【2024年储能行业】商用落地路径:长时储能.docx
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1、Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Long Duration Energy StorageMarch | 2023This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or impli
2、ed, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privatelyowned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or servi
3、ce by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof.The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the Uni
4、ted States government or any agency thereof.Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Long Duration Energy StorageCommentsThe Department of Energy welcomes input and feedback on the contents of this Pathway to Commercial Liftoff. Please direct all inquiries and input to liftoffhq.doe.gov. Input and feedback s
5、hould not include business sensitive information, trade secrets, proprietary, or otherwise confidential information. Please note that input and feedback provided is subject to the Freedom of Information Act.AuthorsAuthors of the Long Duration Energy Storage Pathway to Commercial Liftoff:Office of Te
6、chnology Transitions: Katheryn (Kate) Scott, Stephen HendricksonOffice of Policy: Nicole RyanOffice of Clean Energy Demonstrations: Andrew Dawson, Kenneth KortOffice of Electricity: Benjamin Shrager, Vinod SiberryOffice of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Paul SpitsenArgonne National Laborato
7、ry: Sue Babinec, Patrick Balducci, Zhi ZhouCross-cutting Department of Energy leadership for the Pathways to Commercial Liftoff effort:Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations: David Crane, Kelly Cummins, Melissa KlembaraOffice of Technology Transitions: Vanessa Chan, Lucia TianLoan Programs Office: Ji
8、gar Shah, Jonah WagnerAcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge analytical support from Argonne National Laboratory and McKinsey & Company; as well as valuable guidance and input provided during the preparation of this Pathway to Commercial Liftoff from:Office of Clean Energy Demonstrati
9、ons: Catherine Clark, Caroline Grey, Jason Munster, Brian ODonnchadhaOffice of Technology Transitions: Marcos Gonzalez Harsha, Hannah Murdoch, James Fritz, Anna Siefken, Erik HadlandLoan Programs Office: Julie Kozeracki, Ramsey Fahs, Kevin Johnson, Carolyn Davidson, Leslie Rich, Christopher CreedOff
10、ice of Policy: Carla Frisch, Steve Capanna, Elke Hodson, Colin Cunliff, Ravahn Samati, Jay Vaingankar, Piper OKeefeOffice of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Alejandro Moreno, Courtney Grosvenor, Sam Baldwin, Paul Spitsen, Diane Bauer, Changwon Suh, Sam Bockenhauer, Matthew Bauer, Sunita Saty
11、apal, Heather Croteau, Lauren Boyd, Jeffrey Bowman, Sean Porse, Tien DuongOffice of Electricity: Gene Rodrigues, Eric HsiehOffice of the Secretary: Kate GordonOffice of Economic Impact and Diversity: Shalanda BakerOffice of Energy Jobs: Betony Jones, Christy VeederOffice of International Affairs: Ju
12、lie Cerqueira, Matt ManningOffice of the General Counsel: Avi Zevin, Brian Lally, Ami Grace-TardyOffice of Manufacturing and Energy Supply Chains: David Howell, Jake Ward, Mallory ClitesOffice of Science: Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Craig Henderson, John VertranoArgonne National Laboratory: Aymeric Rousse
13、au, Tom FanningTable of ContentsLDES Executive Summary1Chapter 1:Introduction and Objectives6Section 1.a: Objectives6Section 1.b: Approach and Methodology7Section 1.c: Source of Insight7Section 1.d: Scope/Definition7Section 1.e: Technology role8Chapter 2:Current State- LDES Technologies and Markets9
14、Section 2.a: Value Proposition9Section 2.b: Technology Landscape11Section 2.c: Use Cases15Section 2.d: Competitive Landscape16Section 2.e: Techno-economics21Chapter 3:Pathways to Commercial Scale23Section 3.a: Implied Capital Formation23Section 3.b: Broader Implications of LDES Scale-up24Chapter 4:C
15、hallenges to Commercialization and Potential Solutions28Section 4.a: Overview of Challenges and Considerations Along the Value Chain28Section 4.a.i: Overcoming Near-term Challenges to Improve Technology Performance and Costcurves30Section 4.a.ii: Lack of Market Mechanisms33Section 4.a.iii: Need for
16、Industrialization35Section 4.b: Potential Key Accelerating Actions39Chapter 5:Metrics and Milestones40Section 5.a: Explaining the KPIs40Section 5.b: Priority KPIs41Appendices42Appendix 1- Illustrative LDES Project Templates42Appendix 2- Project Templates Modeling Methodology52Appendix 3- External So
17、urces of Insight65Appendix 4- Power Modeling Assumptions66Appendix 5- Long-list of Market Mechanisms68Appendix 6- LDES Technology Types70Appendix 7- Long-list of KPIs72Appendix 8- Energy and Environmental Justice Concerns73References74LDES: Executive SummaryThese Pathways to Commercial Liftoff repor
18、ts aim to establish a common fact base and ongoing dialogue with the private sector around the path to commercial liftoff for critical clean energy technologies. Their goal is to catalyze more rapid and coordinated action across the full technology value chain.Introduction to LDESTo answer emerging
19、environmental and social challenges as well as meet the Biden administrations targets for 2050 Net Zero emissions and 100% carbon-pollution free electricity by 2035, the power sector will need to rapidly scale and transition.Currently, the power sector is responsible for one third of domestic emissi
20、ons. Successfully decarbonizing requires a transition away from uncontrolled fossil-fuels-based generation assets towards carbon-free power sources such as renewables(e.g., wind, solar) and nuclear. The power sector will need to simultaneously transition to new power sources and scale rapidly to mee
21、t new electrified downstream uses. As variable renewables cannot be turned on and off to meet peak demand in the same manner as fossil-fuels-based generation assets, the grid will need a new way of providing flexibility and reliability.New options, like Long Duration Energy Storage (LDES), will be k
22、ey to provide this flexibility and reliability in a future decarbonized power system. LDES includes a set of diverse technologies that share the goal of storing energy for long periods of time for future dispatch. The form of energy that is stored and released, as well as the duration of dispatch is
23、 highly variable across technologies.This report focuses on the application of LDES systems for electricity purposes (e.g., energy is stored and then dispatched in the form of electricity at a later time). To evaluate the commercial feasibility of LDES within the U.S., this effort consulted a wide r
24、ange of existing research1 and modeled a U.S.-power-sector decarbonization pathway with varied decarbonization and technical scenarios to assess LDESs role in the power sector and factors influencing LDES deployment pathways for electricity needs. The integrated modeling scenarios serve three purpos
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