2019高考英语一轮选训习题Unit3Inventorsandinventions含解析新人教版选修8.doc

选修8Unit 3 Inventors and inventions李仕才.阅读理解Two of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only ” moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a computer, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.I dont only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. Its equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you”. When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldnt be there. But then I thought about the fact that hes 84 years old and I realized that I shouldnt give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality(可能发生的事). And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that Im doing the right thing. Im buying myself peace of mind and thats the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.1.Which of the following is an example of the “extra minute” rule ?A. Start the car the moment everyone is seated.B. Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.C. Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.D. Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.2.The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to _.A. keep her appointment with the eye doctorB. meet her father who was already an old manC. join in the holiday celebration of the companyD. finish her work before the deadline approaching3.The underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 is closed in meaning to “_”.A. abandonedB. lackedC. avoidedD. wasted4.What is the best title for the passage ?A. The Emotional Well-beingB. The Two Saddest WordsC. The Most Useful RuleD. The Peace of Mind【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲解的是作者对于最悲哀的两个单词if only 的理解及看法。1.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an if only moment,”可知，“extra minute”指的是“在发生意外之前防患于未然”，D项（在一个东西绊倒某人之前将它拿走）符合。故选D。3.A 【解析】猜测词义题。根据foregone 所在句子“We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say I love you or I forgive you.”中的lost及regretted 可知此词与opportunity 搭配翻译成“放弃机会”，故选A。4.B 【解析】标题判断题。根据第一段第一句话“Two of the saddest words in the English language are if only.”及文章大意，可知本文主要针对最悲哀的两个单词if only 展开话题进行讲解，故选B。二、完形填空It impressed me a lot.I never thought that little help will _1_ out to be the most satisfying thing I have ever done.He was tired，and _2_ to climb further.With a broad _3_，he asked if I could help him with some money.He was paralyzed(瘫痪) in both legs and was _4_ funds for some operation.He said that if operated successfully，he could _5_ a training guaranteeing him a job.I was full of _6_ and even asked him to show his legs.I gave him the _7_ money.After a few days，he again came at my doorstep asking for more money for accommodation.This time I was more or less _8_ he was not cheating me.I gave him some and said，“This is all I have.”A year went by and I had moved to a(n) _9_ place.One fine day I got a call from an unknown number.Caller called out his name but I didn't _10_ him.Then he said he was the very paralyzed person I helped a year ago.I asked him how he was doing.He said，“What sir, you recognize me not by my name but by my _11_ state.”“With your kind help I am now able to _12_ on my legs without support.I was operated _13_.I am married to a beautiful lady and have a stable _14_.”I don't _15_ remember if I gave him my phone number._16_，what he said next was touching.He said he wanted to return my money so that I didn't feel cheated and would continue to help people _17_ in the future.I don't know whether he read my facial expression the day I helped him but tears were _18_ down my face.That day I promised him I would continue to help people as I saw a(n) _19_small or big._20_ a life­changed event of my life.1A.send BbreakCbring Dturn2A.struggling BsubstitutingCplaying Dwalking3A.look BsmileCview Dwhisper4A.finding BraisingCseeking Dearning5A.pretend BintendCattend Dtend6A.interests BmindsCworries Ddoubts7A.remaining BleftChiding Dforgotten8A.informed BpreparedCconvinced Doutspoken9A.new BoldCsystematic Dbad10A.remind BrecognizeCreplace Drepeat11A.excited BmessedCdisabled Dstressed12A.live BbaseCfocus Dstand13A.successfully BsurprisinglyChopefully Dnaturally14A.reason BpromiseCcharacter Djob15A.also BevenCalready Donly16A.Therefore BOtherwiseCHowever DMeanwhile17A.in need Bin placeCin favor Din advance18A.bringing BputtingCrunning Dpulling19A.behavior BcaseCaccident Dopportunity20A.Strangely BTrulyCGenerally DOriginally【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一次无意间的帮助改变了一位瘫痪者的一生。这件事也改变了作者的人生，让他决定继续帮助那些有困难的人。1D考查动词短语辨析。此处指作者从未想过一个小小的帮助最后竟成为他曾做过的最令自己满意的一件事。四个选项都能与out组成固定短语。turn out意为“结果是，最后成为”，符合语境。send out意为“发出”；break out意为“爆发”；bring out意为“生产，出版”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。2A考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“paralyzed (瘫痪)”可知，他瘫痪了，所以此处应指他努力往前爬。A项意为“努力，挣扎”，符合语境。B项意为“替换”；C项意为“玩”；D项意为“走”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。3B考查名词辨析。根据前面的“broad”可知，此处应指他咧嘴微笑着。B项意为“微笑”，符合语境。A项意为“表情”；C项意为“观点”；D项意为“耳语”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。4B考查动词辨析。根据上句中的“help him with some money”可知，此处应指他在筹集手术资金。B项意为“筹集”，符合语境。A项意为“找到”；C项意为“寻找”；D项意为“挣得”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。5C考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处应指如果手术成功了，他就能参加能让他得到一份工作的培训。C项意为“参加”，符合语境。A项意为“假装”；B项意为“打算”；D项意为“往往会”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。6D考查名词辨析。根据本句中的“even asked him to show his legs”可知，作者要求看看他的腿，所以对他所说的话应该是充满了怀疑。D项意为“怀疑”，符合语境。A项意为“兴趣”；B项意为“思想”；C项意为“担心”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。7A考查形容词辨析。此处指作者把手上剩余的钱都给了他。A项意为“剩余的”，符合语境。B项意为“剩下的”，不作前置定语；C项意为“隐藏的”；D项意为“被遗忘的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。8C考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“he was not cheating me”和下句中的“gave him some”可知，作者给了他一些钱，有几分确信他并没有骗自己。C项意为“确信的，信服的”，符合语境。A项意为“见多识广的”；B项意为“准备好的”；D项意为“坦率的，直言不讳的”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。9A考查形容词辨析。根据上文的“moved to”及下文作者接到一个陌生电话可知，作者搬到了一个新地方。A项意为“新的”，符合语境。B项意为“旧的”；C项意为“系统化的”；D项意为“坏的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。10B考查动词辨析。根据本句中的转折连词“but”及下文中的“you recognize me not by my name”可知，打电话的人报出了自己的名字，但作者并没有认出他来。B项意为“认出”，符合语境。A项意为“提醒”；C项意为“代替”；D项意为“重复”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。11C考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“Then he said he was the very paralyzed person”可知，作者不是通过他的名字而是通过他瘫痪的情况认出了他。C项意为“残疾的”，符合语境。A项意为“兴奋的”；B项意为“混乱的”；D项意为“有压力的”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。12D考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“without support”可知，此处指他不需要支架就可以自己站起来。D项意为“站立，站起来”，符合语境。live意为“居住”；base意为“基于”；focus意为“关注”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。13A考查副词辨析。根据上一句可知，他现在能够站起来，所以手术成功了。A项意为“成功地”，符合语境。B项意为“令人惊奇地”；C项意为“有希望地”；D项意为“自然地”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。14D考查名词辨析。根据常识及上文中提到的“guaranteeing him a job”可推断出，他结婚了，还有了一份稳定的工作。D项意为“工作”，符合语境。A项意为“理由”；B项意为“允诺”；C项意为“性格”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。15B考查副词辨析。根据语境及上文中的“A year went by”可知，此处指作者甚至不记得是否给过他电话号码。B项意为“甚至”，符合语境。故答案选B。16C考查副词辨析。根据上下文语境可知，作者甚至不记得是否给过他电话号码，但是他接下来说的话却令人感动。C项意为“然而”，表示转折，符合语境。A项意为“因此”；B项意为“否则”；D项意为“与此同时”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。17A考查短语辨析。根据语境可知，这位曾经瘫痪的人想将钱还给作者，这样作者就不会感觉到自己被骗从而以后可以放心去帮助那些有困难的人。A项意为“在危难中的”，符合语境。B项意为“在适当的位置”；C项不是短语；D项意为“提前”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。18C考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处是指眼泪流过作者的脸庞。四个选项都能与down组成短语。run down意为“往下流”，符合语境。bring down意为“降低，打倒”；put down意为“镇压，记下”；pull down意为“拉下来，摧毁”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。19D考查名词辨析。根据语境及本句中的“small or big”可知，此处表示只要有机会，无论大小，作者都会继续帮助他人。D项意为“机会”，符合语境。A项意为“行为”； B项意为“事例”；C项意为“事故”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。20B考查副词辨析。根据全文内容以及第一段第一句可知，此处与第一句相呼应，指的是这的确是改变了作者一生的事情。B项意为“确实，的确”，符合语境。A项意为“奇怪地”；C项意为“大体上地”；D项意为“起初”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。三、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2018·福州四校联考)Your phone is running low on power while you are waiting to fly out of an airport.Then you discover a public USB charging area close by. _1_ Then you take a deep breath and sit back, happy to get the power for free.What could go wrong? Plenty.In addition to providing an electrical current, phone charging cords can send and receive data. That free USB charging hub at an airport, hotel or any other public place may not only charge your phone. _2_ The USB charging hub could be connecting to your phone and copying your contact list, email and text messages, voice mail, photographs and videos. It can also copy passwords, banking information and any other information stored on your phone.If you want to charge your phone while traveling, you have other choices that do not increase your risks.Connect your phone only to electrical outlets so data transfer is not possible. _3_ It is better to use a distant wall outlet than a nearby USB charging hub.Carry an extra, fully­charged battery. Having one means you can charge your phone without having to worry about carrying a special cord or finding a power outlet. _4_If you must use a public USB charging center, be sure to turn off your phone completely._5_ But it will reduce the chances of it happening, depending on what phone you have.ARemember to fully charge your phone before you leave home or work.BIt also could be transferring information to and from the device.CThe public USB charging hub may even download programs to your phone.DThis may or may not prevent data transfer.EYou can charge your phone with the extra battery wherever you are.FAn available outlet may not be as near as a USB charging hub, but the few extra steps may keep your information safe.GYou quickly reach for a charge cord and connect your phone to the charging hub.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在飞机场候机时，给处于低电状态的手机安全充电的方法。1G上文说你会发现附近有一个公共的USB充电区域，空处下文提到你深吸一口气，舒服地坐好，为免费充电而高兴。所以空处应表示你把手机连接到充电口进行充电，故选G项“你很快拿到一根充电线，并把你的手机连接到充电中心”。2B上文说机场、酒店或其他公共场所的免费USB充电中心，不仅可以给你的手机充电，再结合空后一句可知，空处应表示USB充电中心的其他作用。B项提到它还可以把信息传入或输出设备，前后语义衔接，故选B。且B项中的also与空前一句中的not only相呼应。3F根据空处所在段的内容可知，本段推荐使用距离稍远的墙上的电源插座，而不用邻近的USB充电中心，这样可以保证手机信息的安全。F项说一个可用的墙上的电源插座可能不像USB充电中心那么近，但是多走几步可以保证你的信息安全，前后逻辑关系紧密，故选F。4E本段的主旨是携带一个额外的，充满电的电池，而E项说无论你在哪里，你都可以用这个额外的电池给手机充电，为具体描述，故选E。5D上文提到如果必须使用USB充电中心充电，确保将手机彻底关机。下文说但这将减少发生这种情况的机会。故D项“这可能会阻止数据传输，也可能不会”符合语境。D项中的This指代关机这个行为，故选D。四、短文改错Our life today has many problems. One of the biggest problems are pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It killed our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us to talk louder and become angry more easy. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution, what is bad for living things in the world. We need to do a lot of thing to fight pollution. Factories must clean our waste water before it thrown away. We can't throw waste things on the ground. We can go to work by bus and with our friends in a same car. Everybody must help to fight pollution.【答案】Our life today has many problems. One of the biggest problems ar pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kille our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more eas. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution, wha is bad for living things in the world. We need to do a lot of thin to fight pollution. Factories must clean ou waste water before it thrown away. We can't throw waste things on the ground. We can go to work by bus an with our friends in same car. Everybody must help to fight pollution.第一处：are改为is。考查主谓一致。主语one of the biggest problems是单数，谓语动词用单数。第二处：killed改为kills。考查动词时态。由and和pollutes可知，应用一般现在时态，因此用kills。第三处：to去掉。考查非谓语动词。make作使役动词时，后接省略to的不定式作宾补。第四处：easy改为easily。考查副词。副词修饰系动词become。第五处：what改为which。考查定语从句。这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，which指代前面的air pollution。第六处：thing改为things。考查名词。a lot of在这里修饰可数名词，故用thing的复数形式。第七处：our改为their/the。考查代词。本句Factories must clean.中主语的是第三人称，所以water也应改被their修饰。同时，the waste water也可以指工厂的废水。第八处：thrown前加is。考查被动语态。废水与排放是被动关系，故用被动词态。第九处：and改为or。考查连词。本句讲的是我们上班可以选用两种方式中的一种，所以用or表选择关系，而and表示两者都使用，不合理。第十处：a改为the。考查冠词。同一辆车，用the same car。 9