九年级英语人教版常用词汇辨析.doc
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1、 . . . . 辨析:notany more,no more, notany longer与no longernotany more=no more,作状语时修饰非延续性的动词,用来说明在程度和数量上的“不再”,多用于将来时态。notany longer=no longer, 修饰延续性动词,表示时间、状态、距离不再延续,着重于现在和过去情况的对比。no longer 位于句中,no more 常出现在句末,notany longer 与notany more的位置是not位于句中,any longer, any more通常在句尾。no more除作状语外,还可以作定语、宾语,而no lo
2、nger只能作状语。如:John no longer comes to school late.= John doesnt come to school late any longer. 约翰不再上学迟到了。Mary is no more ill. = Mary isnt ill any more. 玛丽病好了。I have no more to say. 我没有什么要说的了。(宾语)I have no more money with me. 我身上再也没有钱了。(定语)辨析:used to 与be used toused to 意为“过去经常”,其中的 to 是不定式符号,而不是介词,所以其
3、后只接动词原形(不能接动名词)。如:He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。注:used to 通常不能与表示具体次数(如 twice, three times 等)或一段时间(如 three months, five years 等)的词或短语连用,但是它却可以与 always, often 等表示经常性意义的副词连用。如:我去过巴黎 3 次。正:I went to Paris three times. 误:I used to go to Paris three times.我在乡下住过 3 年。正:I lived in the country for thr
4、ee years. 误:I used to live in the country for three years.正:I always used used always to be afraid of dogs. 我过去总是怕狗。 be used to 意为“习惯于”,其中的 to 是介词,所以其后要接名词或动名词(不能接动词原形);若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程,可用 get, become 等代替动词be。如:He is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。Im sure Ill get used to the hard work. 我相信
5、我会习惯这艰苦工作的。注:be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 (此时意为“被用来”,其中的 to 为不定式符号,其后要接动词原形)。如:A hammer is used to drive in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉子的。辨析:interesting 与interested这是两个由动词interest转化而来的分词形容词,现在分词表示进行,表示主动意义,过去分词表示完成,表示被动意义,因此:(1)物作主语时,表语要用-ing形容词。如:The news is interesting.这消息是有趣的。(2)人作主语时,表语要用-ed形容词。如:I am inte
6、rested in the book.我对这本书感兴趣。辨析:worry about, be worried about与be worrying about三者都表示“担心”。worry about 强调“担心”的动作。be worried about 侧重“担心”的状态。be worrying about表示“担心”的动作正在进行。辨析:die, dead, death与dyingdie是动词,意思为“死、死亡”,是一个瞬间动词,不能与一段时间连用。My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌
7、症。 dead是形容词,意思为“死了的、无生命的”,表示状态,可以与一段时间连用。The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。 death是名词,意思为“死亡、去世”等。The memorial hall was built one year after his death. 他死后一年,纪念馆建成了。His death is a great loss to us. 他的死是我们的巨大损失。dying 是die的现在分词,用作形容词,意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”。The do
8、ctors have saved the dying man.医生们救活了那个垂死的人。(2)a few 几个,一些,其后接可数名词的复数形式。 辨析:few, a few, little 与 a little few 和 a few 之后接可数名词的复数形式。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义。如:His theory is very difficult, and few people understand it. 他的理论很深奥,没有几个人能懂。His theory is very difficult,
9、but a few people understand it. 他的理论很深奥,但是有些人懂。 little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似。如:Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。 一般说来,在only, still, can, quite, not 等词之后通常用带有不定冠词的 a few 或 a little,而在 very,some, the, no, s
10、o, too 等词之后通常用不带冠词的 few 或 little。如:He was not a little surprised. 他大为吃惊。Theres only a little left. 只剩下一点点。I have so little time to enjoy myself. 我娱乐时间很少。Very few people understand what he said. 几乎没什么人懂他的话。两者的比较等级变化分别为 few, fewer, fewest (后接可数名词复数),little, less, least (后接不可数名词)。如:Who has the fewest m
11、istakes? 谁的错误最少?He is the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 他尽管经验最少,但教得最好。You ought to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less beer. 你应该少抽烟,少喝啤酒。 few 和 little 前除受不定冠词修饰表示肯定意义外,若受其他限定词的修饰也表肯定意义。如:She was among the few who have read the book. 她是少数读过这本书的人之一。Her few possessions were so
12、ld after her death. 她那点儿财产死后就被卖掉了。The little of his work that I have seen seems excellent. 我所看到的他那一小部分工作似乎非常出色。注:a man person of few words (沉默寡言的人)是习词,其中的 few 前不用冠词或其他限定词。3. His mother couldnt afford to pay for her childs education. 他的母亲没有足够的钱支付孩子的教育费用。pay for 支付,付款。如:Right, Ill pay for the food and
13、 you pay for the drinks. 好吧,我付饭菜钱,你付酒水。辨析:pay, spend, cost 与 takepay的基本意思是“支付”,作为与物动词,宾语可以是“人”、“钱”。如:He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.他付了出租车的钱,急忙向车站赶去。They had to pay two hundred francs.他得付二百法郎。Well pay you in a few days.几天后我会给你钱。spend的主语必须是“人”,宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等,其后用on (for) + 名词或用in(可省略)+ 动名词
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