革命者。In order to In order to throw dust into the eye of the publicthrow dust into the eye of the public,they decked themselves,they decked themselves out as revolutionaries.out as revolutionaries.(18)(18)照当时情况,他除了照当时情况,他除了忍气吞声忍气吞声又能怎么办呢?又能怎么办呢
12、?As things stood,what else could he do but As things stood,what else could he do but swallow the insultswallow the insult?第8页/共28页 Dont take the words too literally.Dont take the words too literally.(19)pull sbs leg(19)pull sbs leg 愚弄;开玩笑愚弄;开玩笑 *拉后腿拉后腿(20)move heaven and earth(20)move heaven and ear
13、th 想方设法;千方百计想方设法;千方百计 *翻天覆地,感天动地翻天覆地,感天动地(21)childs play(21)childs play 简单的东西,容易的事情简单的东西,容易的事情 *儿戏儿戏(22)eat ones words(22)eat ones words 承认自己说错了话承认自己说错了话 *食言食言(23)dog-eat-dog(23)dog-eat-dog 残酷争夺;人吃人的关系残酷争夺;人吃人的关系 *狗咬狗狗咬狗第9页/共28页III.Lexical Gap 1.Lexical gap resulting from social and living 1.Lexical
14、 gap resulting from social and living surroundingssurroundings blockblock AmE(the distance along one of the sides of)a building AmE(the distance along one of the sides of)a building or a group of buildings between two streets or a group of buildings between two streets 街区;四条街区;四条街当中的区街当中的区(24)I live
15、 two blocks from the school.(24)I live two blocks from the school.我住在离学校两条街远的地方。我住在离学校两条街远的地方。/我的住处和学校之间相隔两条大街。我的住处和学校之间相隔两条大街。(25)The place youre looking for is three blocks along(25)The place youre looking for is three blocks along the street.the street.沿此街过三条马路便到了你要找的地方。沿此街过三条马路便到了你要找的地方。第10页/共28
16、页 landinglanding the level space or passage at the top of a set of stairs the level space or passage at the top of a set of stairs between two sets of stairs between two sets of stairs 楼梯顶部的走廊;楼梯阶段楼梯顶部的走廊;楼梯阶段间的驻脚台间的驻脚台(26)She brought up the water,stopping at each landing(26)She brought up the water
17、,stopping at each landing to get her breath.to get her breath.她提水上楼,在每一个楼梯拐弯处歇脚喘气。她提水上楼,在每一个楼梯拐弯处歇脚喘气。living roomliving room a room for general family use,usually during leisure a room for general family use,usually during leisure hours and for entertaining hours and for entertaining 客厅客厅第11页/共28页 2
18、.Lexical gap resulting from social customs2.Lexical gap resulting from social customs 红白喜事红白喜事 weddings and funeralsweddings and funerals saladsalad a dish consisting of green,leafy raw vegetables,often a dish consisting of green,leafy raw vegetables,often with radish,cucumber or tomato,served with
19、a with radish,cucumber or tomato,served with a dressing dressing 沙拉沙拉/色拉,由绿色有叶生菜制成的一道菜,色拉,由绿色有叶生菜制成的一道菜,常加有小萝卜、黄瓜或西红柿,并加调味品食用常加有小萝卜、黄瓜或西红柿,并加调味品食用 吃过了吗?吃过了吗?*Have you had your meal?How do you do?/How are*Have you had your meal?How do you do?/How are you?you?第12页/共28页 阴阴 阳阳 功夫功夫 天干地支天干地支 农历节气农历节气 中医术
20、语中医术语 刘师傅刘师傅?Master Worker Liu(master worker?Master Worker Liu(master worker仅指可以收徒工的仅指可以收徒工的工人,而且不可用作称呼语,而实际上工人,而且不可用作称呼语,而实际上“师傅师傅”一词可一词可用于一般工人或者其他行业的人。用于一般工人或者其他行业的人。)二哥二哥?Brother Two,?The Second Brother?Brother Two,?The Second Brother 阿庆嫂阿庆嫂?Sister Aqing(“?Sister Aqing(“嫂嫂”指结了婚的女人。指结了婚的女人。)第13页/共
21、28页 My grandfather is his My grandfather is his cousincousin,so hes kith and kin(,so hes kith and kin(亲戚亲戚朋友朋友)to me somehow,if you can make that out,I cant.)to me somehow,if you can make that out,I cant.我的祖父跟他是我的祖父跟他是堂兄弟或表兄弟堂兄弟或表兄弟,因此他和我有亲戚关,因此他和我有亲戚关系,也许你能够把这个关系弄清楚,我可没有办法弄清系,也许你能够把这个关系弄清楚,我可没有办法弄清
22、这个关系。这个关系。Three Three cousinscousins of the French President were also to of the French President were also to receive diamonds.receive diamonds.法国总统的三位法国总统的三位远亲远亲后来也接受了一些金刚石。后来也接受了一些金刚石。她从贫苦的她从贫苦的姑家姑家,又转到更贫苦的,又转到更贫苦的姨家姨家。She had lived for a while with some impoverished She had lived for a while wit
23、h some impoverished paternal relativespaternal relatives,then had been bundled off to some,then had been bundled off to some maternal relativesmaternal relatives who were,if anything,even worse who were,if anything,even worse off.off.第14页/共28页 我属鸡。我从来不吃鸡。鸡年是我的本命年。我属鸡。我从来不吃鸡。鸡年是我的本命年。I was born in th
24、e Year of the Rooster.I never eat I was born in the Year of the Rooster.I never eat chicken.The Year of Rooster will bring me good luck chicken.The Year of Rooster will bring me good luck or bad luck.(Chinese people traditionally use 12 or bad luck.(Chinese people traditionally use 12 animals,repres
25、enting the 12 Earthly Branches,to animals,representing the 12 Earthly Branches,to symbolize the year in which a person is born.1993,for symbolize the year in which a person is born.1993,for example,is the Year of Rooster.People born in this example,is the Year of Rooster.People born in this year hav
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