第14讲-阅读理解(事实细节题)(教案).docx
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1、辅导讲义学员姓名: 学科教师:年 级:高三 辅导科目:英语授课日期时 间主 题阅读理解(事实细节题)学习目标1. 掌握事实细节类阅读理解的考查类型2. 掌握事实细节类阅读理解的解题技巧教学内容1、 上次课后巩固作业复习; 2、 互动探索 有两家卖粥的小店。A店和B店的地理位置、客流量、粥的质量、服务水平等各方面都差不多,表面上看,两家的生意一样红火,然而一天下来算账的时候,B店总是比A店多出几十块钱。为什么会这样呢?差别只在于服务小姐的一句话。当客人走进A店,服务小姐会热情地问客人:“加不加鸡蛋?”;而当客人走进B店,服务小姐会热情地问“您加一个鸡蛋还是加两个鸡蛋?”(批注:英语选择题中也常出
2、现精确细节的考查)其实,B店是运用了心理学上一个叫做“沉锚”效应的名词。在人们做决策时,思维往往会被得到的第一信息所左右,第一信息会像沉入海底的锚一样把你的思维固定在某处。在A店中,让你选择“加还是不加鸡蛋”,在B店中,是“加一个还是加两个”的问题,这第一信息的不同,使你做出的决策就不同。这样一个细节,使两个店的营业收入有了不小的差距。教学建议:通过上面的小故事引出细节的重要性,导入阅读理解中的事实细节题型讲解。【知识梳理1】考点解析细节理解题就是我们常见的wh题,它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的,考查的是对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或重要事实的
3、辨认能力。从高考开始以来,细节理解题几乎占阅读理解题总量的一半以上。 【知识梳理2】隐含提问法 出题者使用同义词语、参照词、代词等使考生对阅读内容和问题产生模糊感。例如: The basketball team never lacked vociferous(大叫大嚷的) young supporters, but they rarely responded to this show of enthusiasm. Question: Who seldom reacted to that enthusiastic show? A. The young people. B. The players
4、. C. Some people. D. A lot of people. 解析:因为the basketball team 和 players及seldom reacted和rarely responded是两对同义关系的词语,而they又与basketball team有参照关系。所以答案应该是B。 批注:下列加粗的题目属于事实细节题。【例题精讲】About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Alth
5、ough our act would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into
6、position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white fe
7、athers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in snow. Two more fans were turned on, and a strong wind blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.The next scene was a complete contrast (对比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures in front taken on a
8、n island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen (幕). An actor and actress stood of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the waters edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio!Since it was our turn
9、next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film stars!1. Who is the author?A. A cameraman. B. A film director. C. A crowd-scene actor. D. A workman for scene setting.2. What made the author
10、feel cold?A. The heavy snowfall. B. The man-made scene. C. The low temperature. D. The film being shown.3. What would happen in the three minutes mentioned in the last paragraph?A. A new scene would be filmed. B. More stars would act in the film.C. The author would leave the studio. D. The next scen
11、e would be prepared.文章大意:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一次群众演员的经历。1 .答案:C解析:根据文章中的第一段“About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our act would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.”可知C正确。
12、考点定位:考查细节理解。2 .答案:B解析:根据文章中的“A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in snow. Two more fans were turned on, and a strong wind blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.”可知:这里的picture即是the man-made scene。考点定位:考查细节理解。3
13、. 答案:A 解析:根据文章中的“For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film stars!”可知A正确。考点定位:考查推理判断。【巩固练习】 One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap(包装).On September 11th, 1958, Mum gave birth to Richard. After
14、she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my lap, saying, I promised you a gift, and here it is. What an honor! I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told it stories. I told it over and over ho
15、w much I loved it!One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as hopeless, pitiful and dying, which sounded omin
16、ous.Christmas was coming. Dont expect any presents this year. Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. If your baby brother lives, thatll be Christmas enough. As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. Id never seen him cry before.The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped
17、 out of bed to answer it. From my bedroom I heard him say. What? Hes all right? He hung up and shouted upstairs. The hospital said we can bring Richard home! Thank God. I heard Mum cry.From the upstairs window, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them happy. And I was also ful
18、l of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home. I downstairs. My socks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty; they were filled with love!1. What happened to the author on September 11, 1958 ? A. He got a baby brother. B. He got a Christmas gift. C. He became four years ol
19、d. D. He received a doll. 2.What does the underlined word “ominous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Impossible B. Boring C. Difficult D. Fearful3. Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christmas was coming?A. Excitement B. Happiness C. Sadness D. Disappointment4. What is the p
20、assage mainly about?A. A sad Christmas day. B. Life with a lovely baby. C. A special Christmas gift. D. Memories of a happy family. 文章大意:短文介绍了作者深爱的小弟弟因病住院,情况不容乐观。在圣诞节即将来临之际,全家人正在为此感到悲伤难过时,来自医院的电话给全家人带来了好消息,作者的弟弟康复了,作者认为这是圣诞节最为特别的礼物。1 .答案:A试题解析:根据短文第2段开头可知,作者的母亲在1958年9月11日生了一个男孩,也就是作者得到了一个小弟弟。因此,正确答案
21、为A选项。2 .答案:D试题解析:根据短文第3段,划线词前面提到“hopeless, pitiful, and dying”。由此可猜测D选项的词义与划线词一致。因此,正确答案为D选项。 3 .答案:C试题解析:根据短文,在圣诞节即将来临之际,作者的弟弟仍然在住院而且情况不容乐观,为此,作者的父亲感到悲伤。因此,正确答案为C选项。4.答案:C试题解析:作者以一个特别的圣诞礼物为中心线索来展开故事情节,因此,最佳标题应该是“A special Christmas gift.”。因此,正确答案为C选项。【知识梳理3】真伪证实法 出题者要求考生确定文章中的事实,不让问题直接与文章中的事实对号入座,而
22、是提出似是而非或完全错误的事实让考生去判断。对于这类题目,考生不要根据自己读文章的最初印象马上加以判断,而必须找到与问题相应的文章部分,找出正确肯定的事实,才可以据此判定否定的或错误的答案。【例题精讲】 Franz Kafka wrote that a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didnt seem to require any explanation.Wed just fin
23、ished John Steinbecks novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. Are you crying? one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. I am, I told her, and the funny thing is Ive read i
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