德国智库-欧洲各国对中国的依赖:认知与现实(英).pdf
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1、Dependence in Europes Relations with ChinaWeighing Perceptions and RealityEdited by:John Seaman,Francesca Ghiretti,Lucas Erlbacher,Xiaoxue Martin and Miguel Otero-IglesiasA Report by the EuropeanThink-tank Network on China(ETNC)April 2022 Dependence in Europes Relations with China Weighing Perceptio
2、ns and Reality Edited by:John Seaman,Francesca Ghiretti,Lucas Erlbacher,Xiaoxue Martin and Miguel Otero-Iglesias European Think-tank Network on China(ETNC)Annual Report April 2022 April 2022 Dependence in Europes Relations with China ISBN:979-10-373-0527-5 All rights reserved French Institute of Int
3、ernational Relations(Ifri)Cover photo:S Cover and interior layout;copy-editing:Sharleen Lavergne(Ifri)Disclaimer:The views and analyses presented herein are those of the signed authors and do not represent the views of all members of ETNC,its participating institutions,nor the institutions with whic
4、h the authors are affiliated.Although the authors have used their best efforts,they assume no responsibility for any errors or omissions,nor any liability for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on information contained herein.3 Contents CONTRIBUTING INSTITUTIONS TO ETNC _ 5 LIST OF AUTHOR
5、S _ 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY _ 8 ABOUT THE EUROPEAN THINK-TANK NETWORK ON CHINA(ETNC)_ 10 INTRODUCTION:EUROPE DEBATES(OR DOESNT)ITS DEPENDENCE ON CHINA _ 12 EU:CHINA,A MAJOR DRIVER IN THE PUSH FOR GREATER RESILIENCE AND AUTONOMY _ 24 AUSTRIA:FROM THE CHINESE HOFFNUNGSMARKT TO EUROPEAN STRATEGIC DEPENDENC
6、E _ 41 BELGIUM:EXPLORING THE NON-DEBATE ABOUT DEPENDENCE ON CHINA WITH MAGRITTE _ 48 CZECH REPUBLIC:PENDULUM SWINGS TOWARD FREEZING TIES BASED ON OVERESTIMATED FEAR OF CHINA _ 56 CROATIA:A BRIDGE TOO FAR OR A SEA OF OPPORTUNITIES?_ 62 DEPARTMENT FOR ASIAN STUDIES,UNIVERSITY OF PULA,CROATIA _ 62 DENM
7、ARK:ENHANCED VIGILANCE IN COUNTERING POTENTIAL DEPENDENCIES ON CHINA _ 70 FINLAND:FEARS OF DEPENDENCE ON CHINA BURDEN GOOD RELATIONS WITH THE US _ 77 FRANCE:CHINA ONE CONCERN AMONG MANY IN THE DEBATE ON RESILIENCE AND STRATEGIC AUTONOMY _ 85 GERMANY:POLITICS TRYING TO BREAK FREE FROM THE NARRATIVE O
8、F ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE _ 94 ETNC Report 2022 Dependence in Europes Relations with China 4 GREECE:NO MEANINGFUL DEBATE ON DEPENDENCE ON CHINA _ 103 LATVIA:NO DIRECT DEPENDENCE,BUT A CASE OF BREAK-UP ANXIETY _ 109 LITHUANIA:ILLUSORY(IN)DEPENDENCE IN THE DIPLOMATIC SHOWDOWN WITH CHINA _ 114 THE NETHERLA
9、NDS:STILL ASSESSING DUTCH DEPENDENCE ON CHINA _ 121 POLAND:THE HIDDEN DEBATE ABOUT DEPENDENCE ON CHINA _ 128 PORTUGAL:THE“SOUNDS OF SILENCE”TO KEEP CHINA CLOSE ARE BASED ON MORE THAN DEPENDENCE _ 135 ROMANIA:THE NARRATIVE OF DEPENDENCE ON CHINA,IN LINE WITH EUROPEAN DISCOURSE AND ACTIONS _ 142 SPAIN
10、:A RECENT,CRISIS-LED PUBLIC DEBATE ON DEPENDENCE ON CHINA _ 150 SWEDEN:FREE TRADER WITH GROWING SECURITY CONCERNS _ 158 UK:VULNERABILITY OR POLITICS?“STRATEGIC DEPENDENCE”AND THE CHINA DEBATE _ 165 5 Contributing institutions to ETNC Coordinating Institutions French Institute of International Relati
11、ons(Ifri),France Elcano Royal Institute,Spain Mercator Institute for China Studies(MERICS),Germany Participating Institutions Austrian Institute for European and Security Policy(AIES),Austria Egmont Royal Institute for International Relations,Belgium Institute of International Relations(IIR),Czech R
12、epublic Danish Institute for International Studies(DIIS),Denmark Finnish Institute for International Affairs(FIIA),Finland Institute of International Economic Relations(IIER),Greece Corvinus University of Budapest,Hungary Istituto Affari Internazionali(IAI),Italy Latvian Institute of International A
13、ffairs(LIIA),Latvia The Netherlands Institute of International Relations,Clingendael,The Netherlands Norwegian Institute of International Affairs(NUPI),Norway Polish Institute of International Affairs(PISM),Poland University of Aveiro,Portugal Central European Institute of Asian Studies(CEIAS),Slova
14、kia Swedish National China Centre,Swedish Institute of International Affairs(UI),Sweden Swiss Forum on Foreign Policy(Foraus),Switzerland The Royal Institute of International Affairs,Chatham House,United Kingdom 7 List of authors Konstantinas ANDRIJAUSKAS,Institute of International Relations and Pol
15、itical Science(IIRPS),Vilnius University Ugo ARMANINI,Elcano Royal Institute Bernhard BARTSCH,Mercator Institute for China Studies(MERICS)Una Aleksandra BRZIA-ERENKOVA,Latvian Institute of International Affairs(LIIA)Viking BOHMAN,Swedish National China Centre Vincent BRUSSEE,Mercator Institute for C
16、hina Studies(MERICS)Lucas ERLBACHER,Austrian Institute for European and Security Policy(AIES)Mario ESTEBAN,Elcano Royal Institute Andreas B.FORSBY,Danish Institute for International Studies(DIIS)Rodolf FRST,Institute of International Relations(IIR)Jyrki KALLIO,Finnish Institute of International Affa
17、irs Tuuli KOIVU,Nordea Marie KRPATA,French Institute of International Relations(IFRI)Steven LANGENDONK,Leuven International and European Studies(LINES),KU Leuven Frida LINDBERG,Swedish National China Centre Paul LOUDIN,French Institute of International Relations(IFRI)Xiaoxue MARTIN,Clingendael Insti
18、tute Iulia Monica OEHLER-INCAI,Romania Barbara PONGRATZ,Mercator Institute for China Studies(MERICS)Carlos RODRIGUES,University of Aveiro Anu RUOKAMO,Finnish Institute of International Affairs John SEAMAN,French Institute of International Relations(IFRI)Tim SUMMERS,Chatham House Justyna SZCZUDLIK,Po
19、lish Institute of International Affairs(PISM)Plamen TONCHEV,Institute of International Economic Relations(IIER)Branimir VIDMAROVIC,Department for Asian Studies,University of Pula,Croatia 8 Executive summary For the eighth report since its inception in 2014,the European Think-tank Network on China(ET
20、NC)brings together analysis on 18 countries plus the European Union to examine how dependencies on China are presented in European public and policy-level debates,and how the notion shapes policymaking in each case.Indeed,the idea that Europe has grown dependent on China has become a common refrain
21、across the continent.The chapters that follow provide substance,and in some cases nuance,to these discussions,contributing a much-needed,“bottom-up”perspective on an intensifying European debate.A cross-cutting analysis of the chapters reveals that there is a broad diversity in the content and inten
22、sity of public debate and in the policy-level assessment and understanding of dependencies on China across Europe.In some countries,the issue is treated both as a significant concern in the public debate and a significant priority at the policymaking level.For others it is significant at one level b
23、ut not the other,and in still other countries there is a limited,or even lacking discussion on this topic,both among the general public and in policymaking debates.The concept of dependence is in many ways closely associated with Europes broader debate on building greater resilience,reinforcing sove
24、reignty and striving for a degree of(open)strategic autonomy.These debates are not associated exclusively,or even primarily with China.In many ways they are representative of a broader internal reflection of how Europe relates to the process of globalization,and how it sees its place in the world.In
25、 this context,managing relations with the United States,particularly as strategic rivalry between Washington and Beijing becomes ever more prevalent,is one primary concern.Another,more pressing concern for Europeans is dependencies on Russia,particularly considering Moscows war in Ukraine.Much of th
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