2022年深圳中考英语总复习主要句式 .pdf

学习必备欢迎下载一、 主 要 句 式(一) 知识概要分为以下五种：主语 +不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语，如： I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday. 主语 +及物动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主语 +系动词 +表语，如： Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be句型，表示存在某种事物， 如：There is a map on the wallbe 动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持 be 动词，不要换用have,如： There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点：用 and 连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而a singer and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。有些以s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如： The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。 有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如： This pair of glasses is goodMy glasses are broken. 有些形单却意为复数的名词，如：People are coming here这样的词还有Police，如果要讲一个警察时，应讲a policeman。 两个警察为two policemen。又如a policewoman, two policewomen所有不定代词each，either，neither，one，the other， nobody，nothing，anyone，anything，someone， something 要作为单数如：Someone is waiting for youand not only but also，neither nor，either or如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema 。 表示转折关系的并列连词有：but 和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didnt pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true表示选择关系的连词有：or， either or， 如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school表示因果关系的并列连词有：for， so 如：They studied very hard ， so they all passed the exam在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句 )两种，而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I knew that he was a good man这时宾语从句的连接词有that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如：I am sure (that) she has passed the examif, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用， 不起语法作用， 当作是否讲。 从句中有or not 结构时，要用whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunchI asks him whether he has had his lunch or notwhat 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如：I dont understand what you said(what 作 said 的宾语 )。又如：I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。who，它也和what 一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份， 如：I know who she is looking for? whose 如： I want to know whose book this is? which 如：Do you know which book is mine?4 个常用的连接副词， how 它的应用最广， 如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old 。如：How much does it cost? when 它只是连接时间状语，如：Please tell me when the meeting will begin? where 它连接地点状语，如：Where are you from? why 它要连接的是原因状语从句，如：The teacher asked why Tom didnt come to school. 语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态，如：I know he didnt come. 我知道他没来。I know he will come tomorrow我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London我知道他已去伦敦了。主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。 如： I wanted to know when he would comeThe teacher told me the earth moves around the sunafter， before， when， as， as soon as ， until (till) ， while，since， byuntil (till) 直到，在用until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句， 如： I studied hard until 12 oclock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句， 如： He didnt go to bed until his mother came backsince，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载for， by， before 来引导的时间状语从句。since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如： I have studied English since 而由by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term而 before 则多用于完成时，ago 则多用于一般过去时，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterdayI left my hometown two years ago在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：If it rains, they wont go to the parkon Sunday也可以主句是一般过去时， 从句用一般过去进行时，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park考试中常见的考点有： 要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如：I want to know if he will come here tomorrow在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如：I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrowbecause， 应译为 因为 。它表达的因果关系最强， 如： He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hardsince 应译为 既然 ，如： Since you were ill yesterdayI left some notes on your deskas 应译为 由于 ， 如： As it is too hot wed better go swimmingsince 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首， 如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college中有同级比较as as， 如： This book is as good as that one要注意的有两点： as as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。用形容词还是副词， 如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom而其否定句为not as (so) as， 如： They didnt work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加than, 如：He is younger than I am要注意的是表示越来越 这一概念时有两个句型：比较级and比较级， 如： The days are getting longer and longerThe little girl is becoming more and more beautiful定冠词the 比较级the 比较级，如：The harder you study, the more you can learn意的是 as (连词 )与 like ( 介词 )的区别。as 作为连词其后接从句，如：Please do it as I did it但后面的句子常作省略，如：Please do it as I而 like 是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如：Please do it like me状语从句主要有so that， so that， in order that 等几种用法。so thatso 形容词 a 名词 that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her或用such a 形容词 名词 that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用such， 如：It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic又如：They are such good players that they should win the game.在 much， many， few， little 之前只能用so， 如： I have so little money that I cant buy itso that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用such， 如： It is so good that I want to buyso that 其后接从句，如：I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus（二）正误辨析误The stories in that book was written many years ago正The stories in that book were written many years ago. 析作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词，它们往往要带有修饰词，这些词可能是形容词，也可能是短语，但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数，要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份，如：book 作了of 误To read many books are good for you正To read many books is good for you析不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。误What he said are right正What he said is right析从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。正The rich is not always happy误The rich are not always happy析形容词定冠词表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数，如：The young are very interested in study and sports误The school master and writer are coming正The school master and writer is coming析本句应译为：校长兼作家就要来了。而The school master and the writer are coming则要译为：校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有The girl and boy are playing on the grass这应译为：一个女孩，一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如：the husband and wife精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载误You or she go to get some water for us正You or she goes to get some water for us析由 or 连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有either or，neither nor， not only but also 也有人称作 就近原则 误The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom正The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom析真正的主语是the teacher， 而 with 误My glasses is broken正My glasses are broken误This pair of glasses are good正This pair of glasses is good误These kinds of butter is good.正These kinds of butter are good析英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如：glasses 眼镜，shorts 短裤等。如没有量词在前时，要用复数谓语误One of the boys are going to take part in the match正One of the boys is going to take part in the match析One of 结构应以one 来计算主语的数。误Half of the work are done正Half of the work is done误Half of the books is read正Half of the books are read析在小于 1 的数量词作主语时，如： ， of 名词，这时主语的数应按of 后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词要用单数，如名词是复数则要用复数谓语误Each sides are full of trees正Each side is full of trees误Both side is full of trees正Both sides are full of trees析each， either 其后都要加单数名词，而both 后要加复数名词。如：each， either， another， little ，a little ， much误The boys each has an apple正The boys each have an apple析each 误Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert正Every one of us has a ticket for the concert析everyone， someone， everybody 在作主语时都不能加of 结构。误Girls like dancing very much ， but few likes playing football正Girls like dancing very much ， but few like playing football析few 虽然含意上是 几乎没有 ，但作主语时仍要当作复误The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred正The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred析the number of 意为：某某的数字是如： the number of students 学生人数，the number of players 运动员人数。 不论数字如何都应看作单数。而 a number of 与 many 意思相同， 其后加可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。如：A number of students are playing on the grass误The rest of the students is here正The rest of the students are here误The rest of the work are done精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载正The rest of the work is done析the rest of 的用法与，一半，of 的结构一致，of 后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词，为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有lots of， a lot of， plenty of误The news in todays newspaper are not bad正The news in todays newspaper is not bad析有些以s 结尾的名词要用作不可数名词，它们是：news， physics， mathematics， thanks，误The Chinese is kind and friendly正The Chinese are kind and friendly析 Chinese 作为中文来讲是单数名词，但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。如： one Chinese， two Chinese 而 The Chinese The people of China 要用复数谓语动词。误This dictionary is too expensive for meTen dollars are a big sum for me 正This dictionary is too expensive for meTen dollars is a big sum for me 析误Who are going to take part in our football match? 正Who is going to take part in our football match? 析 用 who 提问时，习惯上用单数谓语动词，但 which 则要视其情况而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如：which is better this one or that one? 误What a hot weather it is! 误How hot the weather it is! 正What hot weather it is! 正How hot the weather is! 析感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由what 与 how 作句子的开始，判定是用what 还是用 how 的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句，比如： What the hot weather it is! 应转换为：It is the hot weather那么句子的起点是单词it。 再来看感叹句中it 前有不可数名词weather， 则只能用what。 再看第二句How hot the weather is! 转为陈述句时为：The weather is hotthe weather， 再来看感叹句在the weather 前只有形容词， 所以应用how。 至于是用what a 还是what 要看名词的具体情况而定，单数可数名词加 what a 其余的加用what误We have to sing this， have we? 误We have to sing this， havent we? 正We have to sing this, dont we?析在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外，有一些例外：Lets go home， shall we? Let us go home， will you?She had to leave， didnt she?Do your homework at once ， will you?There is not much good news in todays newspaper ， is there?Neither of them are right ， are they?I think he will come to the party wont he?think 后的宾语从句，与其他宾语从句不一样，在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语，其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词，而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定，如： I dont think he is coming to our party ， is he?误I want to know where does he live正I want to know where he lives析宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序，而不用疑问语序误- I havent got a ticket for the football match- Nor I have正- I havent got a ticket for the football match- Nor (Neither) have I精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载析nor， neither 用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so， 如：I do my homework very quickly ， So does Mary误Look! Here the bus comes! 正Look! Here comes the bus! 误Look! Here comes he! 正Look! Here he comes析在 there， here 打头的句子中，如果主语是名词，则要采用倒装语序；如果是人称代词则用一般语序。误Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No， I dont hope so正Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No， I hope not析我不这样想， 可用 I dont think so但 hope 的否定简答句只能用I hope not这是习惯用法。 但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的，如：I think so. I hope so误That is difficult for us to learn English well正It is difficult for us to learn English well析It 这里的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用it 而不能用 that， 如：I think it difficult to learn English wellit 在这句中是think （三）例题解析1There a pencilbox on the deskA .is B.are C. has D. have 答案A.析There be 句形中的be 动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定，如： There are two books and a pencil on the desk但却可以讲There is a pencil and two books on the desk2Could you tell me ?AMrs King where lives Bwhere does Mrs King live Cwhere Mrs King lives DMrs King lives where 答案C.析3Your brother came to see you， ?Adoes he Bdoesnt he Cdid he Ddidnt he 答案D.析前句是肯定句，后面反意疑问句要用否定句，同时came 为过去时态，所以应用didnt he4Its getting cloudy ， ?Adoes it Bdoesnt it Cis it Disnt it 答案D.析要区分 s 是 has 还是is， 这里由getting 得出 s 是 is5keep me waiting so longANot BWont CDont DNot to 答案C.析Dont 6Mr Green hasnt been to Beijing, ?Ahas he Bhasnt he Cdid he Ddidnt he 答案A.析此句has 7You have your lunch at school, ?Ahave you Bhavent you Cdo you Ddont you 答案D.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载析这里的have 是实意动词 吃8sunny day! Lets go out for a walkAHow a BHow CWhat a DWhat 答案C.析这个感叹句是个省略句，其真实的句子应为What a sunny day it is!9- Can you tell me ?- SureShes a nurseAwhere is your sister Bwhere your sister is Cwhat is your sister Dwhat your sister is 答案D.析who 问的是姓名，如：Who is he? He is Smith或 He is my fatherWhat 问的是职业，如：What is he? He is a teacher10John likes listening to the radio ， ?Adoes he Bdoesnt he Cdoesnt John Ddoes Johe 答案B.析11Neither you nor I on the teamAare Bwere Cam Dis 答案C.析由 neither nor 12delicious food! Id like some moreAwhat a BHow a CWhat DHow 答案C.析因 food 13there a cat under the chair?AAre BIs CHas DHave 答案B.析这是there be 14Could you tell me ?Awhen the train will arrive Bwhen the train arrived Cwhen did the train arrive Dwhen does the train arrives 答案A.析could 15- bad weather!- Yes， But its going to be fine soon ， I thinkAHow BWhat a CWhat an DWhat 答案D.析weather 16- Could you tell me ?- Yes， They to the libraryAwhere are the twins， have been Bwhere were the twins ， have been Cwhere the twins are， have gone Dwhere the twins were， have gone 答案C.析have been to 是去过什么地方，而现在回来了。have gone to 17Go and the TV quicklyThe volleyball match will begin right awayAturn off Bturn down Cturn up Dturn on 答案D.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载析这是个祈使句，它由and 连接两个动词。注意词组搭配的不同含义。18Lets go for some tea， ?Ashall we Bwill we Cdo we Ddont we 答案A.析Lets go ，shall we? Let us go ， will you? 这是两个特殊的反意疑问句。19Joans short， ?Awasnt she Bhasnt she Cisnt she Ddoesnt she 答案C.析在此句中应视 s 为 is，而不是has 或 was20I dont know to read the wordAwhich Bwhat Cwhose Dhow 答案D.析因不定式to read 中的read 是及物动词，已有自己的宾语the word， 所以应用疑问副词how21He didnt go to school ， he was illAfor Bbut Cand Dso 答案A.析这里是表示因果的关系，从句表示原因，所以用for，放于句尾，且常常前面有一个逗号。so 引起的是结果状语从句，如：He was only twelve ， so he couldnt join the army22The young woman can hardly ride a bike ， she?Adoesnt Bdoes Ccant Dcan 答案D.析hardly 23Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays， ?Adoes he Bdoesnt he Cisnt he Dis he 答案A.析never 24Mother said to him ， Dont on football Aspend too much time Bto spend too much time Cspend too many time Dto spend too many time 答案A.析time 作为 时间 讲为不可数名词，应用much 来修饰。当作 次数 讲是可数名词，如three times 三次，而 Dont 25Mr White ， together with some Japanese friends， visit our school this afternoonAare going to Bis going to Chave Dhas 答案B.析句子的主语是MrWhite， 而 together with 26There is little water in the glass ， ?Ais it Bis there Cisnt it Disnt there 答案B.析这是there be 句型的反意疑问句27Ampere was thinking about a maths problem ， ?Adidnt he Bwasnt he Cdid he Dis he 答案B.析28She had a good time yesterday， she ?Awasnt Bdidnt Chasnt Disnt 答案B.析had 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载29Well make for you in the front of the carAa room Broom Crooms Dsome rooms 答案B.析room 此处为不可数名词，意为地方，空间 30Neither she nor I to the Great wall beforeAhas gone Bhave gone Chave been Dhas been 答案C.析由 neither nor 31Help me collect these books ， ?Aare you Bwill you Cdo you Dshall you 答案B.析祈使句的反意疑问句应用will you ， 而 Lets go 例外，其反意疑问句为shall we? 32The number of deer， mountain lions and wild roses change much if people leave things as they areAdont Bdoesnt Cisnt Ddidnt 答案B.析the number of 为的数量、数目，所以谓语动词用单数形式。而a number of 要加复数名词，其谓33Shes had breakfast， ?Ais she Bisnt she Chasnt she Dhas she 答案C.析这里的 s应视为has34I wonder Awhose bicycle is it Bit is whose bicycleCis it whose bicycle Dwhose bicycle it is 答案D.析wonder 35It is good for us morning exercisesAdo Bto do Cdid Ddone 答案B.析这里的it 是形式主语，而真正的主语是不定式to do 36Peter has sports very often， ?Adoes， Peter Bdoesnt he Cdoesnt Peter Ddoes he 答案