翻译—考研英语笔记.pdf
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_05.gif)
《翻译—考研英语笔记.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《翻译—考研英语笔记.pdf(85页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、对考研最有帮助的目前最全面的英汉翻译笔记第一部分:数词的译法一、数字增减的译法:1.句式特征:by+名词+比较级+thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长 3 英寸。2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+to+n.译为:增加到。或减少到。Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到 50 台。二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+%The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了 35%2
2、.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+by+%Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加 3%The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少 60%3.句式特征:表示减少意义的动词+to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺,铁的损失量减少到20%4.句式特征:%+比较级+than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than l
3、ast year.今年零售额与去年相比,有望增加9%。5.句式特征:+比较级+名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied.新型机械能耗量净减 10%6.句式特征:a+%+increase表示净增数There is a 20%increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比,今年钢产量净增 20%7.句式特征:%+(o f)名词(代词)表示净减数,数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last y
4、ear.今年产值仅为去年的 60%8.句式特征:%+up o n或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20%percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20%。第二部分倍数增加的表示法及译法汉语表示“增加了几倍”时,英语的倍数表示倍数需减一,译成“增加了 n-1倍”以表示净增加数。如果译 成“增加到n倍”或“为原来的n倍”,则照译不误。1.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+n times 表示成倍地增长,译成”增加到N倍“或 增 加n-1倍”注:1 倍 once;2 倍 twi
5、ce(或 double);3 倍 thrice(或 three times)2.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+b y+n tim es,该句式与上述相同3.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+to+n times表示增加到N倍,译成”增加了 n-1倍”4.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+by a factor of 4-n times5.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+比较级+by a factor of+n times表示增加以后达到的倍数,译成”比。大(长、宽)N-1倍”6.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+n times+比较级+than。7.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+n times-t-adj.
6、/adv.+as.8.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+a+n times(或n-fold)4-increase.表示增加到N倍,译成”增加了 N-1倍”9.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+as+adj./adv.+again as 译成”比。大(长、宽。倍)例 子:Line A is as long again as line B.A 线比 B 线长 1 倍。This machine turns half as fast again as that one.这台机器转动比那台机器快半倍。10.句式特点:表示增力口意义的动词+half as+adj./adv.+again as.译成”比。大(长、宽
7、。半倍)“11.句式特点:用double表示倍数,译成”等于的2倍“或”增加了 1倍“12.句式特点:用treble表示倍数增加,译成”增加到3倍“或”增加了 2倍“13.句式特点:用quadruple表示倍数增加,译成”增加到4倍“或”增加了 3倍“英语倍数句型及其译法英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有一些(如下文中的句型、(12)等,见圈码)很容易译错一一其主要原因在于:英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下:倍数增加(一)A is n times as great(long,much,)as B.()A is n tim
8、es greater(longer,more,)than B.()A is n times the size(length,amount,)of B.()以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,)是B的n倍 或A比B大(长,多,)n-1倍.Eg.This book is three times as long as(three times longer than,threetimes the length of)that one.这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。(二)increase to n times()increase
9、 n times/n-fold()increase by n times()increase by a factor of n()以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。Eg.The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three timesas compared with last year.集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。Eg.The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as againstI986.化肥产量比1986年增加了
10、4倍。Eg.That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。Eg.The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.漏电压增加了 3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth-()应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式:Eg.A r
11、ecord high increase in value of four times was reported.据报道,价值破记录地增长了 3倍。(四)double(增加 1 倍),treble(增加 2 倍),quadruple(增加 3 倍)。()Eg.The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.这些机器的效率已提高了 2倍或3倍多。(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如:A is as much(large,long,-)again as B.(=A is
12、twice as much(large,long,)asB.()应译为:A比B多(大,长,)1倍。A is half as much(large,long,)again as B.=A is one and a half times as much(large,long,)as B.(11)应译为:A比B多(大,长)一 半(即A是B的一倍半)。倍数减少(一)A is n times as small(light,slow,)as B.(12)A is n times smaller(lighter,slower,)than B.(13)以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,)是B的1/n 或
13、A比B小(轻,慢,)(n-1)/nEg.The hydrogen atom is nearly 16 times as light as the oxygen atom.氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。Eg.This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。(二)decrease n times/n fold(14)decrease by n times(15)decrease by a
14、factor of n(16)以上三式均译为:减少到1/n 或:减少(n-1)/n“decrease 常被 reduce,shorten,go/slow down 等词替代。Eg.Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了 1/3(即缩短到2/3)。Eg.When the voltage is stepped up by ten times,the strength of the currentis stepped down by ten times.电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/1
15、0(即90%)。Eg.The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.该设备误差概率降低了 4/5。(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction.应译为:减至1/n 或:减 少(n 1)/nw(17)这个句型还有其它一些形式,Eg.A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.发现迅速减少到1/7。Eg.The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction inwei
16、ght.这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了 1/2。从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型、表示的倍数增量=句型;句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型1 2,且decrease(by)3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。英语倍数句型及其译法英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有一些(如下文中的句型、(1 2)等,见圈码)很容易译错一一其主要原因在于:英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现
17、将常用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下:倍数增加()A is n times as great(long,m uch,)as B.()A is n times greater(longer,more,)than B.(g)A is n times the size(length,amount,)of B.()以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,)是B的n倍 或A比B大(长,多,)n-1倍.Eg.This book is three times as long as(three times longer than,threetimes the length of)that one.这本书的
18、篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。(二)increase to n times()increase n times/n-fold()increase by n times()increase by a factor of n()以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。Eg.The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three timesas compared with last year.集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。Eg.The output
19、of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as againstI986.化肥产量比1986年增加了 4倍。Eg.That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。Eg.The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.漏电压增加了 3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词
20、所替代。(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth-()应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式:Eg.A record high increase in value of four times was reported.据报道,价值破记录地增长了 3倍。(四)double(增加 1 倍),treble(增加 2 倍),quadruple(增加 3 倍)。()Eg.The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.这些机器的效率已提高了 2倍或3倍多。(
21、五)此 外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如:A is as much(large,long,)again as B.(=A is twice as much(large,long,)asB.()应译为:A比B多(大,长,)1倍。A is half as much(large,long,)again as B.=A is one and a half times as much(large,long,)as B.(11)应译为:A比B多(大,长)一 半(即A是B的一倍半)。第四部分动词的使动用法动词是英语中词类中最为活跃的成分,至今对于动词的使用我一直是胆战心惊的,现
22、介绍一些使动用法共勉。1.1 slowly walked my horse up the hill.我慢慢地带马上山。2.The ran the ship aground.他们把船开到滩上去了。3.The swam their horses in the river.他们使马泅水渡河。4.1 laid myself down to rest my wearied limbs.我躺下来好让疲惫的腿休息一下。5.They rode out the storm.他们安然渡过风暴其实,研究动词个人认为,要把握后面有无宾语;宾语是人还是物;是什么样的宾语。欢迎网友探讨,动词的学习研讨方法。第五部分同系宾
23、语1.I dreamed a strange dream.2.He slept the sleep that knows no waking.3.1 have fought a good fight.一、在同系宾语上附有修饰形容词时:通常可换成态度副词。live a long life=live long;live a happy life=live happily;die a national death=die nationally;die a violent death=die by violence二、有的宾语与动词不同语源,但意义相通,也可以视为同类。run a race;run a
24、 course;run ones career;fight a battle;blow a gale;strike a blow;ring a peal;wreak ones vengeance三、以it构成的类型:I am determined to fight it out。我决心奋斗到底。He is starring it in the provinces.他到各地巡回演出。We had to walk it in the rain.我们不得不冒雨而行。Can*t you swim it?你游不过去吗?四、在某些熟语中可将同系宾语省略,如look thanks=look a look o
25、f thanksHe looked the thanks he could not express.他眼中现出言语无法表达的感谢。She Ie代the room,looking daggers at me.她以短剑相刺的目光望着我,走出了房间。五、最高级形容词后,可以省略同系宾语。The lady was looking her best(look).She sang her sweest(song)to please him.第六部分一组词组1 .all+抽象名词/抽象名词+itself=very+adj.He was all gentleness to her.他对她非常温存。To his
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 翻译 考研 英语 笔记
![提示](https://www.deliwenku.com/images/bang_tan.gif)
限制150内