1998考研英语真题阅读详解(共39页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 1998年阅读真题精解Text 1 Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to
2、be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good. The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesnt help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypts leadership in the Arab w
3、orld was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkeys bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam. But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left all in return for a giant reservoir of
4、disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge comp
5、lex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself. Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its a
6、dvisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed. Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroel
7、ectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You dont need a dam to be saved.51. The third sentence of paragraph 1
8、implies that _.A people would be happy if they shut their eyes to realityB the blind could be happier than the sightedC over-excited people tend to neglect vital thingsD fascination makes people lose their eyesight52. In paragraph 5, the powerless probably refers to _.A areas short of electricityB d
9、ams without power stationsC poor countries around IndiaD common people in the Narmada Dam area53. What is the myth concerning giant dams?A They bring in more fertile soil.B They help defend the country.C They strengthen international ties.D They have universal control of the waters.54. What the auth
10、or tries to suggest may best be interpreted as _.A Its no use crying over spilt milkB More haste, less speedC Look before you leapD He who laughs last laughs best 核心词汇1. few 没有几个,含否定意思,little 没有一点儿,含否定意思;2. capture 抓住,捕获,吸引住3. like 比如,像,喜欢4. giant 巨人,巨型物;gigantic 巨大的5. at the mercy of 任摆布或控制;6. floo
11、d and drought 洪涝和旱灾;earthquake 地震;tsunami 海啸;7. ideal 理想,理想的8. do our bidding 按我们的要求办事9. fascinate 对着迷;fascinating 着迷的10. threaten 威胁11. do more harm than good 弊大于利12. lesson 教训;teach me a lesson 给我一个教训;lessen 减轻13. symbol 象征14. achieve 达到;获得成就;achiever 获得成就的人;achievement 成就15. strive to 努力做16. asse
12、rt 说明,宣称,认为17. cement 水泥引申为:巩固,加强18. bid 投标;申请19. tend to 易于,倾向于20. work 起作用;21. as 正如,复习as的六大考点22. intended 所料想的;相当于expected=desired=anticipated =designated23. depriveof 剥夺;相当于robof=deny sth24. fertile 肥沃的;多产的25. in return 作为回报26. reserve 保留,预定;reservation; reservoir水库27. sothat 如此以致28. barely=hard
13、ly=scarcely 几乎不29. generate 产生;regenerate再生;regenerable 可再生的30. myth 神话,不现实的东西;相当于illusion 幻觉;31. civilized 文明的;civilization 文明32. stop just short of 差一点儿就; be short of 缺少;缺乏33. contention 争吵;争论34. complex 综合工程;综合物;联合体;复杂的;35. bid for =apply for 申请36. go-ahead =permission容许,许可37. cause 造成,引起;原因;事业38
14、. hardship 困境;苦难39. powerless 无权利的;powerful 当权的;强大的40. far from 远非;绝不41. guarantee 保证;确保;担保42. proper 恰当的,合理的43. study 研究44. impact 影响,相当于influence=effect45. resolve 解决,相当于solve=settle;决心,决议46. power 电;电源;power-off 断电;47. irrigation 灌溉48. monster 怪物,在此引申为巨大的49. deal with 解决;对付,与交往50. hard 艰难的,困难的;强硬
15、的;51. wrong-headed 执迷不悟的52. hydro-electric 水电的难句精解Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. 这个句子中包含了一个强调句型,基本结构是it is. that.,强调部分的关键词是suffering,这个词就是后面that引导的从句的主语,因而这个句子的核心句其实就是Suffering mak
16、es the ideal so fascinating。名词suffering加上前后的修饰限定成分是humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought(人类受水旱灾害控制的长期的苦难);ideal后面跟了一个of引导的分词短语:forcing the waters to do our bidding(让河水听我们吩咐的这个理想);后面的so fascinating做宾补。 It doesnt help that building a big, powerful dam had become a symbol of achie
17、vement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. 这个句子中第一个单词it指代的是文章中上面的一句话,即“从大型水坝中得到的教训是:大的不一定就是好的”。help后面是一个从句,在这个从句中,主语是一个现在分词短语,核心句是Building a dam had become a symbol of achievement。分词短语striving to assert themselves是修饰nations and people的限定成分。 The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the N
18、ile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. 这个句子首先要注意的是有两个谓语:stopped和deprived;然后可以找出这个句子的核心句:The Aswan Dam stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the si
19、lt。第一个silt后面有一个that引导的从句that floods left修饰silt;破折号后面的all代替的是破折号前面所说的the fertile silt,介词短语in return for后面的宾语带了一个which引导的从句,修饰的是这个宾语:a giant reservoir of disease,同时这个从句中还有一个so. that的结构。如果把这个which引导的从句分解开来就是The reservoir is now full of silt, so it barely generates electricity。 此句理解的关键有三个:一是找到两个谓语:stopp
20、ed和deprived;二是要明白all指的是前面所说的the fertile silt;三就是which引导的从句修饰的是the reservoir of disease这个名词短语。 This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. 这个句子理解的困难可能出现在短语上。撇开前面的时间状语和地点状语不看,这个句子的核心句其实是Sl
21、ovaks and Hungarians stopped sending troops。这里有两个短语需要理解:short of差一点就;send in派遣。后面的in their contention over a dam说的是他们sending in the troops的原因。再加上前后的状语短语,就有了一个完整理解。 这个句子的短语和介词非常重要,除了结构分析中所说的两个短语之外,in the contentions,over a dam,on the Danube都对句子理解非常重要。 Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams a
22、nd of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. 这个句子的核心句是Study can help to resolve conflicts。但是理解的重点却在study后面的修饰成分,因为study后面有两个并列关系的of,说明了study的内容:study of the impacts of dams和study of the cost and benefits of controlling water。第三个of修饰的是the cost and benefits两个名词
23、,of后面是个动名词短语。这个修饰成分解决了,后面的句子就好理解了,再注意一下help to do sth.的用法。 主要是四个of的用法,注意哪两个of是并列关系(of the impacts和of the cost and benefits)。试题解析51. C 意为:过于兴奋的人容易忽视极为重要的事情。 第一段指出,在重大技术所创造的东西中,很少有比大坝更能体现人的幻想的。也许是因为人类长期遭受洪涝和干旱的袭击,使人类(通过筑坝)制服洪水的愿望显得更加令人兴奋不已(该句是一个强调句,基本句型是:it is. that makes. so fascinating)。这两句谈的是人们的愿望;
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