大学英语教案 Unit35.pdf
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1、Unit 5 Section AUnit 5 Section AI.Background KnowledgeThe applied ethical issue of euthanasia,or mercy killing,concerns whether it is morallypermissible for a third party,such as a physician,to end the life of a terminally ill patient who is inintense pain.The euthanasia controversy is part of a lar
2、ger issue concerning the right to die.Staunchdefenders of personal liberty argue that all of us are morally entitled to end our lives when we seefit.Thus,according to these people,suicide is in principle morally permissible.For health care workers,the issue of the right to die is most prominent when
3、 a patient in theircare(1)is terminally ill,(2)is in intense pain,and(3)voluntarily chooses to end his life to escapeprolonged suffering.In these cases,there are several theoretical options open to the health careworker.First,the worker can ignore the patients request and care can continue as usual.
4、Second,the worker can discontinue providing life-sustaining treatment to the patient,and thus allow himto die more quickly.This option is called passive euthanasia since it brings on death throughnonintervention.Third,the health care worker can provide the patient with the means of taking hisown lif
5、e,such as a lethal dose of a drug.This practice is called assisted suicide,since it is thepatient,and not technically the health care worker,who administers the drug.Finally,the healthcare worker can take active measures to end the patients life,such as by directly administering alethal dose of a dr
6、ug.This practice is called active euthanasia since the health care workers actionis the direct cause of the patients death.Active euthanasia is the most controversial of the fouroptions and is currently illegal in the United States.However,several right to die organizations arelobbying for the laws
7、against active euthanasia to change voluntary euthanasia:When the personwho is killed has requested to be killed.Non-voluntary:When the person who is killed made norequest and gave no consent involuntary euthanasia:When the person who is killed made an expressed wish to the contrary assisted suicide
8、:Someone provides an individual with the information,guidance,and means to take his or her ownlife with the intention that they will be used for this purpose.When it is a doctor who helpsanother person to kill themselves it is called physician assisted suicide.Euthanasia By Action:Intentionally caus
9、ing a persons death by performing an action such asby giving a lethal injection.Euthanasia By Omission:Intentionally causing death by notproviding necessary and ordinary(usual and customary)care or food and water II.Text AnalysisMain Idea and Devices for Developing It1.Main Idea of the textThe story
10、 deals with a doctors view of a terminally ill grandmother as a terrible-looking lady withgraceful hands from the outset but a considerate lady with graceful heart and mind in the end.2.Devices for Developing1.Double Clues(双线索法)There are two clues running through the whole passage,one being explicit
11、 and another implicit.The explicit clue is the time sequence,along which the author organized her experience with thedying patient.(Refer to Explicit clue)The implicit clue is the authors emotional experience,which unnoticeably leads the reader into her emotional world.(Refer to Implicit clue).Expli
12、cit clue-Time sequenceExplicit clue As a major device used in narrative,the order of time is employed in this text likea thread to string all the events together:from“I have never seen Mrs.Clark before.”to“Twodays later,I read about Mrs.Clark in the newspaper.”A fact to be noted is that the progress
13、ion oftime is shown not only with time markers,but also with some other means.Sentences with time markers:1)I have never seen Mrs.Clark before,but I know that tonight she will die.(Para.1)2)As I stand there,the smell hits my nose.(Para.2)3)When I am finished,I pull a chair up beside the bed to face
14、her(Para.6)4)Some unknown interval of time passes before her eyes open again,only this time there is noresponse in them.(Para.8)5)Two days later,I read about Mrs.Clark in the newspaper.(Para.9)Sentences without time markers:1)I reach for the light switch,I return to bed(Para.2)2)I reach for the long
15、,thin fingers(Para.4)3)I bend close to herI put my finger over the end of the strawWe repeat the procedure.(Para.4)4)I go about providing for her needs.I turn her on her side.I remove the lid I rubcream into the yellow skin I notice that(Para.5)5)her shallow breathing stops,I begin to cry quietly.st
16、ill holding her hand,I becomeaware that(Para.8).Implicit clueFollowing this clue unconsciously,the reader seems to experience the same shock and change inemotion as the author did.As a result,Mrs.Clark,a dying patient with terrible appearance,changes from someone we as well as the author understand
17、first to someone we admire and praisein the end.In fact,the change in the authors emotion undergoes three steps.Implicit clue-Emotional experienceStep 1:Mrs.Clark is a total stranger.Ive never seen Mrs.Clark before.(L.1),I return to the bed to observe the patient with an unemotional,medical eye.(L.7
18、)Then,the objective narration and description in Paras.3,4 and 5.I reach for the long,thin fingers that are lying on the chest.(L.14)Step 2:I know something about her an begin to understand or admire her.I again notice the long,thin fingers.Graceful.(L.35)but I have understood what she has done.(L.4
19、0)I feel my own pulse quicken and hear my breathing as it begins to match hers,(L.42)we become aware that (L.44)I nod my head slowly,smiling.(L.45)I receive my thank you (L.46)Step 3:I am deeply touched by her.I begin to cry quietly.There is a swell of emotion within me for this stranger(L.50)it was
20、 a privilege she has allowed me,and I would do it again,gladly.(L.53)and instead shared it with me.(L.55)and I am glad I was there for her.(L.56)Yes,they were long and graceful fingers.(L.60)2.General-specific(总分法)The author states an impress first and then presents the details.With this method,the
21、authorsuccessfully introduces the reader into the scene she depicts.Thus,the reader feels the same thingand breathes the same breath as the author does.She lies motionless:the head seems unusually large on a skeleton body;the skin is dark yellowand hangs loosely around exaggerated bones that not eve
22、n a blanket can hide;the right arm liesstraight out at the side,taped cruelly to a board to secure a needle so that fluid may drip in;the leftarm is across the sunken chest,which rises and falls with the uneven breaths.(Para.3)3.Detailed description(细节描写法)The detailed descriptions are centered aroun
23、d the conditions of“the ward”and“the patient”aswell as around the help the doctor gave to the patient.This device produces the result that thereader feels to be on the spot as the author is,and that the writers mental activities can findechoes in the reader.The conditions of the ward:The only light
24、in her room is coming from a piece of medicalequipment,which is flashing its red light as if in warning.The smell hits my nose,and I close myeyes as I remember the smell of decay from past experiences.In my mouth,I have a sour,vinegartaste coming from the pit of my stomach.The conditions of the pati
25、ent:1)Refer to Para.3.2)In Para.5:They are cold.Naked,except for a light hospital gown,she is very small and lightthat she seems like a victim of some terrible famine.The yellow skin rolls freely over the bones.3)In Para.8:Without warning,her shallow breathing stops,and within a few moments,the fain
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