英语复习大纲.pdf
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1、Miss Guo:Understanding Cultureomnipresentteachers explanation:all;everywhere;/无处不在的;present in all places at all times;Dictionary explanation:(adj.)无所不在的,同时遍在的原文:This omniDresent quality of culture leads Hall to conclude that“there is not oneaspect of human life that is not touched and altered by cu
2、lture.geishaDictionary explanation:a Japanese woman trained to entertain men with conversationand singing and dancing;(n.)艺伎原文:A Japanese geisha and a New England librarian send and receive differentmessages on different channels and in different networks.conditionteacher为 explanation:shape(v);deter
3、mine effect 使(我们)有影响have an importanteffect on something;determining影响,决定;Dictionary explanation)情 况;环 境;状 态;形 势(v.)以 为条件,支配,决定原文:Because culture conditions us toward one particular mode of communication overanother,it is imperative that we understand how culture operates as a first step towardimpro
4、ving intercultural communication.laying outteachers explanation:arranging;/arrange something in a planned way;安排,设计;Dictionary explanation:laying outnj敷设线路/lay out设计,安排,陈列,花费,拟定原文:It is believed that culture evolved for the same reasons:it serves the basic need oflaying out a predictable world in wh
5、ich each of us is firmly grounded and thus enables usto make sense of our surroundings.relegated toteacher火 explanation:降低降级,(常用于被动);dismiss sth or sb to a lower position ora lower rank;Dictionary explanation:relegate(v.)Ji!2iW;把.归类;放逐;移交原文:Thus,the influence of culture becomes habitual and subconsc
6、ious and makes lifeeasier,just as breathing,walking and other functions of the body are relegated tosubconscious controls,freeing the conscious parts of the brain of this burden andreleasing it for other activities.garnersteacher为 explanation:获得努力获得(可带双宾语:gamer them rewards);collect andstore/acquire
7、 by efforts;Dictionary explanation:(n.)谷仓,积蓄(v.)储存,贮藏原文:Culture,using the family as its first of many conduits,teaches the child how tobehave in a manner that is acceptable to adults and that gamers them rewards.blueprintteacher为 explanation:详细规划;detailed plan;Dictionary explanation:(n.)蓝图,模板,原型;som
8、ething intended as a guide for makingsomething else原文:Hence,culture shields people from the unknown by offering them a blueprint forall of lifes activities.go so far as toteacher为 explanation:extremely;甚至于(后面跟最极端的话)说或做到强烈程度;竟然到了.的地步;extreme limits be willing to do sth;Dictionary explanation:go so fa
9、r as to说或做至lj.强烈程度;至于;甚至.原文:We might even go so far as to agree with Harris that our primary mode ofbiological adaptation is culture,not anatomy.perplexingteachers explanation:复杂的complicated;Dictionary explanation:(adj.)复杂的,令人费解的;令人困惑的;causing confusion orperplexity原文:In addition to making the world
10、 a less perplexing place,clutures have now evolvedto the point-ubiquitousteacher为 explanation:无所不在的普遍存在;omnipresent;Dictionary explanation:(adj.)至 lj处存在的;普遍存在的原文:As we have seen,culture is ubiquitous,multidimensional,complex,andall-pervasive.all-pervasiveteachers explanation:persent/Zspread every wh
11、ere 遍及各方面的;all-pervading;Dictionary explanation:pervasiveadj.#i;渗透的;弥漫的原文:As we have seen,culture is ubiquitous,multidimensional,complex,andall-pervasive.all-encompassing onesDictionary explanation:encompassv.围绕;包含;包围;完成/包含所有的;includeeverything;原文:Definitions of culture range from all-encompassing o
12、nes(it is everything)tonarrower ones(it is opera,art,and ballet).recurteachers explanation:occur again;重现;Dictionary explanation:recurv.再发生,复发;被重新提出,重提;再现,重新忆起;循环,递归原文:For our purposes,we are concerned with those definitions that contain therecurring theme of how culture and communication are lined
13、together.advanceteachers explanation:make/present;提出;Dictionary explanation:advancen/v.a movement forward;develop further;pay inadvance前进,发展;提出;预付原文:Using their description as a starting point,we advance a definition of our own thatis more suited to the goals of this book.the liketeachers explanatio
14、n:and so on;and so far;其他类似的人或物;person or thingwhich is like another;Dictionary explanation:the liken类似物原文:Your views on work,immigrations,freedom,age,.bodily adornment,and the likeare part of your cultural membership.taken-for-grantedteacher5s explanation:assume something to be true;想当然;理所当然的;be so
15、 familiarwith sth that you not appreciate in full values;Dictionary explanation:take.for granted:accept without verification or proof;认为是理所当然的原文:Remember,most of culture is in the taken for granted realm and below theconscious level.pep-talkteacher9s explanation:pepper;鼓舞人心的话;激励性的谈话;a talk entertain
16、 toimproved esp.encouraging the listeners work harder;Dictionary explanation:pep-talk;鼓励檄励;给.打气;用激励的话去影响原文:Shapiro offered much the same pep-talk when he wrote:The discovery of culture,the awareness that it shapes and molds our behavior,our values and even our ideas,therecognition that it contains s
17、ome element of the arbitrary,can be a startling or anilluminating experience.arbitraryteachers explanation:base on personal opinion;not on reason;主观的;based on yourpersonal opinion;Dictionary explanation:(adj.)专制的,任意的,恣意的illuminatingteachers explanation:revealing and helpful;启发性的;/启蒙的;lightening;reve
18、aling;helpful;Dictionaiy explanation:(adj.)照亮的;照明的;启蒙的designateteachers explanation:指定的;特指的;Dictionary explanation:(v.)指明;任命;指出;give an assignment to(a person)to apost,or assign a task to(a person);(adj.)指定的,选定的;appointed but not yet installedin office原文:Although many discussions of culture use the
19、terms umbrella culture,mainstreamculture,and European Americans,we prefer the designate dominant,which clearlyindicates that the culture we are talking about is the one in power.in powerteacher飞explanation:having control;(修饰名词,做后置定语)(1)选举出但没有上任的;selected but nol installed。)在统治地位的;dominant;Dictionary
20、 explanation:in power掌权的,执政的perpetuateteacher*explanation:cause sth to continue;使永久,保持Dictionary explanation:.)使永存,使不朽;cause to continue or prevail原文:Whether it be the church,mass media.perpetuates customs,establishes values,andmakes the major decisions affecting the bulk of the population.attendant
21、teachers explanation:伴随的;accompany;Dictioiwy explanation:(n.)出席者,随从,跟班(adj.)出席的,注意的,伴随的原文:High status and attendant power may be accorded those who are seen or believed tobe great warriors or hunters.accordteachers explanation:give;grant;/(可带双宾语)Accord sb sth 授予,给予Dictionary explanation:accord(n.)调和
22、,一致,符合;条约;协议;自愿(v.)调解,使一致;赠予;给予;授予;调和,一致,符合go aboutteachers explanation:approach to do sth;tackle with;(1)着手做,处理;(tackle with)approach;(2)make a habit of doing;Dictionary explanation:着手做;走动;从事;begin to deal with原文:All of us are born with basic needs一needs that create and shape behavior-buthow we go
23、about meeting those needs and developing behaviors to cope with them islearned.meteorologicalteachers explanation:scientific study of climate and atmosphere and its change;气象的;气象的,气象学的;Dictionary explanation:(adj.)气象的;气象学的原文:Whether we feed ourselves by growing yams or hunting wild game or by herdin
24、gcamels and raising wheat,whether we explain a thunderstorm by attributing it tometeorological conditions or to a fight among the gods-such things are determined bywhat we learn as part of our enculturation.enculturationteacher飞explanation:(n.Socialization,对本文化的适应对他文化的适应(acculturation);Dictionary ex
25、planation:enculturation|n.对某种文化的适应;the adoption of thebehavior patterns of the surrounding culture原文:The term enculturation denotes the total activity of learning ones culture.synonymouslyteachers explanation:having the same meaning as other words;同义地;同类土也,同义地;1Dictionary explanation:synonymous(adj.
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