2019年高考英语全国3卷分析.docx

12019 年高考英语全国年高考英语全国 III 卷真题解析卷真题解析试卷导航试卷导航语篇语篇话题话题体裁体裁词数词数难度难度阅读理解阅读理解 A 人与社会：演出介人与社会：演出介绍绍应用文应用文186+68=254易易阅读理解阅读理解 B 人与社会：中国文人与社会：中国文化及中国美学对国化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响际时尚的影响议论文议论文 283+118=401中中阅读理解阅读理解 C 人与社会：大众报人与社会：大众报纸的产生纸的产生说明文说明文297+99=396中中阅读理解阅读理解 D 人与自然：一项科人与自然：一项科学研究学研究猴子会猴子会算数算数说明文说明文314+114=428难难阅读七选五阅读七选五 人与社会：在线课人与社会：在线课堂沟通方法堂沟通方法 说明文说明文201+ 62 =263中中完形填空完形填空人与自然：挪威山人与自然：挪威山谷小镇谷小镇 Rjukan 迎迎来冬日第一束阳光来冬日第一束阳光记叙文记叙文256中中2语法填空语法填空人与社会：游玩经人与社会：游玩经历历记叙文记叙文182中中短文改错短文改错人与自我：开咖啡人与自我：开咖啡馆的梦想馆的梦想记叙文记叙文108中中书面表达书面表达人与社会：邀请英人与社会：邀请英国朋友参加音乐节国朋友参加音乐节应用文应用文100 (左右左右)中中试题解读试题解读第二部分第二部分 阅读理解阅读理解 (共两节，满分共两节，满分 40 分分)第一节第一节 (共共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，满分分，满分 30 分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳四个选项中，选出最佳选项。选项。AOPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAnimals out of paperYolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami (折纸术折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)3The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)On the Twentieth CenturyKristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie stars love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300.)421. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?A. A type of art.B. A teenagers studio.C. A great teacher. D. A group of animals.22. Who is the director of The Audience?A. Helen Mirren.B. Peter Morgan.C. Dylan Baker.D. Stephen Daldry.23. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?A. Animals Out of Paper.B. The Audience.C. Hamilton.D. On the Twentieth Century.语篇解读语篇解读关键词关键词opening, preview主旨概要主旨概要本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四场演出的主要内容，导演，时本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四场演出的主要内容，导演，时间和地点。间和地点。百科知识百科知识The Audience：女王召见女王召见是史蒂芬是史蒂芬 戴德利执导，海伦戴德利执导，海伦 米伦主演的戏剧电影。皇室与政府之间一直保持着被称作米伦主演的戏剧电影。皇室与政府之间一直保持着被称作“相相约星期二约星期二”的密谈，但谈话内容始终秘而不宣，影片对女王与的密谈，但谈话内容始终秘而不宣，影片对女王与12 位首相之间的密谈进行了想象性的呈现。位首相之间的密谈进行了想象性的呈现。5Hamilton：美国知名音乐剧：美国知名音乐剧汉密尔顿汉密尔顿严格遵照历史，讲严格遵照历史，讲述汉密尔顿政治生涯中的几件大事。亚历山大述汉密尔顿政治生涯中的几件大事。亚历山大··汉密尔顿汉密尔顿（Alexander Hamilton，1757 年年 1 月月 11 日日 - 1804 年年 7 月月 12日）是美国的开国元勋之一，也是美国的第一任财政部长。日）是美国的开国元勋之一，也是美国的第一任财政部长。Broadway：百老汇是纽约曼哈顿区一条大街的名称，现已成：百老汇是纽约曼哈顿区一条大街的名称，现已成为美国戏剧活动的代名词。为美国戏剧活动的代名词。原文出处原文出处Hamilton 部分的出处：部分的出处：https:/www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/theatre/hamilton-2语言知识语言知识重难点词重难点词present v 上演上演 (熟词生义：基本义熟词生义：基本义 “呈上呈上”，把影片呈现在大，把影片呈现在大众面前，即为众面前，即为“上演上演”) ；studio n 工作室；工作室；preview v 预演，预演，预告片；预告片； direct v 导演；导演； immigrant n 移民移民; musical n 音乐音乐剧；剧；producer n 制片人；制片人；cross-country adj 跨国的跨国的重难点词块重难点词块star in 主演主演; private meetings 私人会晤；私人会晤；musical comedy 音乐喜剧；音乐喜剧；in the course of 在在期间；期间； be presented as 以以呈现呈现长难句分析长难句分析Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. 句意为：林句意为：林 曼努尔曼努尔 米兰达写了这部关于米兰达写了这部关于6亚历山大亚历山大 汉密尔顿的音乐剧，该剧通过一个移民故事展现了汉密尔顿的音乐剧，该剧通过一个移民故事展现了美国的诞生。美国的诞生。in which 是非限制性定语从句，修饰是非限制性定语从句，修饰 this musical。答案与解析答案与解析21. A 事实细节题事实细节题 根据根据 Animals out of paper 及其中的第二句及其中的第二句 Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. 和小标题和小标题 Animals out of paper 可知，这个戏剧的内容是一种折纸艺术。可知，这个戏剧的内容是一种折纸艺术。22. D 事实细节题事实细节题 根据根据 The Audience 中第二句中第二句 Stephen Daldry directs.可可知答案。知答案。23. C 事实细节题事实细节题 根据根据 Hamilton 中第一句中第一句 Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. 可知，音乐剧可知，音乐剧 Hamilton 通过一个美国移民通过一个美国移民故事展示了美国的诞生。故事展示了美国的诞生。BFor Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.“Its no secret that China has always been a source (来源来源) of inspiration for designers,” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚时尚) shows.7Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York? 8A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.25. What does Hill say about Chinese women? A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.26. What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning from B. looking down onC. working withD. competing against27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends9语篇解读语篇解读关键词关键词Chinese Culture, fuel the fashion主旨概要主旨概要本文是一篇议论文，论述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚本文是一篇议论文，论述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。百科知识百科知识A+E Networks：美国：美国 A+E 电视网公司，由赫斯特集团电视网公司，由赫斯特集团 (Hearst) 和迪士尼美国广播公司和迪士尼美国广播公司 (Disney) 于于 1984 年在纽约年在纽约合资成立。合资成立。Amanda Hill：美国：美国 A+E 电视网公司的首席创意官电视网公司的首席创意官 (chief creative officer) 。Vera Wang：王薇薇，著名华裔设计师，：王薇薇，著名华裔设计师，Vera Wang 婚纱有婚纱有限公司创始人，号称限公司创始人，号称“婚纱女王婚纱女王”。Alexander Wang：王大仁，纽约最红最年轻的华裔设计师，：王大仁，纽约最红最年轻的华裔设计师，多次获得时装界大奖，拥有自己的时装品牌多次获得时装界大奖，拥有自己的时装品牌 Alexander Wang。Jason Wu：吴季刚，著名纽约华裔设计师，创立了自己的服：吴季刚，著名纽约华裔设计师，创立了自己的服装品牌装品牌 Jason Wu。Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs 均为时尚品牌。均为时尚品牌。原文出处原文出处选自美国杂志福布斯选自美国杂志福布斯 ForbesCustom 网站，网站，2015 年年 12 月月 14日名为日名为 Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends10的文章。的文章。https:/www.forbes.com/custom/2015/12/03/in-love-with-china/语言知识语言知识重难点词重难点词inspiration n 灵感灵感; creative n 创意；创意；home n 发源地发源地; alongside prep 与与一起；一起；explore vt 探索探索; fuel vt 熟词生熟词生义义 刺激，加强刺激，加强; attendance n 出席人数出席人数 (attend + -ance 构成构成名词名词)；mean vt 意味着；意味着；breathtaking adj 令人惊叹的；令人惊叹的；acknowledge vt 较正式较正式 承认；承认；promote vt 促进；促进；trend n 潮潮流流重难点词块重难点词块its no secret (that) 不算什么秘密；不算什么秘密；with the aim of 旨旨在在 / 目的是；目的是；record attendance 创纪录的出席人数；创纪录的出席人数；take on 与与较量；较量；beat sb hands down 不费力打败某人；不费力打败某人；no longer 不再；不再；in many senses 从很多意义上来讲；从很多意义上来讲；in many ways 在很多方面；在很多方面；aim to do sth 旨在做某事；旨在做某事；set the fashion 开创开创 / 引领时尚；引领时尚；compete against 与与竞争竞争长难句分析长难句分析 the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. 句句11意为：在纽约举办的意为：在纽约举办的 China Through A Looking Glass 展览展展览展出了出了 140 件以中国为灵感的时尚服装和中国艺术品，这个展件以中国为灵感的时尚服装和中国艺术品，这个展览旨在探索中国美学对西方时尚的影响，以及几个世纪以来览旨在探索中国美学对西方时尚的影响，以及几个世纪以来中国是如何刺激时尚想象力的。中国是如何刺激时尚想象力的。Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement. 句意为：中国模特是美丽和时尚运句意为：中国模特是美丽和时尚运动的代表，她们向全世界的女性推销梦想，这意味着中国女动的代表，她们向全世界的女性推销梦想，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者，她们也是时尚运动的核心。性不仅仅是时尚的消费者，她们也是时尚运动的核心。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子。引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子。 not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. 不仅是西方顶不仅是西方顶级的设计师正被中国影响着级的设计师正被中国影响着 一些当代最好的设计师自一些当代最好的设计师自己就是中国人。己就是中国人。not only 置于句首，连接两个并列分句时，置于句首，连接两个并列分句时，not only 所在的句子要用部分倒装语序。所在的句子要用部分倒装语序。写作句型写作句型Its no secret that China has always been a source of inspiration 12for designers it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.答案与解析答案与解析24. B 推理判断题推理判断题 根据根据 The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.可知，这次展览参观人数创造了可知，这次展览参观人数创造了纪录。故选纪录。故选 B 项，展览吸引了大量参观者。项，展览吸引了大量参观者。25. A 推理判断题推理判断题 根据第四段第二句根据第四段第二句 Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement 可知，可知，Hill 认为中认为中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者，她们也是时尚运动中的核心。故选国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者，她们也是时尚运动中的核心。故选 A 项，项，她们正在开创时尚。她们正在开创时尚。26. D 词义猜测题词义猜测题 根据第四段最后一句根据第四段最后一句 beating them hands down in design and sales 可知，可知，Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu 这些人在设这些人在设计和销售方面毫不费劲地打败了传统时尚大牌。故选计和销售方面毫不费劲地打败了传统时尚大牌。故选 D 项。项。27. D 主旨大意题主旨大意题 本文通过本文通过 Amanda Hill 的评论，论述了中国文化、中国的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此，艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此，“中中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。最能概括文章大意。13CBefore the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper” a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny usually two or three cents was charged and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.14This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures (企业企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.28. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic. B. Unattractive. C. Inexpensive. D. Confidential.29. What did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They would be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.30. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians. B. Common people.C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen.31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?15A. It was a difficult process.B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor.D. It was a disaster for printers.语篇解读语篇解读关键词关键词new trend of newspapers, penny paper, street sales主旨概要主旨概要本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着人类社会的发展，报本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着人类社会的发展，报纸从最初的小众消费品发展成为人人都能纸从最初的小众消费品发展成为人人都能“读得起读得起”的大的大众读物的发展过程。众读物的发展过程。百科知识百科知识便士报又称美分报，便士报又称美分报，19 世纪世纪 30 年代由年代由纽约太阳报纽约太阳报带头带头兴起于美国，它以货币的最小单位为报纸的售价，每份报兴起于美国，它以货币的最小单位为报纸的售价，每份报纸只卖一便士，而此前纽约所有报纸的单份售价都在纸只卖一便士，而此前纽约所有报纸的单份售价都在 6 美美分左右。分左右。19 世纪世纪 30 年代，随着美国年代，随着美国“杰克逊时代杰克逊时代”的到来，美国的的到来，美国的新闻业发生了天翻地覆的变化，其中最为突出的就是新兴新闻业发生了天翻地覆的变化，其中最为突出的就是新兴报刊报刊 便士报的出现，掀起了平等主义时代美国新闻业便士报的出现，掀起了平等主义时代美国新闻业的革命。便士报作为与传统精英报纸截然不同的新颖报纸，的革命。便士报作为与传统精英报纸截然不同的新颖报纸，其自身特点使其迅速融入民众生活。便士报的兴起给美国其自身特点使其迅速融入民众生活。便士报的兴起给美国16社会带来深远影响，推动了技术的运用革新，使媒体深入社会带来深远影响，推动了技术的运用革新，使媒体深入到日常生活中，更重要的是，便士报确立了报纸到日常生活中，更重要的是，便士报确立了报纸“第四权第四权力力”的地位，使其成为具有广泛影响力的一只独立力量。的地位，使其成为具有广泛影响力的一只独立力量。原文出处原文出处本文节选自图书本文节选自图书 The Golden Age of The Newspaper 的部分内的部分内容。容。语言知识语言知识重难点词重难点词forbidding adj 令人生畏的令人生畏的；accordingly adv 相应地，因此；相应地，因此；term n 词语，术语；词语，术语；overnight adv 突然，一夜之间；突然，一夜之间；purchase 正式用语正式用语 v 购买；购买；copy n (书、报纸等的书、报纸等的) 一本，一本，一册，一份；一册，一份；commonplace adj 普遍的；普遍的；daring adj 勇敢的，勇敢的，大胆的；大胆的；price v 给给定价定价重难点词块重难点词块annual subscriptions 年度订阅；年度订阅；appeal to 对对有吸引力；有吸引力；a mass audience 大众；大众；refer to 指的是；指的是；available to sb 某某人可得到的；人可得到的；catch sbs fancy 引起某人的兴趣；引起某人的兴趣；get the ball rolling 开始某事开始某事长难句分析长难句分析In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. 句意为：此外，大多数报纸中很句意为：此外，大多数报纸中很少有能吸引大众的内容。少有能吸引大众的内容。that 引导一个定语从句，修饰先引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词行词 little。The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper” a term 17referring to papers made widely available to the public. 句意句意为：当时的趋势是为：当时的趋势是“便士报便士报” 一个术语，指广泛向公一个术语，指广泛向公众提供的报纸。破折号后的部分对众提供的报纸。破折号后的部分对“penny paper”进行解进行解释说明。释说明。referring to 作后置定语修饰作后置定语修饰 a term，其中，其中made widely 作作 papers 的后置定语。的后置定语。写作句型写作句型It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.答案与解析答案与解析28. B 事实细节题事实细节题 根据第一段第四句和第五句根据第一段第四句和第五句 In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding.可知，当时的报纸并不吸引人。可知，当时的报纸并不吸引人。unattractive 可同义异可同义异构为文中的构为文中的 dull and visually forbidding。29. C 推理判断题推理判断题 根据第二段和第三段可知，