2019高中英语 Unit 8 Adventure Section Ⅱ Language Points (Ⅰ) (Warm-up.doc

1SectionSection LanguageLanguage PointsPoints ()() (Warm­up(Warm­up & & LessonLesson 1)1)语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1 1Passengers are reminded not to leave their luggage(行李) unattended.2 2The absolute altitude(海拔) of our place is just 100 metres，which can never compare with that of the Tibetan Plateau.3 3People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress.4 4You may have noticed that the sun on a winter's afternoon is low on the horizon(地平线)5 5I'm afraid we'll have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems remaining to be settled.6 6Justin is writing a book about his adventures(奇遇) in Tibet.I hope he can find a good publisher when it is finished.7 7We're looking forward to the holidays when we'll be travelling on camels through the Sahara Desert8 8The lack of eco­friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.9 9The bad news made us more anxious for the matter.1010They made maximum(最多的) use of the resources available.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1 1desert n沙漠；荒原deserted adj.废弃的；被遗弃的2 2organise vt.组织；安排organisation n团体，组织，机构3 3comfort vt.安慰；慰藉comfortable adj.舒服的；舒适的uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不自在的4 4accommodate vt.提供住宿，使适应accommodation n住所，住处5 5anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的anxiety n担心；焦虑.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1 1go down 下降；落下2 2as well as 也；和一样好3 3right away 立刻；马上4 4feel anxious 感到焦虑25 5take off 起飞6 6on the horizon 在地平线上；迫近的7 7look for 寻找8 8think about 考虑.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1 1We all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon footprint.2 2You don't look well.You'd better go and see a doctor right away3 3The plane is taking off4 4We can now see the light of dawn on the horizon5 5The old people as well as the children like this film.寻规律、巧记忆n.­edadj.asas复合短语bearded 有胡子的mooned 新月形的 waisted 腰状的as far as 就而言；远到as long as 只要；和一样长as good as 和几乎一样.经典句式仿写1 1WhileWhile onon a a hikinghiking triptrip，our cooks prepare delicious meals.在徒步旅行过程中，厨师会备好美味的食物。记句式结构状语从句省略仿写促落实遇到麻烦时，我总是找同学帮忙。When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to my classmates for help.2 2And our porters carry your luggage，whichwhich meansmeans thatthat youyou cancan simplysimply enjoyenjoy thethe experienceexperience.有搬运工为你搬运行李，这意味着你能尽情享受旅行。记句式结构which 引导非限定性定语从句仿写促落实玛丽错过了最后一班公交，使得她上课迟到。Mary missed the last bus，which let her late for the class3 3The hike costs 2，500 includingincluding allall flightsflights andand accommodationaccommodation.旅行费用为 2 500 英镑，其中包括所有机票和食宿。记句式结构现在分词作定语仿写促落实他们修了一条通往山里的公路。They built a high way leading into the mountains3核 心 要 点 探 究tiringtiring adj.adj.令人疲劳的(教材 P21)Yes，but I think that travelling around for weeks would be quite tiringtiring.是的，但我想四处旅行数个星期会很疲劳。tired adj. 累的be tired from/with 由于而累be tired of 厌倦My eyes were tired from reading(read) in a poor light.因在不良的光线下阅读，我的眼睛很疲劳。I am not really tired of being a teacher，but I am actually tired from it.我不厌烦当老师，但是当老师确实使我很累。asas wellwell asas 不但而且；和一样；又，也(教材 P22)AsAs wellwell asas the group guide，all teams have cooks and porters.所有的登山队都配有厨师、搬运工和向导。(1)as well as 是并列连词，意为“不仅而且，既又” ，用于连接两个并列的成分。(2)A as well as B 的意思是“不但 B，而且 A” ，其重点在前者，而不是在后者；而 not only A but also B 则强调后者，意为“不但 A，而且 B” 。(3)as well as 连接两个动词不定式时如果第一个带 to，第二个就不带 to。(4)as well as 连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与前面的那个名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。He can speak English asas wellwell asas I do.他说英语说得和我一样好。He gave me notnot onlyonly advice butbut alsoalso some books.他不仅给我提了些建议，而且还给了我一些书。The teacher，as well as the students，has seen(see) the film.老师，还有学生都看过这部电影。(教材 P22)WhileWhile onon a a hikinghiking triptrip，ourour cookscooks prepareprepare deliciousdelicious meals.meals.在徒步旅行过程中，厨师会准备好美味的食品。【要点提炼】 While on a hiking trip 为状语从句的省略。在 when，while，unless，if 等引导的状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是 it，且谓语含有 be 动词时，可省略从句的主语及 be 动词。4常见的结构：(1)连词主句现在分词 过去分词 介词短语 名词/代词/形容词(2)在 if it is possible，when it is necessary 等类似结构中，it is 常可省略。IfIf (itit isis) possiblepossible，I would change my lifestyle.如果可能的话，我将会改变我的生活方式。You must attend the meeting unless inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便，否则你必须出席这次会议。If accepted(accept) for the job，you'll be informed soon.如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你将会很快接到通知。preferprefer vt.vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)(教材 P22)For people who preferprefer to spend some time on the coast，we can organise your travel and accommodation too.对于想在海边停留些日子的人，我们也可以为你安排旅程和食宿。prefer doing/to do sth. 更喜欢做某事prefer(doing)A to(doing)B 比起(做)B 更喜欢(做)Aprefer to do A rather than(to)do B 宁愿做 A 也不做 B(rather than 位于句首时，其后的 to 必须去掉)prefer sb.to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事prefer that.宁愿(从句谓语用“should动词原形” ，should 可省去)Most people preferprefer trains toto buses.大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐公共汽车。I prefer writing a term paper to taking(take) an examination.我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。He prefers to rent(rent) one rather than(to)buy a car of his own.(Rather than buy a car of his own，he prefers to rent one.)他宁愿租一辆车，也不愿买一辆属于自己的。名师点津 英语表达中还有很多固定的结构表示“喜欢” 、 “宁愿也不” ，如 would like to do.，feel like(doing)sth.，would do.rather than do.(would rather do.than do.)等。differdiffer vi.vi.不同；相异5(教材 P23)How do the tourists differdiffer from local people?旅行的人和当地的人有什么不同？(1)differ from 不同于；和不同differ in 在方面不同(2)difference n. 不同；区别make a difference 有差别，有影响tell the difference between A and B 分清 A 和 B(3)different adj. 不同的be different from.in. 在方面与不同The specific expression of anger also differsdiffers fromfrom person toto person based on biological and cultural forces.基于生物和文化的影响，愤怒的特定表情也因人而异。They differ widely in their opinions.他们的意见分歧很大。There are many differences(differ)between living in the city and living in the country.住在城市和住在乡下有很多不同之处。anxiousanxious adj.adj.不安的；渴望的(非正式)；使人焦虑或担心的(教材 P23)From that moment they started to feel anxiousanxious and they slept badly that night.从那时起，他们开始感到担心，并且那天晚上他们睡得很不好。(1)be anxious about 为担心/忧虑be anxious for sth. 渴望某事be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事be anxious for sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事be anxious that sb.(should)do sth. 渴望某人做某事(2)anxiety n. 忧虑，担忧with anxiety 焦虑地Jack still can't help beingbeing anxiousanxious aboutabout his job interview.杰克还是不由自主地担心他的工作面试。Peggy is anxious to show(show) that she can cope with extra responsibility.佩吉急切地想表明她能承担额外的责任。He was anxious that they (should) have(have) all they want.6他渴望他们拥有所有想要的东西。taketake offoff 起飞；脱下(衣服)；休息；移去；休假；受欢迎等(教材 P116)I've been on planes lots of times and it always feels great，especially when you taketake off!off!我曾经坐过很多次飞机，那种感觉好极了，特别是在起飞的时候！写出下列句子中 taketake offoff 的含义He tooktook offoff at once and headed for the hotel.匆匆离去；走开They tooktook offoff their hats to show their respect for the volunteers.脱下；摘掉She tooktook two days offoff (work)休假；请假On a clear day we can distinguish the letters on the airlines as they taketake offoff.起飞take down写下；拆除take over 接替；接收take after 与相像take away 带走；拿走take back 带回；收回take in 吸收；留宿；欺骗；领会take up 学着做，开始做；占用；继续take on 呈现；反抗In his easy­going character，Tom seems to take after his father.汤姆随和的性格看起来像他的父亲。Please take away all the things you do not need any more.请把所有你不再需要的东西拿走。majormajor adj.adj.较重要的；较严重的(教材 P116)The presenter went round the world visiting all the majormajor capitals.节目主持人走遍世界参观了所有的重要的首都。(1)major vi.主修；专攻 n主修课程；专业学生；成年人major in. 主修；专攻major on. 专门研究(2)majority n. 大多数in the majority 占多数I decided to major in French.我决定主修法语。He believes that his supporters are in the majority.7他相信支持他的人占多数。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1 1E­mail，as well as telephones，is playing(play) an important part in daily communication.2 2In that school，English is compulsory (必修的) for all students，but French and Russian are optional(option)3 3He fell asleep while studying(study) his grammar.4 4He had no option but to go(go) out.5 5The accident happened when his writing career really took off6 6Why were you so late?I had a hard time hiking(hike) here this morning.7 7I prefer visiting temples to going to the beach.8 8Old English differs from the English we speak now.9 9The accommodation(accommodate) in the town is satisfactory.1010When he was deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating and sleeping.单句改错1 1Mr.Lee said he would major on history.onin2 2I am always tiring when I come home from work.tiringtired3 3He as well as I am satisfied with the result.amis4 4He was anxious that she could meet his family.couldshould5 5He prefers to stay at home rather than going to the movies.goinggo.完成句子1 1我一边看杂志，一边等。While waiting，I was reading some magazines.2 2第一次乘坐飞机，我感觉有些紧张。(anxious)The first time I traveled by air，I felt anxious3 3他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true4 4队长和其他队员都很累。The captain as well as the other players was too tired5 5双方都渴望能尽快签署协议。Both sides were anxious that the agreement should be signed as quickly as 8possible.动词先观察原句后自主感悟You are thinkingthinking aboutabout how far there is to go.It lookslooks great.A few minutes later，you arrivearrive at the camp.They knowknow all the best routes and best places to camp.We also thinkthink that good travel arrangements are important.While on a hiking trip，our cooks prepareprepare delicious meals.1.1.句中的 think 用于进行时态，为动作动词；句中的 think 表达心理和情感的变化，为状态动词。2.2.句中的 look 表示感官感觉的动作，为状态动词。句中的arrive，句中的 prepare 表示动作活动，为动作动词。 精要点拨精要点拨 英语动词按其是否可以用于进行时态的语义特征，分为动作动词和状态动词。大量的动词是表示动作的，可以用于进行时态。有一些动词是表示状态的，不能用于进行时态。还有不少动词，兼有动作与状态两种特性，而其含义是不同的。一、动作动词1 1延续性动词表示延续性动作的动词有work，drink，eat，read，write，walk，run，play，talk，carry，fly，watch 等，该类动词用一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的动作；用现在进行时表示目前或者现在正在进行的动作。He readsreads English in the garden at 5：30 every morning.他每天早晨 5 点半都在花园里读英语。He isis watchingwatching a football match on TV.他正在看电视上的足球赛。2 2非延续性动词表示短暂性动作的动词有 break，open，close，join，jump，hit，knock 等，该类动词用非进行时态表示一次动作；若用进行时态则表示此短暂动作的多次重复。短暂性动词又称非延续性动词，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。She jumpedjumped up into the chair.9她跳起来坐到椅子上。Listen！Someone isis knockingknocking at the front door.听！有人在敲前门。3 3表示转变或移动的动词表示转变或者移动的动词有 arrive，change，come，go，leave，start，land 等，该类动词用一般现在时表示按时间表或者日程安排的将来；用现在进行时表示按计划、打算的将来。The train leavesleaves at nine.火车 9 点离开。My uncle isis comingcoming.我舅舅就要来了。即时训练 1 单句语法填空1 1He always takes(take) a walk after supper.2 2The coat matches(match) the dress.3 3I am leaving(leave) tonight.I've got my ticket.二、状态动词状态动词表示非活动性的静止状态，不用于进行时态。但有些状态动词如果转义成为动作动词，又可以用于进行时态。状态动词还可分为：1 1表示感觉、感知的动词表示感觉、感知的动词有 feel，see，taste，smell，hear，sound，seem 等。The old man doesn't hear very well.那位老人听觉不太好。The meat tastes delicious.这肉味道真好。2 2表示心理状态、喜好的动词表示心理状态、喜好的动词有understand，think，suppose，believe，know，want，forget，remember，hate，admire，fear，care，like，prefer，regret，hope，object 等。He does not believe in Howard's honesty.他不相信霍华德为人真诚。I think it would make her feel better.我想它会使她觉得好受些。3 3表示拥有或者所属等关系的动词或动词词组表示拥有或者所属等关系的动词或动词词组有 belong to，consist of，contain，cost，include，involve，lack，have，matter，need，want，possess，measure 等。As is known to all，Taiwan belongs to China.10众所周知，台湾属于中国。The team consists of 10 members.这个小组由 10 名成员组成。即时训练 2 单句语法填空1 1The cloth feels(feel) good，but it washes(wash) well.2 2I own this company，so it belongs(belong) to me.三、动作动词与状态动词的区别1 1动作动词可用于进行时态，而状态动词却不可。这是这两种动词最根本的区别。John is writing to his father.约翰正在给他的父亲写信。John resembles his father.约翰长得像他的父亲。名师点津 有些动词可兼作两类动词，但意思不同，如动词 hold 的句子主语是人，作“握住、举行”讲，是个动作动词；句子主语是处所，则作“容纳”讲，是个状态动词。The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly atmosphere.这两个国家的最高领导人正在友好的氛围中进行会谈。The concert hall can hold 2，000 people.这个音乐厅可容纳 2 000 人。2 2有些状态动词可以充当动作动词，用于进行时态，表示委婉的口气。I'm wondering if you can tell me the password.我不知你可否告诉我密码是什么。3 3在现代英语中，有越来越多地使用进行时态的趋势，包括状态动词用于进行时态，表示“惊讶、责备、抱怨、批评”等感情色彩。Why are you always complaining？你怎么总是抱怨？4 4动作动词大多可用于祈使句，状态动词则不可。Keep the house clean and tidy！保持房子整齐清洁！ 应用落实应用落实 .单句语法填空1 1Look at the plane! How high it is flying(fly)!2 2This book includes(include) 10 chapters.3 3The girl saw(see) a black dog beside the door when she arrived at her uncle's.4 4It was snowing(snow) when we got on the train.5 5On Monday mornings it usually takes(take) me an hour to drive to work 11although the actual distance is only 20 miles.6 6Hurry up，kids! The school bus is waiting(wait) for us!7 7The house he is living in belongs(belong) to his brother.8 8This bike costs(cost) him 200 dollars.9 9It seems(seem) that you are right in some ways.1010Jane has been married to(marry) Harry for a long time.单句改错1 1Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I have left my book in the cafe.havehad2 2You'd better write down her phone number before you forgets it.forgetsforget3 3We were left very early so we packed the night before.leftleaving 4 4A Midsummer Night's Dream opened at the Theatre Royal on 19th June and then tours throughout Scotland.openedopens5 5Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out of.We must act immediately before there's none left.去掉 of