改善有机太阳能电池光电转换效率的研究王鹏.docx
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1、 改善有机太阳能电池光电转换效率的研究 Study on Power Conversion Efficiency Improvement of Organic Photovoltaic 作者姓名:王鹏 专业名称:微电子学与固体电子学 指导教师:赵毅 学位类别:工学硕士 答辩曰期:年 6 月3 曰 未经本论文作者的书面授权,依法收存和保管本论文书 面版本、电子版本的任何单位和个人,均不得对本论文的全 部或部分内容进行任何形式的复制、修改、发行、出租、改 编等有碍作者著作权的商业性使用(但纯学术性使用不在此 限)。否则,应承担侵权的法律责任。 本人郑重声明:所呈交学位论文,是本人在指导教师的指导
2、下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内 容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作 品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均己在文中 以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名 : i 曰期: 2 年 6 月曰 摘要 改善有机太阳能电池光电转换效率的研究 石油、煤炭、天然气这三大传统能源的过量使用,已经对人们的 常生活环 境造成了严重的影响,酸雨、温室效应和由此引发的一系列环境污染问题、以及 化石 能源的不可再生性所带来的能源危机问题,已经使人们意识到了传统能源的 危害性和对新能源的迫切需求。 广泛分布的、取之不竭的太阳
3、能,出于其清洁性与可再生性,是解决这一全 球性问题的有效手段。有机太阳能电池 ( Organic Photovoltaic, OPV)作为有效 的途径之一,凭借着其制造成本低廉、材料重量轻、加工性能好,并可实现柔性, 提高便携性等优势而备受好评。 1986年, C. W. Tang 在 Appl. Phys. Lett.上发表的文章中独创性地提出了给 体、受体异质结的双层结构,为小分子有机薄膜太阳能电池的发展奠定了一个很 好的基础。在此后的二十多年来,有机太阳能电池的性能不断得以改善,目前德 国的Helmtek 公司最新报道的有机太阳能电池的效率已超过了 10%。但是与无机 太阳能电池相比光电
4、转换效率仍相差较远,提高有机太阳能电池的光电转换效率 是目前乃至未来的研究重点。 提高有机太阳能电池的效率有诸多方法,从其工作原理出发,光电转换效率 受制于光子的吸收效率、激子的扩散效率、激子在 D-A 界面处的分离效 率以及电极对载流子的收集效率,体异质结的引入是有效 改善激子扩散 效率的方法之一。但是,体异质结混合层的微观结构不是均匀一致的,成膜后给 体或受体分子的连续性无法控制,所以很难保证载流子具有较好的传输性能,这 在一定程度上限制了体异质结 0PV 光电转换效率的提高。 因此,本文基于传统的体异质结 0PV 结构,在混合层中引入梯度掺杂体系, 在保证了较高的激子扩散效率的同时,使混
5、合层中同一材料分子之间形成较好的 I 连续网络结构,有效改善载流子的收集效率。 实验中我 制备了 结构为 ITO/CuPc(10nm)/CuPc:C60(2:l)(4nm)/ CuPc:C6(1.5:l)(4nm)/CuPc:C6 (l:l)(4nm)/CuPc:C6 (l:1.5)(4nm)/CuPc:C6 (l:2)(4n m)/C6G(30nm)/Bphen(8nm)/Al(100nm)的 OPV 器件,在 AM1.5, 光功率 100 mW/cm2模拟太阳光照射的条件下器件的性能参数达到了 =0.42 V, 4=9.18 mA/cm2 , 与传统的体异质结结构 OPV 器件 ITO/C
6、uPc(10nm)/CuPc:C60(l:l) (20nm)/C6 (30nm)/Bphen(8nm)/Al(100nm)相比光电转换效率 ? 提高了 25%。 以及的提升归因于梯度掺杂体系的引入改善了混合层内部同一种材料分子间 的连续性,提高了电极对载流子的收集效率降低了器件的串联电阻 &,从 而改善了器件的光电转换效率。 另外从器件的结构角度出发,阳极缓冲层常被应用到 OPV 器件 ITO 阳极与 电子给体之间,可以有效地阻挡电子向阳极的迁移,从而降低器件的漏电流,改 善器件的性能。本文在对比了一些目前较为常用的阻挡层材料 PEDOT:PSS、 Mo03、 V205、 W03等优缺点后,采
7、用了生长温度较低、生长速率易控制的有机 材料 NPB 以及 TPTPA 作为阳极缓冲层,研究其对 OPV 性能的影响。 实 验 中 我 们 制 备 了 结 构 为 ITO/buffer layer/CuPc(20nm)/C6 (40nm)/ Bphen(8nm)/Al(100nm)的 OPV 器件,对比实验结果发现 TPTPA 作为阳极缓冲 层的器件性能得以有效提升,之后对 TPTPA 层的厚度进行优化,制备了结构为 ITO/TPTPA(x nm)/CuPc(20-x nm)/C6 (40nm)/Bphen(8nm)/Al(100nm)白勺四组 OPV 器件, x 分别为 2、 5、 10、
8、15nm, 结果显示当 TPTPA 层厚度为 10nm 时,器件 的性能为最优。实验结果显示阳极缓冲层的引入利用能级的优势可有效降低器件 的漏电流,但同时要考虑空穴迁移率不至于过低而影响载流子被电极的收集效 率,所以兼顾二者可有效地改善 OPV 的性能。 关键词: 有机太阳能电池,光电转换效率,梯度掺杂,阳极缓冲层 Abstract Study on Power Conversion Efficiency Improvement of Organic Photovoltaic The excessive use of oil, coal, natural gas, has caused a s
9、erious impact on peoples daily living environment. The problem of acid rain, the greenhouse effect and caused a series of environmental pollution problems, as well as fossil energy non-renewable nature of the energy crisis has made people aware of the dangers of traditional energy and the urgent nee
10、d of new energy. Widely distributed, inexhaustible solar energy for its clean and renewable, is an effective means to solve this global problem. Organic solar cells as one of the effective ways by virtue of its low manufacturing costs, materials, light weight, good processing performance, and can ac
11、hieve flexible, improve portability and other advantages and critical acclaim. In 1986, C W Tangs article published in Appl. Phys. Lett, originality proposes the donor acceptor heterojunction bi-layer structure for the development of small molecule organic thin film solar cells laid a good foundatio
12、n. In the next twenty years, the performance of the organic solar cell constantly improved. Germany Heliatek recently reported organic solar cell that the efficiency is more than 10%. However, compared with inorganic solar cell photoelectric conversion efficiency is still far away, to improve the ph
13、otoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cells is present and future research priorities. There are many methods to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells. From its working principle, the photoelectric conversion efficiency depends on the efficiency of photon absorption, the exciton
14、 diffusion efficiency, the exciton separation efficiency, and the electrode of the carrier collection efficiency. The HI introduction of bulk heterojunction is one of the effective methods of improving the exciton diffusion efficiency. However, in the bulk heterojunction, the microscopic structure o
15、f the mixed layer is not uniform. The continuity of the donor or acceptor molecules can not control. It is difficult to guarantee that the carriers have a better transmission performance, which limits the improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the bulk heterojunction OPV. Therefor
16、e, basing on the conventional heterojunction OPV, we introduce the gradient doping system in the mixed layer, while ensuring a high exciton diffusion efficiency at the same time, so that formed between molecules of the same material in the mixed layer is preferably a continuous the network structure
17、, and effectively improve the collection efficiency of the carriers. In the experiments, one of the devices with the structure of ITO/CuPc(10nm)/CuPc:C6 (2:l)(4nm)/CuPc:C6 (1.5:l)(4nm)/CuPc:C6 (l:l)(4nm)/Cu Pc:C6(l:1.5)(4nm)/CuPc:C6 (l:2)(4nm)/C6 (30nm)/Bphen(8nm)/Al(100nm) shows improvement of perf
18、ormance: short-circuit current Jsc = 9.18 mA/cm2, photoelectric conversion efficiency riP= 1.35% under AM1.5 solar illumination. Compared with the traditional bulk heterojunction OPV ITO/CuPc(10nm)/CuPc:C6 (l:l)(20 nm)/C6 (30nm)/Bphen(8nm)/Al(100nm), the 尸 is improved by 25%, which is attributed to
19、the improvement of percolating paths of donor and acceptor molecules across the entire mixing layer, thus increasing the charge collection efficiency. Consequently, the overall device series resistance is reduced and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is enhanced. In addition, from the perspect
20、ive of the structure of the device, the anode buffer layer is often applied between the OPV device ITO anode and the electron donor, which can effectively block the migration of the electrons toward the anode, thereby reducing the leakage current of the device, improve the performance of the device.
21、 After comparing of some of the more commonly used barrier material PEDOT: PSS, Mo03, V2O5, W03, the organic material of NPB and TPTPA are IV chosen as an anode buffer layer because of the lower growth temperature, lower growth rate and easy to control. In the experiments, we prepared a structure of
22、 ITO/buffer layer/CuPc(20nm)/C6 (40nm)/ Bphen(8nm)/Al(100nm) OPV devices. The results turned out to be that introducing the TPTPA as the buffer layer, the device performance is effectively enhanced. For optimizing the thickness of TPTPA layer, we prepared structure ITO/TPTPA(x nm)/CuPc(20-x nm)/C6 (
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