2018年中考英语试题分项版解析汇编（第03期）专题10阅读理解（任务型阅读）（含解析）.pdf

阅读理解（任务型阅读）1.【2018年浙江省金华】阅读下面短文，根据文中信息完成一张海报。每空限填三词Do in g Cl ean Ex er cis eWhen y o u go fo r a r u n o u t s ide,chan ces ar e t hat y o u，11 fin d l it t er al l ar o u n d y o u.Do y o u ju s tgo p as t it,o r do y o u s t o p an d p ick it u p?If y o u cho o s e t he s eco n d,y o u，r e p ar t o f t he l at es tp o p u l ar s p o r t in t he Wes t:p l o ggin g.T he w o r d“l o ggin g“is t he S w edis h p hr as e“p l o ck a u p p”（p ick u p）an d t he En gl is hw o r d“Jo ggin gv（r u n n in g s l o w l y）p u t t o get her.What a p l o gger n eeds is a r u bbis h bag an d a p air o f gl o v es t o p r o t ect y o u r han ds.Whil e co l l ect in gr u bbis h,l o gger s l ear n t o cl as s ify （分类）an d deal w it h it co r r ect l y,t o o.Pl o ggin g s eems s imp l e bu t it do es a l o t o f go o d t o bo t h t he en v ir o n men t an d y o u r heal t h.It cann o t o n l y mak e t he w o r l d gr een er,bu t al s o get y o u fu l l bo dy ex er cis e,Fo r ex amp l e,a 30-min u t el o ggin g bu r n s ar o u n d 288 cal o r ies （卡路里）,co mp ar ed t o 235 cal o r ies bu r n ed fr o m ju s t jo ggin g.S o n ex t t ime y o u go o u t jo ggin g,w hy n o t car r y a r u bbis h bag an d co l l ect s o me l it t er al o n g t hew ay?Yo u r bo dy an d t he en v ir o n men t w il l t han k y o u.Let,s go 56!T he l at es t p o p u l ar s p o r t!Ju s t n eed 57 an d a p air o f gl o v es!Co r r ect l y cl as s ify an d 58 t he r u bbis h!It，s s imp l e bu t hel p fu l t o 59 an d y o u r bo dy!Mak e t he w o r l d 60 an d y o u r s el f a l o t heal t hier!Jo in u s n o w!T he w o r l d s ay s T HANK YOU!【答案】56.p l o ggin g/do in g cl ean ex er cis e57.a r u bbis h bag58.deal w it h59.t he en v ir o n men t60.gr een er/mo r e beau t ifu l【解析】文章介绍了一种新型的健身跑步方式。在外出健身跑步的同时，随身带上垃圾袋，沿途捡垃圾。这种新型的慢跑方式简单易行，既美化了环境又锻炼了身体。5 6.短文的标题Doing”C：ean”三 xerc.做清洁:运动，是作者所倡导的一种健身与保护环境与一体的新型慢跑方式。结合第一段中的句子If you choose the second,you re part of the latest popular sport:n the West:p：oggmg：可知，如果选怪停下来捡垃圾，就是现在西方一种最新流行的慢跑方式，故答案为ploggmg doing clean exercise057.根据文中句子“What a p l o gger n eeds is a r u bbis h bag an d a p air o f gl o v es t o p r o t ect y o u rhan ds.”一个慢跑者需要的是一个垃圾袋和一双用来保护手的手套。故答案为a r u bbis h bag。5 8.根据文中句子“Whil e co l l ect in g r u bbis h,l o gger s l ear n t o cl as s ify (分类)an d deal w it h itco r r ect l y,t o o.”可知，在收集垃圾的同时，跑步者也学会正确分类和处理垃圾。故答案为deal w it h。59.根据文中句子“Pl o ggin g s eems s imp l e bu t it do es a l o t o f go o d t o bo t h t he en v ir o n men t an dy o u r heal t h.可知，这种新型的慢跑方式简单易行，既美化了环境又锻炼了身体，故答案为.t heen v ir o n men t o60.根据文中句子“It can n o t o n l y mak e t he w o r l d gr een er,bu t al s o get y o u fu l l bo dy ex er cis e.它不仅能让世界更绿，还能让你全身锻炼。故答案为gr een er。2.【2018年甘肃省白银】阅读下面的文章并按要求完成1至5小题。Ro o t Veget abl esWo u l d y o u l ik e t o eat a r o o t?Yo u p r o babl y al r eady hav e.Peo p l e an d an imal s eat man y k in dso f r o o t s.Mo s t r o o t s t hat p eo p l e eat ar e u s u al l y cal l ed r o o t v eget abl es.A r o o t v eget abl e isw hat w e cal 1 v eggies t hat gr o w u n der gr o u n d.A car r o t is o n e t y p e o f r o o t v eget abl e.It is t he o r an ge,edibl e r o o t o f t he car r o t p l an t.t o,man y,in,l ik e,p eo p l e,s al ad,p u t,it(.)A t u r n ip ,is an o t her r o o t v eget abl e.It isa member o f t he cabbage famil y.T u r n ip s ar e u s u al l y eat en bo il ed,s t eamed,r o as t ed,fr ied,p ick l ed,o r ev en r aw.Al t ho u gh s o me p eo p l e do n o t co n s ider p o t at o es t o be a v eggie,bu t t hey ar e a r o o t v eget abl e.Peo p l e l ik e t o eat t hem mas hed,bo il ed,an d fr ied.S w eet p o t at o es,y ams,beet s,an d l eek s ar es o me o t her r o o t v eget abl es t hat p eo p l e l ik e t o eat.6 6.将文中处画线句子翻译为汉语。67.将文中处画线单词连词成句，标点符号已在括号内给出。68.文中处画线句子有一处错误，改正并抄写。69.What is t his s t o r y mo s t l y abo u t?70.What,is a r o o t v eget abl e?【答案】6 6.人们所食用的大部分根菜通常被叫做根菜类蔬菜。（答案符合本意即可酌情给分）67.Man y p eo p l e l ik e t o p u t it in s al ad.68.Al t ho u gh s o me p eo p l e do n o t co n s ider p o t at o es t o be a v eggie,t hey ar e a r o o t v eget abl e.69.Ro o t v eget abl es p eo p l e e a t.（答案符合本意即可酌情给分）70.A r o o t v eget abl e is w hat w e cal l v eggies t hat gr o w u n der gr o u n d.（答案符合本意即可酌情给分）【解析】文章介绍了根茎类蔬菜。66.根据 Mo s t r o o t s t hat p eo p l e eat 这是定语从句结构，先行词是Mo s t r o o t s,弓|导词 t h a t 在从句中作宾语；a r e u s u a lly ca lled通常被叫做；故答案是：人们所食用的大部分根菜通常被叫做根菜类蔬菜。67.根据所给词，可知句意是：许多人喜欢把它放在沙拉里。li ke t o do 喜欢做某事；p u t -i n 把-放到 里面；故答案是 Ma n y p eo p le li ke t o p u t i t i n s a la d.68.根据 根t h o u g h 和 bu t 不能连用；故答案是 案t h o u g h s o m e p eo p le do n o t co n s i der p o t a t o es t o be av eg g i e,t h ey a r e a r o o t v eg et a ble.69 .根据文章介绍了根茎类蔬菜。故答案是Ro o t v eg et a bles p eo p le ea t.70 .根据 A r o o t v eg et a ble i s w h a t w e ca ll v eg g i es t h a t g r o w u n der g r o u n d.根菜就是长在地下的菜；故答案是 A r o o t v eg et a ble i s w h a t w e ca ll v eg g i es t h a t g r o w u n der g r o u n d.3.1 2 0 1 8年河北省中考】阅读短文，并按要求完成66-70 题。A r t i f i ci a l i n t elli g en ce（A I）（人工智能）i s g r o w i n g r a p i dly.W e a r e li v i n g i n a w o r ld t h a tdep en ds m o r e a n d m o r e o n A I.A I i s a g r o u p o f t ech n o lo g i es t h a t h elp m a ch i n es g et,u n der s t a n da n d u s e i n f o r m a t i o n t o do t a s ks.A I s r ecen t dev elo p m en t s h a v e g o t a lo t o f s o ci a l a t t en t i o n.So m e p eo p le h a v e w elco m ed A lbeca u s e i t m a kes t h i n g s p o s s i ble.F o r ex a m p le,A l w i ll h a v e a bi g i n f lu en ce o n a r ea s li ke m edi ci n ea n d en g i n eer i n g.B u t t h i s a t t en t i o n h a s a ls o p r o du ced a lo t o f f ea r.E s p eci a lly,m a n y w o r ker sa r e w o r r y i n g t h a t A I co u ld m a ke t h em lo s e t h ei r jo bs.A cco r di n g t o a r ecen t s t u dy,n ea r ly f i v e p er cen t o f jo bs w i ll di s a p p ea r beca u s e o f A I.In s o m ei n du s t r i es,A I i s a lr ea dy do i n g t h e w o r k t h a t p eo p le u s ed t o do,s u ch a s a s s em bli n g （装 酉 己）ca r s,digging the coal and lifting goods.Self-driving cars and trucks controlled by AI will also takeaway the driver s jobs in the future.O n the other hand,AI will also create many new jobs for people.M ore people will be neededto write programmers for AI systems（系统）and they will set up and work on them,too.M eanwhile,jobs that require feelings,excellent communication skills with people will not be replaced（取代）by AI.These includes jobs in fields like teaching,nursing and personal training.AI is here.It is changing how people live and work in many ways.That makes AI importantto watch,not to fear.66、67题完成句子；68题简略回答问题；69题找出并写下第二段的主题句；70题将问中画线句子译成汉语。36.AI is that help machines to do tasks.37.controlled by AI may make the drivers lose their jobs.38.What will AI create for people?39.40.【答案】36.a group of technologies37.Cars and trucks.38.M any new jobs.39.AI s recent developments have got a lot of social attention.40.它在许多方面改变着人们的生活和工作方式。【解析】试题分析：这篇说明文介绍了人工智能系统，它是帮助机器获取、理解和使用信息来完成任务的一组技术，会为人们创造许多新的工作机会，也在很多方面改变着人们的生活和工作方式。36.句意：人工智能是帮助机器获取、理解和使用信息来完成任务的一组技术。考查细节理解题。根据第一段结尾 AI is a group of technologies that help machines get,understand and use information todo tasks.,可知填 a group of technologieso37.句意:由人工智能控制可能会使司机失去工作。考查细节理解题。根据Self-driving cars andtrucks controlled by AI will also take away the driver,s jobs in the future.,可知填 Cars andtrucks,o38.句 意:AI会为人们创造什么？考查细节理解题。根据O n the other hand,Al will also create manyn ew jo bs f o r p eo p le.,可知填 Ma n y n ew jo bs,o3 9 .根据第二段第一句 A I s r ecen t dev elo p m en t s h a v e g o t a lo t o f s o ci a l a t t en t i o n.,结合全段内容，可知填 A I s r ecen t dev elo p m en t s h a v e g o t a lo t o f s o ci a l a t t en t i o n.o4 0 .It i s ch a n g i n g它在改变着；h o w p eo p le li v e a n d w o r k人们如何生活和工作；i n m a n y w a y s在许多方面。根据句意结构，可知填：它在许多方面改变着人们的生活和工作方式。点睛：阅读短文回答问题。即根据文章的表层意思进行深层次的推理判断，组织语言填充句子或回答问题。首先要粗读文章了解大意，其次通过细读，理解全文。在粗读的基础上，仔细阅读题后所给的题目，根据题目要求，再有重点地返回来仔细阅读。在阅读时要注意辨认和记忆具体事实和重要情节，包括事物的起因、过程、结果及发生的地点、时间等，这对题目的判断至关重要，需要考生综合所有的细节来理解把握。4.【201 8年湖南省郴州市中考】回答问题阅读短文，然后根据短文内容简要回答问题。Once a k ing got two nice fal cons（猎鹰）from his son.H e had never seen such beautiful fal consbefore.H e l oved them so much and he ordered the best fal coner to train them to fl y.A fter several months,the k ing came to see how the training was going on.H e found that onefal con had al ready been abl e to fl y high in the sk y,whil e the other one was staying on the branch（树枝）of a tree quietl y without moving.The k ing cal l ed al l his fal coners together and ordered them to try every way they coul d to mak eit fl y.B ut none of them succeeded.One day,whil e the k ing was tak ing a wal k in the forest,an idea came to his mind.H e decided to find someone who k new the natural environment wel l tosol ve the probl em.Then he sent for a farmer who l ived in the forest into his pal ace to trainit at once.The next morning,the k ing saw the other fal con fl ying above in the sk y freel y.I t is unbel ievabl e!，zshouted the k ing.H ow coul d you mak e it happen?”The farmer repl ied,I t s very easy.I just cut off the branch where the fal con rested.I t is al ways the same to humans.We al l have“two fl ying wings in our hearts as wel l,but we oftenseem not to notice them and stay where we feel safe and comfortabl e.We won t real ize we can fl yso high and freel y until the branch we are resting on break s.36.Where did the k ing get the fal cons?37.Why did the k ing ask the farmer to train the fal con?38.What did the farmer do to mak e the fal con fl y?39.What do you think of the farmer?40.To reach high,can we stay where we feel safe and comfortabl e?【答案】36.F rom his son37.B ecause he l ived in the forest and k new the natural environment wel l.38.H e cut off the branch where the fal con rested39.H e is cl ever40.No,we can t【解析】文章讲述了国王的两个猎感，一个能飞向空中，另一个只是在树枝上，给他训鹰的都没办法，后来他找来一个在森林里生活的男人来给他训鹿，第二天，鹿就飞向了高空，他很惊奇，农民说，很简单，我只是砍掉了它停留的树枝。3 6.根据Once a k ing got two nice fal cons(猎鹰)from his son.可知从他儿子那里得到的；故答案是F rom his son37.根据 H e decided to find someone who k new the natural environment wel l to sol ve the probl em.可知因为他住在森林里，了解自然环境；故答案是B ecause he l ived in the forest and k new the naturalenvironment wel l.38.根据 The farmer repl ied,I t s very easy.1 just cut off the branch where the fal con rested.”可知他只是砍掉了它停留的树枝；故答案是H e cut off the branch where the fal con rested3 9.根据别人不能解决的问题，他很容易解决了，说明他是聪明的；故答案是H e is cl ever40.根据 two fl ying wings in our hearts as wel l,but we often seem not to notice them and staywhere we feel safe and comfortabl e.We won，t real ize we can fl y so high and freel y until the branch”we are resting on break s.可知为了飞的更高，我们不能呆在安全舒适的地方；故答案是No,we can t5.201 8年湖南省衡阳市中考】阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容判断正误。正确的用(T),错误的用(F)oOnce upon a time,there was a tree which wanted to become a treasure box.One day,a farmer cutit down and sol d it to a carpenter(木匠).The tree was happy because he thought the carpenterwoul d mak e it into a treasure box.To its surprise,the carpenter made it into a feed box for animal s.The tree fel t very disappointedbecause that was not its dream.Several years l ater,the feed box was thrown away.Someone pick edit up and pl aced it into an ol d templ e.The tree forgot its dream l ittl e by l ittl e.One day,a coupl e came to the templ e.The woman gave birth to a baby boy.There wasn t a bedin the templ e.So they pl aced the baby in the feed box.They l oved him and regarded him as theirtreasure.The tree suddenl y real ized that it became a real treasure box“at that time.Sometimes you may think your dream wil l not come true.D on,t forget your dream.I t may be real izedin another new way.1 1.The tree fel t very sad when the farmer sol d it to a carpenter1 2.The carpenter made the tree into a treasure box1 3.To be a feed box was the tree s dream1 4.The coupl e used the feed box as their baby s bed1 5.Never give up your dream,it may be real ized in another new way【答案】1 1.F 1 2.F1 3.F 1 4.T1 5.T【解析】试题分析：这是一篇寓言故事，通过一棵树的经历，告诉我们不要放弃梦想，它可以用另一种新的方式来实现。1 1 题意：当农夫把它卖给木匠时，树感到很伤心。考查细节理解题。根 据 The true happy because hethought the carpenter would make it into a treasure b o x.,可知说法错误故选 r o12.题意：木匠把这棵树做成了一个宝箱。考查细节理解题。根 据 To its surprise：the carpenter made it:nto afeed box for animals.,可知说法错误，故 选?。1 3.题意：成为饲料箱是树的梦想。考查细节理解题。根据The tree fel t very disappointed because thatwas not its dream.,可知说法错误，故选F。1 4.题意：这对夫妇用饲料箱做婴儿床。考查细节理解题。根据So they pl aced the baby in the feed box.,可知说法正确，故选T。1 5.题意：永远不要放弃你的梦想，它可能以另一种新的方式实现。考查细节理解题。根据D on t forgetyour dream.I t may be real ized in another new way.,可知说法正确，故选 T。6.【201 8年湖南省衡阳市中考】阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答所提问题。Mr.G uo is a teacher from Xi an.H e ask ed his students to hand in their homework through a QRcode（二维码）.“We spent an hour or two in cl ass l earning how to generate（使产生）the codes,andin the end everything gets easier.Said G uo,“When students finish the homework,they k eepit on WeC hat.Then,each student mak es his own QR code and gives it to me.So I can check theirwork anywhere using my computer or tel ephone.”The QR codes can be sent to Mr.G uo by email,QQ and WeC hat.When G uo scans（扫描）his studentsQR codes,their homework appears on his phone.H e finds that their homework becomes more creative,with many pictures,music and even videos.G uo s students l ik e the new way and think it is interesting.We are l iving in the informationage.Many students l ik e to work with computers,which mak es l earning more fun.Said Tingting,a student of G uo s.The paper is not easy to k eep,but the code is easy to k eep and share.”G uo said,“I t is worth trying to use new technol ogy in education.E ducation itsel f is a k indof creation.I don t want my students to fal l behind the times.”H owever,some parents are worried.They are afraid that their chil dren wil l spend too much timeon computers and l ess time communicating with teachers.B ut in fact,it s unnecessary.Studentsstil l need to l ook up information in book s and write it down when they do their homework.Theyonl y use the codes when they hand in their work,which doesn,t tak e them too much time.A l sofor teachers,it al l ows them to check the students,work at any time.A nd it s al so an easyway to share homework with other students.1 6.A ccording to the passage,G uo s students can k eep their homework on WeC hat,can t they?1 7.H ow can the QR codes be sent to Mr.G uo?1 8.What is one of the advantages of the new way of handing in homework?1 9.What do some parents worry about?20.What do you think of the new way of handing in homework?【答案】1 6.Ye s,t h e y c a n1 7.B y e m a i l,Q Q a n d w e C h a t.1 8.T h e c o d e i s e a s y t o k e e p a n d s h a r e/T h e t e a c h e r c a n c h e c k t h e h o m e w o r k a n y w h e r e a t a n y t i m e.1 9.T h e y w o r r y/a r e a f r a i d t h e i r c h i I d r e n w i l l s p e n d t o o m u c h t i m e o n c o m p u t e r s a n d l e s s t i m ec o m m u n i c a t i n g w i t h t e a c h e r s.2 0.（开放式回答）I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g /u s e f u l /h e l p f u t.【解析】试题分析：本文以郭老师允许学生通过Q R 码交作业的实例，说明新的家庭作业方式的