中国对澳大利亚各州和地区的影响(英)-澳洲智库.pdf
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1、Taking the low roadChinas influence in Australian states and territories?Edited byJohn FitzgeraldTaking the low roadChinas influence in Australian states and territoriesAbout ASPIThe Australian Strategic Policy Institute was formed in 2001 as an independent,nonpartisan think tank.Its core aim is to
2、provide the Australian Government with fresh ideas on Australias defence,security and strategic policy choices.ASPI is responsible for informing the public on a range of strategic issues,generating new thinking for government and harnessing strategic thinking internationally.ASPIs sources of funding
3、 are identified in our annual report,online at www.aspi.org.au and in the acknowledgements section of individual publications.ASPI remains independent in the content of the research and in all editorial judgements.It is incorporated as a company,and is governed by a Council with broad membership.ASP
4、Is core values are collegiality,originality&innovation,quality&excellence and independence.ASPIs publicationsincluding this reportare not intended in any way to express or reflect the views of the Australian Government.The opinions and recommendations in this report are published by ASPI to promote
5、public debate and understanding of strategic and defence issues.They reflect the personal views of the author(s)and should not be seen as representing the formal position of ASPI on any particular issue.Important disclaimerThis publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative informatio
6、n in relation to the subject matter covered.It is provided with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering any form of professional or other advice or services.No person should rely on the contents of this publication without first obtaining advice from a qualified professional
7、.The Australian Strategic Policy Institute Limited 2022This publication is subject to copyright.Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968,no part of it may in any form or by any means(electronic,mechanical,microcopying,photocopying,recording or otherwise)be reproduced,stored in a retrieval sy
8、stem or transmitted without prior written permission.Enquiries should be addressed to the publishers.Notwithstanding the above,educational institutions(including schools,independent colleges,universities and TAFEs)are granted permission to make copies of copyrighted works strictly for educational pu
9、rposes without explicit permission from ASPI and free of charge.First published February 2022Published in Australia by the Australian Strategic Policy InstituteASPILevel 240 Macquarie StreetBarton ACT 2600AustraliaTel+61 2 6270 5100Fax+61 2 6273 9566Email enquiriesaspi.org.auwww.aspi.org.auwww.aspis
10、trategist.org.au F ASPI_orgISBN 978-1-925229-71-4(print)ISBN 978-1-925229-72-1(online pdf)Cover image:Design by ASPI,Chinese flag,iStockphoto/Igor IInitckii.Funding support for this publication was provided by Konrad-Adenauer-StiftungiiiContentsContentsPreface vPeter Jennings and Bertil WengerIntrod
11、uction 1John Fitzgerald1.New South Wales 16Dominic Meagher2.Victoria 46John Fitzgerald3.Queensland 74Caitlin Byrne4.Western Australia 97Wai-Ling Yeung5.South Australia 115Gerry Groot6.The territories:NT and the ACT 140Amos Aikman and Samantha Hoffman7.Tasmania 165Mark Harrison8.Encircling the city f
12、rom the countryside:a template of CCP united front work at subnational level 183Anne-Marie Brady9.Constitutional issues in Australias subnational relations with China 196Dominique Dalla-Pozza and Donald R RothwellivTaking the low road:Chinas influence in Australian states and territories10.Universit
13、ies:Open for business?214Peter Jennings11.Business perspectives on AustraliaChina relations 241Rowan CallickConclusions and recommendations 274John FitzgeraldAppendix 291Nikolaos SkondrianosAbout the authors 303Acknowledgements 309Acronyms and abbreviations 310Index 313vPrefacePrefaceThe bilateral r
14、elationship between Australia and the Peoples Republic of China(PRC)has been in freefall for months.In whats widely reported as a hostile reaction to a 2020 call from Prime Minister Scott Morrison for an international investigation to the origins of the Covid-19 pandemic,Beijing has subjected Austra
15、lia to a rolling series of bans on exports,including coal,beef,wine,barley,timber and lobsters,at an economic cost of tens of billions of dollars.In November 2020,the Chinese Embassy in Canberra provided a dossier of disputes to the Australian media.Fourteen grievances were raised,all apparently dem
16、onstrating that Australia was poisoning bilateral relations with China.An embassy spokesperson commented:China is angry.If you make China the enemy,China will be the enemy.1A striking feature of the 14-point grievance list is that many concern Australian Government attempts to limit PRC engagement w
17、ith the states and territories,or state-based institutions such as universities.The federal government has constitutional authority for the countrys foreign relations and defence,but Australias six states and two territories have wide-ranging powers,creating many potential points of intersection wit
18、h PRC entities.The grievance list:objected to foreign investment decisions,with acquisitions blocked on opaque national security grounds(several controversial cases involved potential sales or leases of state-or territory-owned critical infrastructure)protested the latest legislation to scrutinise a
19、greements aiming to torpedo the Victorian participation in the Belt and Road Initiative rejected the stigmatisation of the normal exchange and cooperation between China and Australia including the revoking of visas for Chinese scholars complained about the early dawn search and reckless seizure of C
20、hinese journalists homes and properties without any charges and giving explanations.The last of those charges related to June 2020 raids by the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation on the properties of a member of the New South Wales state legislature and,in addition,some PRC journalists.Th
21、e journalists were reportedly put onto flights for China on the same day as the raids2an act suggesting that they were engaged in espionage.This excellent study,edited by John Fitzgerald,Emeritus Professor and China scholar at the Swinburne University of Technology,explores the changing nature of PR
22、C engagement with Australian states and territories,local governments,city councils,universities,research organisations and non-government organisations nested in Australian civil society.What emerges is an astonishing breadth and depth of PRC engagement.Much of that contact,it should be stressed,is
23、 the welcome outcome of Australias economic and people-to-people engagement with China,developed over decades.But its equally apparent that the PRC has made covert attempts to influence some politicians and overt attempts to engage states,territories and key institutions in ways that challenge feder
24、al government prerogatives and have brought the two levels of government into sharp public dispute.viTaking the low road:Chinas influence in Australian states and territoriesWhile this book offers fascinating case studies of PRC engagement with Australian subnational entities,Chinas global reach mea
25、ns that many countries have had similar experiences.ASPI has been delighted to team with the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung(KAS)in this project.Under the then leadership of Dr Beatrice Gorawantschy,KASs Regional Program for Australia and the Pacific,based in Canberra,KAS was quick to become a sponsor for
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