第14讲-阅读理解（事实细节题）（教案）.docx

辅导讲义学员姓名： 学科教师：年 级：高三 辅导科目：英语授课日期时 间主 题阅读理解（事实细节题）学习目标1. 掌握事实细节类阅读理解的考查类型2. 掌握事实细节类阅读理解的解题技巧教学内容1、 上次课后巩固作业复习； 2、 互动探索 有两家卖粥的小店。A店和B店的地理位置、客流量、粥的质量、服务水平等各方面都差不多，表面上看，两家的生意一样红火，然而一天下来算账的时候，B店总是比A店多出几十块钱。为什么会这样呢？差别只在于服务小姐的一句话。当客人走进A店，服务小姐会热情地问客人：“加不加鸡蛋？”；而当客人走进B店，服务小姐会热情地问“您加一个鸡蛋还是加两个鸡蛋？”（批注：英语选择题中也常出现精确细节的考查）其实，B店是运用了心理学上一个叫做“沉锚”效应的名词。在人们做决策时，思维往往会被得到的第一信息所左右，第一信息会像沉入海底的锚一样把你的思维固定在某处。在A店中，让你选择“加还是不加鸡蛋”，在B店中，是“加一个还是加两个”的问题，这第一信息的不同，使你做出的决策就不同。这样一个细节，使两个店的营业收入有了不小的差距。教学建议：通过上面的小故事引出细节的重要性，导入阅读理解中的事实细节题型讲解。【知识梳理1】考点解析细节理解题就是我们常见的wh题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的，考查的是对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或重要事实的辨认能力。从高考开始以来，细节理解题几乎占阅读理解题总量的一半以上。 【知识梳理2】隐含提问法 出题者使用同义词语、参照词、代词等使考生对阅读内容和问题产生模糊感。例如： The basketball team never lacked vociferous(大叫大嚷的) young supporters, but they rarely responded to this show of enthusiasm. Question: Who seldom reacted to that enthusiastic show? A. The young people. B. The players. C. Some people. D. A lot of people. 解析：因为the basketball team 和 players及seldom reacted和rarely responded是两对同义关系的词语，而they又与basketball team有参照关系。所以答案应该是B。 批注：下列加粗的题目属于事实细节题。【例题精讲】About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our "act" would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in "snow". Two more fans were turned on, and a "strong wind" blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.The next scene was a complete contrast (对比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures in front taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen (幕). An actor and actress stood of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the waters edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio!Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film "stars"!1. Who is the author?A. A cameraman. B. A film director. C. A crowd-scene actor. D. A workman for scene setting.2. What made the author feel cold?A. The heavy snowfall. B. The man-made scene. C. The low temperature. D. The film being shown.3. What would happen in the "three minutes" mentioned in the last paragraph?A. A new scene would be filmed. B. More stars would act in the film.C. The author would leave the studio. D. The next scene would be prepared.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一次群众演员的经历。1 .答案：C解析：根据文章中的第一段“About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our "act" would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.”可知C正确。考点定位：考查细节理解。2 .答案：B解析：根据文章中的“A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in "snow". Two more fans were turned on, and a "strong wind" blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.”可知：这里的picture即是the man-made scene。考点定位：考查细节理解。3. 答案：A 解析：根据文章中的“For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film "stars"!”可知A正确。考点定位：考查推理判断。【巩固练习】 One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap(包装).On September 11th, 1958, Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my lap, saying, "I promised you a gift, and here it is." What an honor! I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told it stories. I told it over and over how much I loved it!One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as "hopeless", "pitiful" and "dying", which sounded ominous.Christmas was coming. "Dont expect any presents this year." Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. "If your baby brother lives, that'll be Christmas enough." As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I'd never seen him cry before.The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of bed to answer it. From my bedroom I heard him say. "What? He's all right?" He hung up and shouted upstairs. " The hospital said we can bring Richard home!" "Thank God. " I heard Mum cry.From the upstairs window, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them happy. And I was also full of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home. I downstairs. My socks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty; they were filled with love!1. What happened to the author on September 11, 1958 ? A. He got a baby brother. B. He got a Christmas gift. C. He became four years old. D. He received a doll. 2.What does the underlined word “ominous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Impossible B. Boring C. Difficult D. Fearful3. Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christmas was coming?A. Excitement B. Happiness C. Sadness D. Disappointment4. What is the passage mainly about?A. A sad Christmas day. B. Life with a lovely baby. C. A special Christmas gift. D. Memories of a happy family. 文章大意：短文介绍了作者深爱的小弟弟因病住院，情况不容乐观。在圣诞节即将来临之际，全家人正在为此感到悲伤难过时，来自医院的电话给全家人带来了好消息，作者的弟弟康复了，作者认为这是圣诞节最为特别的礼物。1 .答案：A试题解析：根据短文第2段开头可知，作者的母亲在1958年9月11日生了一个男孩，也就是作者得到了一个小弟弟。因此，正确答案为A选项。2 .答案：D试题解析：根据短文第3段，划线词前面提到“hopeless, pitiful, and dying”。由此可猜测D选项的词义与划线词一致。因此，正确答案为D选项。 3 .答案：C试题解析：根据短文，在圣诞节即将来临之际，作者的弟弟仍然在住院而且情况不容乐观，为此，作者的父亲感到悲伤。因此，正确答案为C选项。4.答案：C试题解析：作者以一个特别的圣诞礼物为中心线索来展开故事情节，因此，最佳标题应该是“A special Christmas gift.”。因此，正确答案为C选项。【知识梳理3】真伪证实法 出题者要求考生确定文章中的事实，不让问题直接与文章中的事实对号入座，而是提出似是而非或完全错误的事实让考生去判断。对于这类题目，考生不要根据自己读文章的最初印象马上加以判断，而必须找到与问题相应的文章部分，找出正确肯定的事实，才可以据此判定否定的或错误的答案。【例题精讲】 Franz Kafka wrote that "a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. " I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation.Wed just finished John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. "Are you crying?" one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. "I am," I told her, "and the funny thing is I've read it many times. "But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I've taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel's terrible logicthe giving way of dreams to fate (命运).For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high schoolone that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan's upper classesinto a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional "cultural capital" could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D.'s.Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn't always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, "its about being a man, its about manliness. " I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's soliloquies (独白)read as raps (说唱) , but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck's writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that "all these people hate each other, and they're all white. " His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.1. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to_A. realize our dreams B. give support to our life C. smooth away difficulties D. awake our emotions2. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?A. Because they spent much time reading it. B. Because they had read the novel before.C. Because they came from a public school. D. Because they had similar life experiences.3.The girl left the selective high school possibly because_.A. she was a literary-minded girlB. her parents were immigrantsC. she couldn't fit in with her classD. her father was then in prison4.To the author's surprise, the students read the novels_.A. creativelyB. passivelyC. repeatedlyD. carelessly5.The author writes the passage mainly to_.A. introduce classic works of literature B. advocate teaching literature to touch the heartC. argue for equality among high school students D. defend the current testing system文章大意：本文主要介绍作者讲述在自己教学生涯中，在文学课上，如何教学生文学阅读的亲身体验，认为文学阅读可以美化他们的心灵。1.答案：D试题解析：句意理解题。这句话运用了明喻和暗喻的修辞手法，“一本书就是能融化我们冰冻着的内心的一把斧子”，这是表面意思，即指一本书能够唤醒我们内心深处的情感，引起共鸣之意。故选D项。2.答案：D试题解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen”可知，D项正确。3.答案：C试题解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates”可知C项正确。4.答案：A试题解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第四句“I have never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeths soliloquies read as raps, but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious.”可推断作者对孩子阅读小说的创造力感到惊讶，字里行间流露出自豪，故A项正确。5.答案：B试题解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文，主要介绍了作者讲述在自己教学生涯中，教学生文学阅读的亲身体验，故B项正确。【巩固练习】 What makes a gift special? Is it the price you see on the gift receipt? Or is it the look on the recipients face when they receive it that determines the true value? What gift is worth the most?This Christmas I was debating what to give my father. My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything. I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked. The message was from my father. My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming, and underneath a poem by William Blake. The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky, inspired me. My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid. That may even be the reason why I love writing. I decided that those words would be my gift to my father. I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe; my dad recited it as much as he did the other. I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it. The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture. The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream. As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood, I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate. Christmas soon arrived. The minute I saw the look on my dads face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift. 1. The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was _. A. doing shopping     B. having a debate     C. reading a message     D. leaving for Wyoming2. The authors inspiration for the gift came from _. A. a photo of a flower     B. a story about a kid     C. a call from the mother     D. a text about Christmas3. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to a poem by _. A. the father     B. the author     C. William Blake     D. Edgar Allan Poe4. The author made the gift by _. A. searching for the poems online     B. drawing the background by hand C. painting the letters in three colors   D. matching the words with pictures5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show how to design images for gifts. B. To suggest making gifts from ones heart. C. To explain how computers help create gifts. D. To describe the gifts the author has received.参考答案：CADDB答案详解：1. 细节判断题。从第二段可以看出，debate时还觉得很难决定；而有了这个主意时还没去shop，从下一段更清楚，我取消了shop；leave for Wyoming不在问题之内。2. 细节判断题。从提问中的inspiration可定位到第二段的inspire可知答案。3. 代词指代题。常识可知，代词it指代其前最近的名词，可得出答案。