锦纶染色速率监测与控制_项亚.docx
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1、学校代码: 10255 学 号:2130546 硕士学位论文 锦纶染色速率监测与控制 Monitoring and Controlling the Dyeing Rate for Nylon Fabric 学科专业: 纺织化学与染整工稈 作者姓名: _ 项亚 指导教师: 屠天民 答辩日期: 2016年 1月 13日 锦纶染色速率监测与控制 锦纶染色速率监测与控制 摘要 锦纶是目前世界第二大产量的合成纤维,以其优良性能而广泛应 用于民用服装和产业用布的各个领域。但是锦纶织物染色不匀 是一个 较为突出问题,一直是染色工作者关注的重点,特别是近些年为适应 节能减排要求而出现的小浴比及超小浴比染色技术
2、,给锦纶织物获得 匀染提出了更为严苛的要求。长期以来,染厂在设备和织物都确定后, 针对这一问题采取的主要办法一是添加匀染剂,提高染料缓染或移染 性;二是降低升温速率或分段升温方法,降低染料整体上染速率以提 高匀染效果。这些方法本质上都是控制染色过程中染料的上染速率, 也都能取得良好的效果。但添加匀染剂会增加污水处理难度;降低染 料的升温速率会增加整个染色过程的时间,造成设备利用效率的下 降。本文 研究的锦纶染色等速上染控制技术对染色工艺清洁化生产应 该是一个较为新颖的方向。 在近几年东华大学研究的天然纤维(棉和羊毛)染色过程中上染 速率量化控制的基础上,通过使用染料浓度在线检测手段,以温度程
3、序为主要控制因素,以染料等速上染为目标,探索合成纤维锦纶的染 料上染速率定量化控制的有效办法,并试验在小浴比和超小浴比染色 条件下,实现单个染料及两两拼混染料的上染速率控制特点以及适用 锦纶染色速率监测与控制 鉴于目前没有适用于在线检测的现成的小浴比及超小浴比染色 设备,首先需要自行组建染色设备。为了避免小浴比染色时织物与染 液接触不充分的现象,设计 了一种 “ U型管 ” 状的染色装置,将织物填 充于管道内,使用恒流泵使染液从管道通过,起到染液循环的目的, 让染液与织物充分接触。根据实验要求,试验了多种管道材料,最终 使用了 PP薄膜管道和长条形橡胶气球,可满足实验要求的导热性、 柔性、耐热
4、强度、良好的化学稳定性及容易获得等性能要求。 实验采用恒温染色计算法,对多个染料染色过程的上染速率进行 了量化控制。并通过改变染料用量、浴比和拼混染色等方法,探索多 种条件对等速控制工艺的影响及修正方法。 研究实验结果表明,通过物理性的非线性温度程序控制就可以实 现锦纶织物 单个染料染色的上染速率量化控制。染料用量的波动范围 在 0.5 2.0%之间时,可以通过 “ AE-At” (上染率 -时间偏差 ) 计算法, 对上染速率的等速工艺进行修正,实现了不同染料用量的等速控制。 在浴比为 1:10到 1:4之间时,设计的等速控制工艺可以适用于浴比改 变在 2个等级以内;若浴比改变超出 2个等级时
5、,需重新采用恒温染 色计算法进行修正控温程序计算。三原色染料进行拼混染色时,可采 用染料用量比例控制温度法进行等速染色控制参数的调整。 关键词:锦纶,在线检测,上染速率控制,浴比,染色 锦纶染色速率监测与控制 MONITORING AND CONTROLLING THE DYEING RATE FOR NYLON FABRIC ABSTACT Nylon is currently the worlds second largest production of synthetic fiber, it is widely used in various fields of civil and in
6、dustrial fabrics of clothing with its excellent performance. However, the uneven dyeing phenomenon of nylon fabric is a more prominent issue, and it has been the very focus issue for dyeing workers, especially for the emergence of low liquor ratio and ultra-low liquor ratio dyeing technique in recen
7、t years, which is mainly to meet the requirements of energy saving. It made more stringent requirements for the levelness of nylon fabric. For a long time, when the equipment and fabric are determined in dyeing factories, one of the main ways to solve this problem is adding leveler, it can improve t
8、he dye transfer and slow down the dyeing rate; the second way is to reduce the whole heating rate or rise the temperature separately, it can also reduce the overall uptake rate and improve the dyeing levelness. These methods are essentially to control the dye exhasution rate in dyeing process. Also
9、they can achieve good results. But adding leveler will increase the difficulty of sewage treatment and decreasing the heating rate will increase the whole dyeing time, which decreased the equipment utilization. The technology of controlling dyeing rate for nylon fabric in this text should be a relat
10、ively new direction on nylon dyeing for clean production dyeing process. According to the recent studies of quantitative controlling the dyeing rate on natural fiber (cotton and wool) in Donghua University, by online testing the dye concentration, taking the non-linear temperature program as the mai
11、n controlling factor in the constant dye, aiming to controlling the dyeing rate, an effective way of controlling the dyeing rate of nylon, which belongs to synthetic fiber was explored in this text. Then the experiment was continued in low liquor and ultra-low liquor dyeing conditions to find out th
12、e characteristics and applicability of controlling the dyeing rate of individual dyes and mixing dyes. I 锦纶染色速率监测与控制 There is no existing dyeing application for online testing now, low liquor and ultra-low liquor dyeing application was needed to build by myself. Then in order to avoid the fabric can
13、 not contact the dyeing liquor sufficiently, the dying equipment was desighed to filling the fabric, which shape is like the word Next the dyeing liquor can pass the pipe by the dynamic function of constant flow pump, playing the dyeing liquor circulation role, then ensured the sufficient contaction
14、 between the fabric and dyeing liquor. At last, according to the experimental requirement, we tested a varity of pipe materials, and finally choosing to use the polypropylene film pipe and elongated latex balloons. They both have the properties of thermal conductivity, flexible, heat resistant stren
15、gth, good chemical resistance and easy to obtain. The experiment studied the dyeing rate quantization control in different dyes5 dyeing process using isothermal staining method. Then exchange the dye dosage, bath liquor and mixed dyeing, developing the influence to uniform dyeing process, and found
16、out the revised method. The research results show that the experiment can realize to control the dyeing rate in physical instead of chemical method. When the dyeing dosage changed between 0.5% and 2.0%, we can use the method of “AE -At” to revise the curve of dyeing rate, and obtain the desired resu
17、lt. If the bath ratio is between 1:10 and 1:4, the original 1:10 constant speed control technology can use to the bath ratio which is changed within two levels, but it can not use to 1:6 or 1:4, so a new isothermic dyeing method should be developed. When the experiment was done with mixed dyes, we c
18、an use the method of dosage ratio control temperature to quantitative control the dyeing rate. Xiang Ya (Textile Chemistry&Dyeing and Finishing Engineering) Supervised by Associate professor TU Tian-min KEY WORDS: nylon, online monitor, control the dyeing rate, bath ratio, dyeing II 锦纶染色速率监测与控制 目录 m
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