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1、 Unit Four The Scope of Pharmacology Part fourvAnother ramification 分支 of pharmacodynamics is the correlation of the actions and effects of drugs with their chemical structures.vSuch structure-activity relationships are an integral link in the analysis of drug action,and exploitation of these relati
2、onships among established therapeutic agents has often led to the development of better drugs.v药效学的另一分支是研究药物活性和效用与其化学结构的相互关系。v这种构效关系是分析药物作用不可或缺的一部分,将这种关系应用子现有的治疗药物中往往会促使药品的更新换代vHowever,the correlation of biological activity with chemical structure is usually of interest to the physician only when it
3、 provides the basis for summarizing other pharmacological information.v然而,只有当生物活性与化学结构的关联能够为总结其他药物学信息提供基础时,临床医师才会对此产生兴趣.vThe physician is understandably interested mainly in the effects of drugs in man.v医师的兴趣主要集中于药物对人体的疗效。vThis emphasis on clinical pharmacology is justified,since the effects of drug
4、s are often characterized by significant interspecies variation,and since they may be further modified by disease.In addition,some drug effects,such as those on mood and behavior,can be adequately studied only in man.v临床药理上重视这一点是合理的,因为药物的作用往往因种属的明显差异而大相径庭,并可能由于疾病的作用而发生进一步改变。而且有些药物作用诸如对情结和行为的作用一只有通过人
5、体才能得以充分研究。vHowever,the pharmacological evaluation of drugs in man may be limited for technical,legal,and ethical reasons,and the choice of drugs must be based in part on their pharmacological evaluation in animals.v不过,药物对人体的药理学评价可能因技术、法律及伦理道德方面的原因而受到限制,对药物的选择在一定程度上也只得以它们在动物身上所进行的药理学评价为基础。vConsequently,some knowledge of animal pharmacology and comparative pharmacology is helpful in deciding the extent to which claims for a drug based upon studies in animals can be reasonably extrapolated to man.v因此,动物药理学和比较药理学方面的知识有助于确定以动物实验为基础的某种新药研制何时才可用于人体。
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