题型精析06.完形填空之夹叙夹议突破4法(原卷版).docx

06.完形填空之夹叙夹议【题型总览】 夹叙夹议文是高考完形填空中最有难度的体裁, 所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强, 一般有以下两种结构特点:1. 先叙述作者亲历或所见所闻的一件事情, 然后针对这件事情发表自己的看法, 或揭示生活的真理。2. 先提出一种观点或看法, 然后用事例说明, 最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。在做这类文章时, 抓住作者的观点或作者阐述的生活哲理是关键, 因为作者叙述所发生的事例是为作者要表达的思想服务的, 考点设置也是围绕这一主题的。 【突破策略】【策略1】活用逻辑析答案虽然高考完形填空越来越淡化对语法的考查, 但是一个语意连贯的语篇必须通过省略、指代、原因等语法关联手段来实现, 命题人常利用这些关联制造语境, 设置考点。所以说, 把逻辑关系活用好, 答案就会板上钉钉。【真题示例】(2023全国甲卷完形填空节选)Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we41 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike making its way down the hill toward us. A. waitedB. metC. campedD. stayed【答题思路】根据前文“I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer”可知, 作者在当地买了房子, 所以there就是指代房子, 因此, 正常逻辑推理是:第一次住在那里的时候, 我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的突突声。故选D项。【策略2】背景知识析答案完形填空的语篇中渗透着文化、科学、民俗等方面的知识, 有些选项的设置也与此有关。在做题时, 积极运用相关背景知识, 将会“事半功倍”找到答案。【真题示例】(2023全国乙卷完形填空节选)By 55 the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. A. clarifyingB. defendingC. winningD. demanding 【答题思路】背景知识: the Olympic all-around(奥运全能)是指好几项比赛, 只有拥有多样才能和高超的技术的运动员才能赢得奥运会全能冠军。这也验证了后半句she became the first black woman to do so(她成为第一位获得这一殊荣的黑人女性)。故选C项。【策略3】平行结构现答案平行结构指结构形式相同, 内容语法一致的句子或词组排列的语言现象。高考命题者常利用其特点来设空。因此, 掌握这一结构将会大大提高做题效率。【真题示例】 (2023全国乙卷完形填空节选)To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she41best. She had to42her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say43to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ride waves on her board. 41. A. triedB. thoughtC. judgedD. knew42. A. take upB. pack upC. clean upD. do up43. A. goodbyeB. helloC. thanksD. no【答题思路】41, 42和43这三个设空处所在句子是平行结构, 把这三个句子整体阅读分析可知:为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军, Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚州的卧室。她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。故选D、B、A项。【策略4】同义复现现答案同义复现不是原词复现, 但它和原词复现的功能是异曲同工的。同义复现是通过原词的同源词、同根词或相近意义的词来表达句意。只要掌握了这一技法, 就能迅速且准确地发现答案。【真题示例】(2023·浙江1月卷·完形填空节选)The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to witness a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 42. A. courtyardsB. fields C. treetopsD. caves【答题思路】句意:在埃塞俄比亚东南部, 手工制作的蜂箱被放在树顶。根据下文“higher up the tree trunk. ”和选项C. treetops 构成同义复现, 故选C项。【题型精练】1My phone was an extension of myself. I couldnt go anywhere 1 it. I scrolled through my friends 2 into late night and turned my phone on before my eyes were fully open. I enjoyed having it until that day when I realized that what had started as a useful tool had turned into a(n) 3 . So, I made a 4 decision to turn off that smartphone and 5 my old dumb phone out of hiding.When I was watching TV shows or movies and there was a boring part, I 6 picking up the phone and checking out “what everyone else was doing.” Now I had to pay attention or find a way to 7 myself with my thoughts instead. When I visited New York City, I had to write out 8 and ask people where an intersection (十字路口) was 9 pulling out my phone.I have welcomed silence into my life with open arms and am enjoying the increased 10 from not constantly having to fight with the 11 to check my phone while Im trying to get something done. I am allowing my thoughts to speak to me instead of my phone. I am connecting with others in a 12 way that isnt all about me. Instead of always posting about whats going on in my 13 perfect life, I am connecting with my friends one-on-one, talking about the reality of our lives and being there for them from a place of 14 .As much as having a smartphone was 15 , not having one is freeing on a much bigger level.1. A. throughB. withoutC. despiteD. upon2. A. updatesB. instructionsC. assessmentsD. decisions3. A. symbolB. responsibilityC. realityD. addiction4. A. consciousB. shamefulC. foolishD. random5. A. sellB. pullC. throwD. mind6. A. avoidedB. deniedC. missedD. allowed7. A. assistB. improveC. associateD. occupy8. A. requestsB. thoughtsC. directionsD. comments9. A. instead ofB. regardless ofC. but forD. apart from10. A. creativityB. productivityC. knowledgeD. independence11. A. routineB. necessityC. lonelinessD. temptation12. A. genuineB. gratefulC. directD. desperate13. A. naturallyB. certainlyC. seeminglyD. gradually14. A. wonderB. imaginationC. interestD. authenticity15. A. depressiveB. comfortableC. stressfulD. boring2Over the past few decades, technology has profoundly transformed the way we live and work. The digital revolution has brought about 16 changes to industries, economies, and societies worldwide. As we continue to navigate this rapidly changing landscape, it is crucial to understand the 17 impact of technology on various aspects of our lives.In the realm of employment, automation and artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping job markets. Routine tasks that were once carried out by humans are now 18 by machines with remarkable efficiency. While this automation has increased productivity and reduced errors, it has also 19 concerns about job displacement and the need for upskilling.The education sector has not been immune to technological advancements either. Online learning platforms and digital resources have 20 traditional classroom settings. This shift offers flexibility in learning, but it also requires learners to possess strong 21 skills to navigate digital environments effectively.Communication has been revolutionized by technology as well. Social media platforms enable instantaneous global 22 , connecting people across borders. However, the rapid spread of information in the digital age has 23 challenges related to misinformation and privacy breaches.Healthcare has witnessed the integration of technology through telemedicine and remote monitoring. While these innovations improve access to medical services, they also raise questions about the 24 of personal health data and the potential loss of the human touch in patient care.In the realm of creativity, technology has opened new avenues for artistic expression. Digital art, virtual reality experiences, and interactive storytelling have 25 boundaries in the creative world. However, concerns linger about the 26 of originality and the potential loss of tangible artistic experiences.The environment benefits from technology through innovations in renewable energy and resource management. Yet, the 27 footprint of electronic devices and the challenge of electronic waste management underscore the 28 implications of the digital revolution.In conclusion, technologys far-reaching influence touches every aspect of our lives. Its 29 can be both empowering and concerning. To navigate this complex landscape, individuals, businesses, and policymakers must work together to harness the potential of technology while addressing its 30 challenges.16. A. incrementalB. revolutionaryC. gradualD. minimal17. A. profoundB. superficialC. theoreticalD. casual18. A. substitutedB. enhancedC. abandonedD. detected19. A. suppressedB. triggeredC. alleviatedD. sparked20. A. surpassedB. preservedC. substitutedD. revived21. A. digitalB. analyticalC. cognitiveD. interpersonal22. A. correspondenceB. connectivityC. isolationD. suspension23. A. solvedB. raisedC. suppressedD. established24. A. protectionB. vulnerabilityC. anticipationD. interpretation25. A. extendedB. imposedC. enforcedD. dissolved26. A. preservationB. authenticityC. distortionD. manipulation27. A. insignificantB. extensiveC. marginalD. deliberate28. A. beneficialB. detrimentalC. ambiguousD. prevalent29. A. implicationsB. consequencesC. limitationsD. requirements30. A. promisingB. potentialC. evidentD. underlying3The days that make us happy make us wise.- John MasefieldWhen I first read this line by England's Poet Laureate, it 31   me.  What  did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the 32 was true. But his serious assurance was 33 . I was deeply attracted by it.Slowly, I seemed to 34 his meaning and realized the wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception(洞察力), not 35 by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind 36 caused by fear.Active happiness-not mere satisfaction or 37 -often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has 38 it. Amazingly, in your eyes, the grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the 39   of your friends are more understandable, and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your 40 vision.Nor are the 41 of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts focused on your emotional woes (痛苦) , your vision is cut short as though blocked by a wall. Happy, the wall 42 .Consequently, the long vision is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you-people, thoughts, emotions, pressures-are now 43 a larger scene. Everything covers a fairer 44 . Everything around you, whether it is encouraging or frustrating, no longer seems such a big deal. And here is the beginning of 45 .31. A. terrifiedB. satisfiedC. surprisedD. upset32. A. otherB. oppositeC. viewD. contrast33. A. arrestingB. amazingC. interestingD. disturbing34. A. handleB. observeC. appreciateD. seize35. A. icedB. cloudedC. rainedD. snowed36. A. roadsB. pathsC. spotsD. places37. A. fulfillmentB. sorrowC. disappointmentD. entertainment38. A. embracedB. interruptedC. respondedD. accompanied39. A. brightnessB. stupidityC. shortcomingsD. memories40. A. physicalB. sharpC. spiritualD. solid41. A. insightsB. impressionsC. attentionsD. expectations42. A. extendedB. collapsedC. witnessedD. withdrew43. A. got outB. stayed onC. kept offD. fitted into44. A. proportionB. positionC. explanationsD. duty45. A. happinessB. wisdomC. abilityD. life4Why Some Brilliant Ideas Get Overlooked?In 1928, Karl Jansky, a young radio engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories, began researching static interference. Five years later, after investigating every possibility, he published his remarkable 46 : some of the static was coming from the Milky Way.Janskys theory was eye-catching enough to be published in The New York Times but scientists were 47 . Radio signals from outer space? Surely they were too weak to detect. Janskys ideas were largely 48 for about a decade. Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.Janskys story resonates with us: we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their 49 that it takes years for the rest of the world to catch up. Gregor Mendels research into plant genetics is a famous example published in 1866. It wasnt taken seriously until 1900.The stories of Jansky and Mendel hold out some hope to anyone who feels that the world has not quite 50 their brilliance. There is even a name for such cases by Anthony van Raan of Leiden University: “Sleeping Beauties”, scientific papers that are not referred to later for years, before finding wide 51 . (Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.)So what is it about an idea that delays recognition? One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when delivered by unclearly expressed messengers. Jansky and Mendel were somewhat off the scientific 52 . In 1970, the sociologist Stephen Cole published an analysis arguing that the obstacle tended to lie in the 53 of the idea itself, rather than the reputation of the scientist behind it. Ideas fell asleep for a hundred years because they were confusing.Two scholars of the field, Eugene Garfield and Wolfgand Glanzel, have argued that such 54 of delayed recognition are so rare as to be hard to analyse. Studying papers published in 1980, they looked for articles that were barely cited (引用) for five years and found just 60 examples cited later in 450,000 cases. Unfortunately, they 55 their work in 2004. Why, then, is this myth such an appealing one? One explanation is that we all love a story of the underdog (黑马) who succeeds against 56 . Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.Another is that scientists themselves are fond of the thought that their ideas are 57 . In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition. Delayed recognition is rare. Much more 58 is for people simply to reach their prime late in life. David Galenson is an economist who studies the creative output of musicians, artists, directors and others. Galenson has found that while it is quite possible to 59 as a radical young artist, there are many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.We all need to be able to hold on to the idea that the best is yet to come. But we cant just hope what we have already produced will, one day, be recognized for its brilliance. Good things do not come to those who wait, if 60 is all they do. It is wiser to get back to work and make something better.46. A. conclusionB. deviceC. inventionD. paper47. A. unreliableB. uncomfortableC. unimpressedD. unsatisfactory48. A. criticizedB. keptC. ignoredD. inspected49. A. missionB. goalC. scheduleD. time50. A. lost touch withB. had a good knowledge ofC. made good use ofD. taken advantage of51. A. attentionB. platformC. spaceD. vision52. A. dataB. kingdomC. mainstreamD. proof53. A. contentB. originC. popularityD. presence54. A. examplesB. lettersC. reportsD. supporters55. A. broke offB. paid offC. switched offD. took off56. A. the authoritiesB. the oddsC. the oppositeD. the wrong57. A. underappreciatedB. underdevelopedC. underequippedD. underperformed58. A. challengingB. commonC. complicatedD. difficult59. A. break throughB. get throughC. make ends meetD. make sense60. A. complainingB. socializingC. thinkingD. waiting5My son “graduated” from elementary school this week. I put the word in quotations(引语)because as a rising 6th grader, he wasnt receiving a 61 and because the school used a 62 term to describe the milestone. On reflection, the schools term felt even m