初中英语主要考点.pdf

初中英语主要考点北京市中考英语主要题型包括：一 听力理解：听对话选择与其对应的图画（此题难度不大,对话简单易懂）；听对话或独白选择最佳答案（难度加强，考察学生的听力，理解力，能快速抓住主旨）；听独白写出关键信息（此题难度较大,考察学生的听，写综合能力）。二 语言知识运用：单项选择（考察学生的基础知识是否掌握扎实，考点多而细，包括单词，短语固定搭配，句法构成,时态，语态等）；完形填空（考察学生对基础知识的综合运用能力，而不是简单的知识点累加，还需要学生有较宽的知识面，难度较大易失分）。三 阅读理解：短文阅读（通常包括三道四篇，由易到难，考察阅读速度和理解能力，二者不可或缺，此外，此题型文章较长，内容涉及面广，需要有丰富的知识，敏锐的思维，分值高难度大，大多数学生的难点）;阅读短文还原句子或选词填空（考察对文章的深度阅读和理解能力，排除干扰项）;阅读与表达（通过阅读文章回答问题,考察快速阅读能力，通常设置五道问题，需要学生运用自己的语言总结归纳，简单回答）。四-书面表达：完成句子（根据汉语意思将英语中缺少的部分补充完整，通常是固定短语或语言点，考察学生对基础知识的综合运用）；文段表达（作文类型多样,包括信件，叙事性作文等，内容贴近生活，与时事紧密结合，需要学生热爱生活，关心时事，此题考察学生的全面综合知识及运用能力）。通过对北京市近几年中考英语试题的分析，总结得出一些每年考试必考的知识点。如下：1.人称代词的主格宾格及其物主代词，如：I,you,me,your,etc.eg:Tom and Mike are good f r ie n d s.o f te n help eachother.（2010 年试题）A.They B.Them C.Their D.Theirs2.连词，如：and,or,but,so,etc.eg:Its a nice house it hasnt a garden.（2008 年试题）A.and B.or C.but D.so3.介词，如:at,for,on,in,of,to,etc.eg:Einstein,the famous scientist,was born March,1892.（2009年试题）A.at B.on C.in D.to4.疑问代词,如:how,when,w hat,where,who,etc.eg:won the 100th gold at the Olympics for China?ZhangYining,shes from Beijing.（2009 年试题）A.Who B.W hat C.When D.Where5.情态动词，如：can,may,m ust,need,etc.eg:-you turn down your radio,please?-Yes,I can.（2010年试题）A.May B.Need C.Must D.Can6.形容词，副词的比较级及最高级的用法eg:Which colour do you like,bule or green?Blue.（2010年试题）A.good B.better C.best D.the best7.正在进行时，如：be+V-ingeg:Mr.G reen to the manager now.Youd better call himlater.（2009 年试题）A.talk B.talked C.is talking D.was talking8.一般过去时，当两个或多个动词并列时注意保持动词时态一致eg:We were in Qingdao and last week great fun there.（2008 年试题）A.will have B.have had C.had D.have9.现在完成时，如：have/has+doneeg:She as an animal trainer since 2003.A.has worked B.works C.will work D.worked10.动词一般过去时的被动语态，如：was/were+doneeg:The road last year.（2010 年试题）A.builds B.built C.was built D.is built11.复杂一般疑问句，宾语多为who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,h o w,等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。eg:Can you tell me?She is in the computer lab.（2009 年试题）A.where Linda was B.where is LindaC.where was Linda D.where Linda is12.固定句型，如：When（当的时候），if（如果），as soon as（一就），until（直到才），unless（除非/如果不）这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时，从句用一般现在时,主句要用一般将来时。eg:Tom will call me as soon as he home.（2010 年试题）A.gets B.has got C.got D.will get13.固定句型,如：Its/was/has been+some time+since+一1般过 去时或过去的时间自从以来有多久了eg:She as an animal trainer since 2003.（2009 年试题）A.has worked B.works C.will work D.worked14.常考动词不定式短语及动名词短语，如：ask/tell/invite sb.(not)to do s th.要求/告诉/邀请某人(不)做某事；finish doing s t h.做完某事eg:Granny often tells us water in our daily life.(2010年试题)A.save B.saving C.to save D.saves以上考点均连续出现多次，为每年考试必考题型。15.现将其他常用重点句型总结如下：be busy doing sth.had better(not)do sthis one of the+最局级+n(pl.).It is+adj.for sb.to do sth.It takes sb some time,to do sth.Its time for./to do sth.Its bad/good for.One.the other./Som e.others.There is sth.wrong w ith.too.toW hat about/How about.?W hats the m atter w ith.?/W hats wrong w ith.?W hy not？/W hy dont you.?Will(would,could)you please.?初中英语八种时态归纳总结时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳一下这儿种时0一、般现在时:概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month.),once a week,on Sundays,etc.基本结构:主语+b e动 词+其他;主 语+行 为 动 词+其他否定形式：主 语+am/is/are+not+其他；此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加d o n 3 主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把 be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用d o e s,同时还原行为动词。二、，般过去时:概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month.),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,longlong ago,once upon a time,etc.基本结构:主语+b e动 词+其他;主语+行为动词+其他否定形式：主语+was/were+not+其他；在行为动词前加d id n t,同时还原行为动词。一 般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式d id提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时:概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now,at this time,these days,etc.基本结构：主 语+am/is/are+doing+其他.否定形式：主 语+am/is/are+not+doing+其他.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时:概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：主 语+was/were+doing+其他.否定形式：主 语+was/were+not+doing+其他.一般疑问句：把was或were 放于句首。五、现在完成时:概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时I可 犬语：recently,lately,since.for.,in the past few years,etc.基本结构：主 语+have/has+done+其他.否定形式：主 语+have/has+not+done+其他.一般疑问句：have或 has放于句首。六、过去完成时:概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before,by the end of last year(term,month.),etc.基本结构：主 语+had+done+其他.否定形式：主 语+had+not+done+其他.一般疑问句：had放于句首。七、一般将来时:概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时I可 犬语：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year.),soon,in afew minutes,by.,the day after tomorrow,etc.基 本 结 构:主 语+am/is/are/going to+do+其他；主 语+will/shall+do+其他.否定形式：主 语+am/ia/are+not+going to+do+其他；主语+will/shall+not+do+其他.一般疑问句：be放于句首；wiH/shall提到句首。八、过去将来时:概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间 犬语：the next day(morning,year.),the followingmonth(week.),etc.基本结构：主 语+was/were/going to+do+其他；主 语+would/should+do+其他.否定形式：主 语+was/were+not+going to+do+其他；主语+would/should+not+do+其他.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。几种常见时态的相互转换英语中的儿种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：一、般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段 时 间+ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“It is+一段 时 间+since+一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从.以来有.时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It hasbeen;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since+一般过去时，的句型中。请看:A.He joined the League two years ago.B.He has been in the League for two years.C.It is two years since he joined the League.D.Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，a t加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如 at work（在工作），at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：Peter is at work,but Mike is at playPeter is working,but Mike is playing.三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语速用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming,Mum!意为“我就来，妈妈！请看：The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.四、“be woine to+动词原形”与“win（shaH）+动词原形”结构的转换“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will（shaH）+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.八年级完形填空练习题附加答案2、阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。There is nobody in the world the same 41 you；you areunique（独特唯一 的）!Everybody is 42 from everyone else.Thatis good!43 it makes the world an interesting place.There are people taller 44 you,and shorter than you.Maybeyour hair is the same color as your friends hair,but maybe it islonger than 45.Another difference is your hair may bestraight,hers may be curly.I am sure you have some friends who are 46 than you.Andyou also have some friends,they are as 47 at sports as you.But there are also people around you who are not good at somethings.48 does your best friend look like?Do you both 49to finish your homework at school?Do you both want to wear thesame clothes every day?I think 50 some ways you are thesame,but in many other ways you are different.So say loudly tothe world,“I am who I am Im unique!”41.A.with B.asC.ofD.from42.A.better B.differentC.smart D.good43.A.Because B.SoC.Although D.But44.A.after B.thanC.then D.in front of45.A.her B.sheC.hers D.shes46.A.smart B.smarterC.smartest D.a smart47.A.bad B.better C.well D.good48.A.Where B.W hatC.HowD.How often49.A.like B.enjoy50.A.through B.byC.would like D.goingC.in D.on参考答案：BBABC BDBAC3、Mark lived in a village far away.One day he became very ill andeveryone thought he would 1 soon.They sent for a doctor.Twodays 2 the doctor came and looked over the sick man.3asked for a pen and some paper to write down the name of themedicine.But there was no pen 4 paper in the village,becauseno one could write.The doctor 5 up a piece of burnt wood from the fire andwrote the name of the medicine on the 6 of the house.Get thismedicine for him.,he said,“and he will soon get 7 Marksfamily and friends did not know 8 to do.They could not readthe strange words.Then a young man 9 an idea.He took offthe door of the house,put it on his carriage(马车)and drove tothe nearest 10.He bought the medicine there,and Mark wassoon well again.()1.A.wake B.cry C.moved D.die()2.A.late B.later C.ago D.before()3A.The sick man B.Mark C.The doctor D.The farmer)4.A.and B.or C.then D.also)5.A.picked)6.A.wall)7.A.well B.worse)8.A.when B.what)9A.thought B.hit)!0.A.shop B.farmB.held C.made D.lookedB.window C.ground D.doorC.bad D.goodC.where D.whickC.caught D.hadC.hospital D.villagekeysDBCBADABDC4、Peter and Mike were in 1 class.Peter was born in a 2family.But Mikes father was a businessman（商人）and got 3money.When Peter got into trouble（困难）he always helped him.Peter liked to have sports.He was good at 4.He ran 5than any others in their class It was Sunday.Mike and Peter wentto a forest to have a picnic.Mike took a lot of food there.It was a6 ay.The birds were singing and there were all kinds offlowers.They ate and drank then went 7 in the river.Theyhad a good time.Suddenly they heard a great noise.They foundit was a tiger behind a big tree.They were both very 8.Peterput on his shoes quickly and was going to run away.Mike stoppedhim and said:Its no use for us.The tiger runs 9 faster thanus.Lets find a way.”It doesnt m atter,“said Peter.Im 10 Ill run faster than y o u.”1.A.sameB.differentC.differenceD.the same2.A.richB.happyC.poorD.bad3.A.manyB.lotC.anyD.much4.A.ranB.runningC.runD.runs5.A.fastB.fasterC.fastestD.best6.A.sun7.A.fish8.A.happyD.exciting9.A.more10.A.afraidB.rainB.to fishingB.afraidB.muchB.worriedC.rainedC.fishingC.sadC.manyC.sureD.sunnyD.fishedD.littleD.glad参考答案：15 DCDBB 6 10 DCBBC5、根据短文内容在A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案（1 0分）We were going to play a team from a country school.They didntcome 1 the match nearly began.They looked 2 than wethought.The wore dirty T-shirts and blue jeans and looked likefarm boys.We thought they 3 saw a basketball before.We feltthat we didnt 4 any practice to play with such a team.It wasvery late so they couldnt have any time to practice.The matchbegan,one of our boys 5 the ball and he tried to give it toanother one.But from out of nowhere a boy in a T-sliirt 6 theball and he quickly and beautifully got the ball into our basketand had two points.They 7 us.They had another two pointsin a minute.Soon it was all over.The country team 8 thematch.Of course we knew that there was still another team 9than any good team.But the important lesson we learn this timewas:One cant tell a man or a team by the 10.admired()1、A.whenB.soC.untilD.at()2、A.strongerB.youngerC.worseD.better()3 A.neverB.oftenC.sometimes D.always()4 A.haveB.makeC.use D.need()5、A.gotB.playedC.tookD.carried()6 A.caughtB.changedC.heldD.stopped()7、A.surprisedB.frightenedC.D.smiled)8、A.lostB.wonC.gotD.had()9 A.worseD more()10 A.T-shirtD.pointsB.lessB.appearanceC.better.C.name1 5 CCADA 6 10 AABCB6、初二完形填空练习题Mary has some friends.1 Betty,Peter,Alice 2 Mike.Mary isthe oldest 3.Betty is thirteen years 4.She is younger thanMary and older than Peter.Alice is nice and Mike is seven.Betty and Peter are 5 runners.But Peter runs faster.Maryand Betty like to 6.Mary plays better than Betty.Alice sings7 of them.Mary and Betty study in a middle school.Alice andMike study in a primary school.They 8 work hard at school.But Betty works 9.Her handwriting is good,10.1.A.They are B.It isC.There are D.We are2.A.but B.orC.them D.and3.A.in the five B.of fiveC.of the five D.for the five4.A.older B.oldC.oldest D.very old5.A.best B.betterC.well D.good6.A.play basketball B.play a basketballC.play the basketball D.play basketballs7.A.good B.betterC.best D.well8.A.six B.allC.four D.both9.A.hard B.harderC.very hard D.hardest10.A.too B.twoC.at D.also1.A 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.A7、Some sounds are harmful.When plans fly low 84 theland.the very loud sounds can damage the house.Very loudsound can even make people deaf.We know sound travels about one kilometer in three 85.in athunder storm you see the lighting first and then hear thethunder.Divide this number 86 this will tell you 88 kilometers awaythe thunder storm is 88()7 9.A.full ofB.fill with C.isfilled of D.is filled with)80.A.others B.the other C.another D.the others()8 1.A.hundreds of B.hundred ofC.HundredsD.hundred()82.A.mayB.MaybeC.may beD.can()8 3.A.ofB.withC.withoutD.By()8 4.A.inB.onC.aboveD.over()85.A.hoursB.daysC.minutesD.seconds(秒)()86.A.more fastB.much fasterC.more fasterD.much faster()8 7.A.in B.ofC.by D.at()88.A.how machD.how longB.how manyC.how参考答案：DA ACC DDBCB初中英语代词情态动词总结及练习题情态动词专题：情态动词（一）情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。（二）情态动词的特点1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to 的不定式）一起构成谓语（除 ought to作固定词组看待）。（三）情态动词的分类和意义意义情态动词（四）情态动词的基本用法1.can（could）1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。Two eyes can see more than o n e.两只眼比一只 眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school?这女孩上学前能识字吗？2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。The temperature can fall to 60,that is 60 below freezing.气温可降至-60,也就是零下60C。He cant（couldnt）have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。You mustnt smoke while youre walking around in the wood.Youcould start a fire.在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。3）表示允许。Can I have a look at your new p e n?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Where can(could)they have gone to?他们会去哪儿了呢？He can，t(couldnt)be over sixty.他不可能超过六十岁。How can you be so careless?你怎么这么粗心？5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can(Could)you lend me a h a n d?帮我一把好吗？Fm afraid we couldnt give you an answer today.恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。2.may(might)1)表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。You may take whatever you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么。He told me that I might smoke in the room.他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May(Might)I ask for a photo of your baby?我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式,如 Yes,please./Certainly./Please dont./Youd better not./No,you mustnt.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。2)表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。He may be at h o m e.他可能在家。She may not know about it.她可能不知道这件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him.他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。They might be having a meeting,but Im not sure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。3.must1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。We must do everything step by s t e p.我们一 切都必须循序渐进地做。You m ustnt talk to her like that.你不可能那样对她说话。Must we hand in our exercise books n o w?我们现在就要交练习本吗？No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.不必。（这种情况下，一般不用m ustnt）2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。He must be ill.He looks so p a l e.他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。Shes wearing a diamond necklace.She must have a lot ofmoney.她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。4.shall1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get you some te a?我给你点茶好吗？Shall the boy wait outside?让那男孩在外面等吗？What shall we do this evening?我们今晚做什么？2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I s a y.按我说的做。（命令）You shall have my answer tom orrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）He shall be sorry for it one day,I tell you.有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）5.will1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for y o u.我愿为你做任何事。None is so blind as those who wont see.不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will read the book,Fil lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。2）表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window?Its a bit c o ld.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Wont you drink some more coffee?再来一点咖啡好吗？3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of w a te r.鱼离开水就不能活。The door wont o p e n.这门打不开。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那里好儿个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。6.should1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers.你对老师应该有礼貌。You shouldnt waste any t i m e.你不应该浪费时间。2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。The film should be very good as it