商务英语名词分析解释.doc

''1. Budget 预算 an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2. Return 回报 the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3. Portfolio 证券投资组合 the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4. Royalty 专利税 money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.5. Patent 专利权 a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.6. Non-tariff barrier 非贸易壁垒 all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.7. Franchise 经销权 an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.8.Purchasing power 购买力 of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.9. PPP 购买力平价 purchasing power parity10. tariff 关税 tax levied by the customs11.barriers to trade 贸易壁垒 any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.12.primary commodities 初级产品 those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materials13.drawback 退税 duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re- exported14.specific duties 从量税 duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods15.ad valorem duties 从价税 duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods16.carriage 运费 the price or cost of transportation''17.voluntary offer 主动发盘 an offer made on the initiative of the offerer18.contracting parties 缔约方 signatories of an agreement19.force majeure 不可抗力 social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party20.firm offer 持盘 an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer21.offeree 受要约人 the party to whom an offer is made22.hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀 soaring of prices beyond control23.inflation 通货膨胀 rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.24.protectionism 贸易保护主义 the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed on competitive imports25.bilateral 双边的 of two sides26.bundling 捆绑式销售 the exchange of goods or services are tied together27.creditors 债权人 a person to whom one owns money28.debtor 债务人 a person who owes money29.default 违约 fail to carry out an obligation30.draft 汇票 an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money31.remittance 汇款 the sending of money or the money sent32.drawer 出票人 the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter33.drawee 受票人 the person to whom a draft is drawn34.credit-worthiness 资信 being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment35.applicant of an L/C 出口信用证 the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C36.beneficiary 受益人 the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export''37.confirming bank 保兑行 the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C38.reimburse 退款 pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent39.clean credit 光票信用证 a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment40.sight credit 即期信用证 a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft41.middleman 中间商 trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer42.consignee 收货人 the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped43.shipping marks 唛头 what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation44.insurance policy 保险单 a document used for covering possible risks45.title 抬头 right to the possession of a position or property46.insured 被保险人 a person covered by an insurance policy47.premium 保险费 the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract48.potential loss 潜在损失 loss which is possible to incur49.claim 索赔 a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy50.margin 利润 amount above what is estimated as necessary51.underwriter 保险公司 a person who carries on insurance as a business52.invoice 发票 a document for the general description of the goods and the price53.compensation 赔偿金 something given or received as an equivalent for loss54.pooling 联营 a combination of funds formed for common advantage55.multi-modal transportation 多式联运 transport that combines road, rail, sea and air56.redeem 兑换 to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock''57.settlement 结算 the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc58.exchange rate 汇率 the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency59.money circulation 货币流通 money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services60.devaluation 货币贬值 the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies61.reserve 储备金 money held aside to meet future demand62.investment 投资 the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns63.quota 配额 a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity64.VER 自动出口限制 an agreement by a countrys exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country65.intellectual property 知识产权 certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy- right66.tax holiday 免税期 a period of time during which tax is not levied67.joint venture 合资企业 a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms68.gilts 金边债券 stocks issued by government69.cost-effective 成本效益好 producing optimum results for the expenditure70.anti-dumping 反倾销 one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured71.mandate 授权 authority given to perform a duty72.contracting party 缔约国 a country or firm that signs a legal agreement73.Visible trade 有形贸易 : The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale ''in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)74.Invisible trade 无形贸易 : The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.75.FDI( foreign direct investments) is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.76.Portfolio investment 证券投资 : Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.77.Bonds 债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.78.Licensing 许可经营 : In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.79.Franchising 特许经营 : a firm called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.80.Franchiser 特许方 : A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.81.Franchisee 被特许方 : A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.82.GNP 国民生产总值 : Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.83.GDP 国内生产总值 : Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.84.Per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值 : It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.85.Income distribution 收入分布 : The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.86.Free trade area 自由贸易区 : The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy87.Customs union 关税同盟 : The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy''88.Common market 共同市场 : The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.89.Economic Union (EU)经济同盟 : The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.90.Parent MNC headquarter 跨国公司母公司，总部 is the original investing multinational corporation . It is also the international headquarters of the MNE .91.Home county 母国 : The country where the headquarter of the investor is located.92.Host country 东道国 : The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates.93.Absolute advantage 绝对利益 : It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)100.Comparative advantage 比较利益 : Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.1.International trade 国际贸易 : The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.2.Import duties 进口关税 : Tariffs levied on goods entering an area3.Export duties 出口关税 : Taxes levied on goods leaving an area4.Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment 最惠国待遇 : A tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country5.Inquiry / enquiry 询盘、询价 : It is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.6.Quotation 报盘 : Estimate of how much something will cost7.Counter offer 还盘: New offer made by the original offeree to the original offerer8.inflation : Rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc9.Barter 易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.''10.Counter purchase 反向购买、互购贸易: The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.11.Buyback 回购贸易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.12.Remittance 汇付: This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each other13.Documentary draft 跟单汇票: The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.14.Documentary collection 跟单托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.15.Sight draft 即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.16.Usance draft 远期汇票 Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.17.Draft 汇票:= Bill of exchange . It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.18.bill of exchange 汇票 written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment19.Applicant (Opener or Principal)申请人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)20.applicant of an L/C :The importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C21.Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)开证行: The bank that issues the credit.22.Opening bank: the bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank .23.Beneficiary 受益人 :The exporter in whose favor the credit is opened24.Correspondent band 往来行、关系行 :The bank in the exporters country, which the opening bank sends the credit to it''25.Advising bank 通知行: The bank in the exporters country, which advises the exporter the L/C, is received.26.Confirming bank 保兑行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.27.Paying bank 付款行: The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.28.Negotiating bank 议付行: The bank buys the exporters draft submitted to it under a credit.29.The documentary credit 跟单信用证: The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.30.Revocable credit 可撤消信用证: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.31.Irrevocable credit 不可撤消信用证 : The credit that can not be amended or revoked without the consent of al the parties concerned.32.Confirmed credit 保兑信用证: The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank33.Unconfirmed credit 不保兑信用 ：The credit isnt confirmed by another bank34.Sight credit 即期信用证: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft35.usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)远期信用证: The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight.36.Transferable credit 可转让信用证: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.37.Non-transferable credit 不可转让信用证: The credit can not be transferred.38.Non-draft credit 无汇票信用证: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.39.Revolving credit 循环信用证: The credit stipulated that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.40.Commercial invoice 商业发票: The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price. 41.Legal holder 合法持有人 is an owner of a property who is entitled to it by law''42.Packing list 装箱单: The documents gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.43.Straight bill of lading 记名提单: It is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.44.Common carrier 公共承运人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.45.Contract carrier 契约承运人: Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company).46.Insured 被保险人，保户: The pers