高二英语外研版选修八讲义MODULE2SECTIONⅢ.docx
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1、rammarSection III复习非谓语动词语法点一语法 突破/德法初积原句感知自主探究CD It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.Its no use trying to persuade him to change his mind.Our duty is to help the young children to grow better.Our work is serving the people.People want to know who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.The buil
2、ding being built is a new shopping mall.The bird was lucky and escaped being caught.Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the year 1503 1506, the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.(1)句中黑体局部在句中均作主语。句 中黑体局部在句中均作表语。句中黑体 局部在句中作宾语。(2)依据句可知,动词不定式和动词ing 形式作主语时,可以用运作形式主语。(3)依据句可知,黑体局部为动词-ing形 式的被动式,在句中分别作定语和宾
3、语。(4)句中黑体局部为过去分词在句中作遗 造。福弦制折时态形式主动式被动式不定式一般式to doto be done完成式lo have donelo have been done进行式to be doing动词ing形 式一般式doingbeing done完成式having clonehaving been done动词-ed形 式一般式done非谓语动词的基本形式集中演练1单句语法填空(l)lb incrcasc (increase) levels of munity service, some schools have launched pulsory volunteer progr
4、ams.Do you mind beinginterrupted (interrupt) while studying?Warned (warn) of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.Nol having seen (not see) her for a long time, I missed her very much.His first book to be published (publish) next month is based on a true story.The sun began to rise in t
5、he sky, bathing (bathe) the mountain in golden light.语法点二非谓语动词的句法功能1.不定式和动词ing形式作主语、宾语以及表语时的区分(1)不定式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示详细的、特指一次性或将要发生的动作。(2)动词-ing形式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示抽象的、泛指常常的动作或一般状 况。Swimming is a very good sport in summer.在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。(动词-ing形式swimming在句中作主语,表示泛指一 般状况)They managed to escape from the bur
6、ning building.他们设法逃离了那座着火的大楼。(不定式短语to escape from the burning building在句 中作宾语,表示一次性的动作)巧学助记(1)通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词(短语):提出要求拒绝难:offer, ask/demand, refuse同意容许会关心:agree, promise, help设法做成决心坚:manage, decide/determine/choose方案支酉己有希望:plan, arrange, desire, would like/love, expect/hope/wish/want/long不能做到不假装:fail
7、, pretend(2)通常只能接动名词作宾语的动词(短语):允许考虑四建议:allow/permit, consider, suggest/advise/propose/remend忙于坚持多练习:be busy, insist on, practise成认喜爱多希望:admit, enjoy, look forward to否认拖延可原谅:deny, delay/postpone/put off, excuse防止错过莫放弃:avoid, miss, give up完成冒险没躲避:finish, risk, escape想象之后才感谢:imagine,叩predate名师点津(1)有些动词
8、后接动名词和不定式作宾语时,意义完全不同:fto do sth.遗忘去做某事doing sth.遗忘已经做过某事jto do sth.记住去做某事remember|doing sth.记得曾经做过某事to do sth.圆满去做某事叫doing slh.懊悔做过某事to do sih.停下手头正在做的事而去做另一件事“P doing sth.停止正在做的事to do sth.努力去做某事doing sth.堂试着做某事to do sth.意欲/想/准备做某事ineandoing sth.意味着做某事io d。sih.(做完某事)接着做另一件事co ondoing sth.连续做同一件事jto
9、do sth.不能关心做某事can I help加.sth.情不自禁地做某事Ill never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time.我永久忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞而情景。(forget doing sth.表示“遗忘已做过某事”,动名词表示已经完成的动作)Dont forget to carry your camera with you.别忘了带上你的照相机。(forget lo do sih.表示“遗忘去做某事,不定式表示将要去 做的事情)They meant to help her carry th
10、e box. but she declined.他们想帮她搬那个箱子,但她婉言谢绝了。(mean lo d。sth.表示“意欲/准备做某事”)Perseverance does not mean doing the same thing forever.坚持不懈并不意味着永久做同一件事情。(mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事)(2)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时,其后通常接动词-ing形式的主动形式或不 定式的被动形式,这时动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义。This kind of plant needs watering/to be watere
11、d twice a week.这种植物需要一星期浇两次水。(句中need为实义动词)2.现在分词与过去分词作表语和定语时的区分(I)现在分词(如 interesting, exciting, moving, puzzling, surprising)作表语通常用于表示事 物的性质特征;过去分词(如interesied, excited, moved, puzzled, surprised)作表语,通常用于 表示人或人的心理状态。She was puzzled at what to do with it.她不知道怎么处理这件事。The situation was more puzzling th
12、an ever.局势比之前更加捉摸不定。(2)这类过去分词和现在分词还可以作定语修饰名词。一般而言,现在分词修饰表示事 物的名词;而过去分词修饰人或表示人的心理状态的名词。Hearing the exciting news, he burst into tears.听到这令人冲动的消息,他突然大哭起来。Seeing his excited look. I know he has won the match. 看到他兴奋的表情,我知道他赢得了竞赛。3.非谓语动词作定语时的用法区分不定式通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作,所修饰的词与之在规律上存在动 宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系动词.ing形式现在
13、分词作定语通常有主动进行含义或表示一种状态;动名词作定语通常 表示用途动词-ed形式动词-ed形式作定语通常有被动(或)完成含义The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my close friend.墙上挂的这幅图画是我的一位密左画的。(现届分词短语hanging on the wall作定语, 表示一种状态)The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.第一批把英语作为外语教学而编写的教科
14、书是在16世纪出版的。(过去分词短语written for teaching English as a foreign language 作定语表示被动完成含义)Have you got anything to say at the meeting?你在会上有什么要说的吗?(不定式to say作定语,与所修饰的词anything之间在规律 上存在动宾关系)4 .非谓语动词作宾语补足语时的用法区分常见动词马宾语的规律关系准时间概 念不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage .主谓关系。强调动作将发生或 已经完成hav
15、e, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make .现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel.主调关系。强调动作正在进行过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成,多 强调状态Johns mother doesnt allow him to tease the cat.约翰的母亲不允许他戏弄这只猫。(不定式短语to lease the cat在句中作宾语补足语)I saw them enter a coffee bar.我观察他们进了一家咖啡馆。(省略to的不定式短语enter a coffee bar
16、在句中作宾语 补足语)I caught George smoking in the toilet.我撞见乔治在厕所抽烟。(现在分词短语smoking in the toilet在句中作宾语补足语)David had his car maintained yesterday.昨天戴维让人把车做了保养。(过去分词maintained在句中作宾语补足语)名师点津假如have, make, see, hear, notice等词的复合宾语结构中的宾语补足语为 省略to的不定式,变被动语态时省略的to需要复原。He was seen to date Mary yesterday.昨天他被观察和玛丽约会了
17、。(不定式to date Mary在句中作主语补足语)5 .非谓语动词作状语时的用法区分(1)动词不定式通常作目的、缘由、结果等状语。To improve their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.为了提高他们的效劳水平,这个旅店的员工们正努力地学习英语。(不定式to improve their service在句中作目的状语)She was so angry as to be unable to speak.她气得连话都说不出来。(不定式短语as to be unable to speak在句
18、中作结果状语,通常 位于句末)Jack hurried to the booking office, only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.杰克匆忙赶到售票处,结果被告知全部的票都被卖完了。(不定式only to bed在句中 作结果状语,表示意料之外的结果)I am glad to hear the news.听到这个消息我很欢乐。(不定式短语t。hear the news在句中作缘由状语,通常位于句 末)(2)动词-ing形式(现在分词)和动词-ed形式(过去分词)在句中通常作缘由、时间、伴随、 条件、结果、让步等状语
19、。主语与动词-ing形式(现在分词)之间在规律上存在主调关系,主 语与动词-ed形式(过去分词)之间在规律上存在动宾关系。Getting up late, he missed his early train.由于起床晚 他没有赶上早班火车。(现在分词短语getting up late在句中作缘由状语)Caught in a heavy rain, he was wet to the skin.由于遇上J大雨,他浑身都湿透/ o (过去分词短语caught in a heavy rain在句中作缘由 状语)Tom lay on the grass, staring into the sky.汤姆
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