2022年深圳中考英语总复习主要句式 .pdf
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1、学习必备欢迎下载一、 主 要 句 式(一) 知识概要分为以下五种:主语 +不及物动词。如:I arrived at six last night. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语,如: I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday. 主语 +及物动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语,如:Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语,如:I found it impossible to
2、 do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主语 +系动词 +表语,如: Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be句型,表示存在某种事物, 如:There is a map on the wallbe 动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持 be 动词,不要换用have,如: There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。
3、要注意的有如下几点:用 and 连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式,如:A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而a singer and a dancer 则要译为:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。有些以s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数,如: The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。 有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如: This pair of glasses is goodMy glasses are broken. 有些形单却意为复数的
4、名词,如:People are coming here这样的词还有Police,如果要讲一个警察时,应讲a policeman。 两个警察为two policemen。又如a policewoman, two policewomen所有不定代词each,either,neither,one,the other, nobody,nothing,anyone,anything,someone, something 要作为单数如:Someone is waiting for youand not only but also,neither nor,either or如: My sister and
5、my parents are going to the cinema 。 表示转折关系的并列连词有:but 和 yet, 如: She is a good student, but she didnt pass the final exam. 又如: I think the news is strange, yet it is true表示选择关系的连词有:or, either or, 如: Hurry up, or you will be late for school表示因果关系的并列连词有:for, so 如:They studied very hard , so they all pa
6、ssed the exam在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句 )两种,而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述,为了使同学阅读文章方便,我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如: I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如: I knew that he was a good man这时宾语从句的连接词有that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用,不在句中充当语法成分,既不是主语也不是宾语,所以在口语中常常被省略。如:I am sure (that) she has passed the exa
7、mif, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用, 不起语法作用, 当作是否讲。 从句中有or not 结构时,要用whether, 如: I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunchI asks him whether he has had his lunch or notwhat 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外,还要作主语或宾语成份,如:I dont understand what you said(what 作 said 的宾语 )。又如:I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。who,
8、它也和what 一样,在句中除作连接词外,可以充当句中的成份, 如:I know who she is looking for? whose 如: I want to know whose book this is? which 如:Do you know which book is mine?4 个常用的连接副词, how 它的应用最广, 如: how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old 。如:How much does it cost? when 它只是连接时间状语,如:Please tell me when the meeting wi
9、ll begin? where 它连接地点状语,如:Where are you from? why 它要连接的是原因状语从句,如:The teacher asked why Tom didnt come to school. 语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态,如:I know he didnt come. 我知道他没来。I know he will come tomorrow我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London我知道他已去伦敦了。主句中的谓语动词若是过去时,宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一
10、种。比如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时,不能用现在时态。 如: I wanted to know when he would comeThe teacher told me the earth moves around the sunafter, before, when, as, as soon as , until (till) , while,since, byuntil (till) 直到,在用until 表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句, 如: I studied hard unti
11、l 12 oclock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句, 如: He didnt go to bed until his mother came backsince,精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载for, by, before 来引导的时间状语从句。since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如: I have studied English since 而由by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如: I had learned 25 English songs
12、 by the end of last term而 before 则多用于完成时,ago 则多用于一般过去时,如: He had finished his work before twelve yesterdayI left my hometown two years ago在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如:If it rains, they wont go to the parkon Sunday也可以主句是一般过去时, 从句用一般过去进行时,如: He said if it rained the next day he woul
13、d not go to the park考试中常见的考点有: 要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如:I want to know if he will come here tomorrow在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系,如:I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrowbecause, 应译为 因为 。它表达的因果关系最强, 如: He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hardsince 应译为 既然 ,如: Since yo
14、u were ill yesterdayI left some notes on your deskas 应译为 由于 , 如: As it is too hot wed better go swimmingsince 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首, 如: He studies hard, for he wants to go to college中有同级比较as as, 如: This book is as good as that one要注意的有两点: as as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。用形容词还是副词, 如:
15、Mary writes as carefully as Tom而其否定句为not as (so) as, 如: They didnt work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加than, 如:He is younger than I am要注意的是表示越来越 这一概念时有两个句型:比较级and比较级, 如: The days are getting longer and longerThe little girl is becoming more and more beautiful定冠词the 比较级the 比较级,如:The harder you study,
16、the more you can learn意的是 as (连词 )与 like ( 介词 )的区别。as 作为连词其后接从句,如:Please do it as I did it但后面的句子常作省略,如:Please do it as I而 like 是介词,其后要接的是宾语,如:Please do it like me状语从句主要有so that, so that, in order that 等几种用法。so thatso 形容词 a 名词 that,如: She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her或用such a 形容词 名词
17、that, 如: She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用such, 如:It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic又如:They are such good players that they should win the game.在 much, many, few, little 之前只能用so, 如: I have so little money that I cant buy itso that 之间只有形容词时,则不能用such
18、, 如: It is so good that I want to buyso that 其后接从句,如:I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus(二)正误辨析误The stories in that book was written many years ago正The stories in that book were written many years ago. 析作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词,它们往往要带有修饰词,这些词可能是形容词,也可能是短语,但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数,要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句
19、中作两个不同的语法成份,如:book 作了of 误To read many books are good for you正To read many books is good for you析不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。误What he said are right正What he said is right析从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。正The rich is not always happy误The rich are not always happy析形容词定冠词表示一类人,谓语动词应用复数,如:The young are very interested in study and s
20、ports误The school master and writer are coming正The school master and writer is coming析本句应译为:校长兼作家就要来了。而The school master and the writer are coming则要译为:校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有The girl and boy are playing on the grass这应译为:一个女孩,一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如:the husband and wife精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
21、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载误You or she go to get some water for us正You or she goes to get some water for us析由 or 连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有either or,neither nor, not only but also 也有人称作 就近原则 误The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom正The teacher with a lot of studen
22、ts comes into the classroom析真正的主语是the teacher, 而 with 误My glasses is broken正My glasses are broken误This pair of glasses are good正This pair of glasses is good误These kinds of butter is good.正These kinds of butter are good析英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如:glasses 眼镜,shorts 短裤等。如没有量词在前时,要用复数谓语误One of the boys are going t
23、o take part in the match正One of the boys is going to take part in the match析One of 结构应以one 来计算主语的数。误Half of the work are done正Half of the work is done误Half of the books is read正Half of the books are read析在小于 1 的数量词作主语时,如: , of 名词,这时主语的数应按of 后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数,则谓语动词要用单数,如名词是复数则要用复数谓语误Each side
24、s are full of trees正Each side is full of trees误Both side is full of trees正Both sides are full of trees析each, either 其后都要加单数名词,而both 后要加复数名词。如:each, either, another, little ,a little , much误The boys each has an apple正The boys each have an apple析each 误Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert正Every
25、one of us has a ticket for the concert析everyone, someone, everybody 在作主语时都不能加of 结构。误Girls like dancing very much , but few likes playing football正Girls like dancing very much , but few like playing football析few 虽然含意上是 几乎没有 ,但作主语时仍要当作复误The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred正The num
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