专八历年翻译真题详解.doc
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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流专八历年翻译真题详解.精品文档.【2001年8级测试英译汉】Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels1. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the
2、 high2. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it3. There is no happiness except a
3、s we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties4. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”5. The mortal flaw in
4、the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless6.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard of the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of
5、difficulty7. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.【概述】这是一篇说理性的议论文,文章评论美国19世纪哲学家、思想家、作家亨利大
6、卫梭罗对人生幸福的看法。用词正式,逻辑严谨,哲理性强。译好这类文章有一定难度,但在近年的8级考试中出现的概率较高,不可忽视。翻译时要注意整篇文章的逻辑关系,特别注意语篇的连贯和衔接。【翻译要点评析】1. Thoreau: Henry David Thoreau (1817 1862), 美国哲学家、作家、“一个人的乌托邦”的倡导者和实践者,年轻时代师从美国“先验论者”爱默生,其论著在美国有一定影响。idea of the low levels和idea of the high, 是梭罗所理解的“低层次境界”和“高层次境界”。2. active discipline: 主动律己;heighten
7、ing ones perception: 提高自己的感悟能力;what is enduring in nature: 自然界永恒存在之物;在his idea of the high短语中,后边省略了levels,与上句idea of the low levels相对应。3. gist: 与essence同义,意为“精要;精髓”。此句可译为“全力以赴,便是其精髓所在”。4. short of: 除之外。short of the impossible 可译为“除了不可能做的事情之外”。Yeats:William Butter Yeats, 叶芝(1865 1939)爱尔兰诗人及剧作家,曾获1923
8、年诺贝尔文学奖。as Yeats put it: 正像叶芝说得那样。5. Robert Frost: 罗伯特弗罗斯特(18741963),美国著名诗人,曾4次获得美国普利策诗歌奖。taking painbs: 吃苦;努力。例如:It takes pains to learn a foreign language well.学好一门外语非吃苦不可。 6. mortal flaw: 致命的缺陷。advertised 应理解为popular, made known, 即“世人宣扬的”,“世俗的”。Purport:意味着;大意是。7. arbitrary imposition of difficult
9、y: 任意施加难度于;人为设定难度。【参考译文】梭罗所理解的“低层次境界”是,为了拥有而去拥有,或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的“高层次境界”,则是这样一种积极的人生戒律,即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力,他可以将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑,梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿,但在饮食方面所投入的精力仅裹腹而已,只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务,除此,别无他求。努力才是其精髓。没有磨砺, 何来幸福。 叶芝说过,除了难以可为的事情,人生的幸福大小就在于所选择的难度高低。罗伯特弗罗斯特也有“以苦为乐”之类的说法,他与叶芝英雄所见略同。世人所宣扬的那种幸
10、福观,其致命错误就在于它认为,幸福似乎可以唾手可得。甚至于游戏也离不开难度。没有了难度也就没有了游戏。游戏之道恰恰在于难中作乐。游戏规则就是人为设定的难度。不依规则便叫人意兴阑珊。下棋时随心所欲、信马由缰会赢得很爽但没劲儿。唯有进退有尺有度方才趣味横生。不难便无趣儿。【2002年8级测试英译汉】The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings1. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winne
11、r is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society2.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putti
12、ng on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others3. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable4. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are
13、not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge5. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers6. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not t
14、otally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them7.Winners do not play“helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game8. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.【概述】这是一篇议论文,议题讨论人生的核心问题成功与失败。虽然涉及的题目人人皆知,但对其真实内涵却仁者见仁,智者见智。该文语言精炼,讲究修辞,采用对比、排比等手法加强语气。翻译时应注意上下文的逻辑关系,注意修辞格的翻译技巧。【翻译要点评析】1. “w
15、inner”和“loser”这两个词是该文的关键词,一开头能否正确选择好词义将影响到整篇文章的翻译。一般情况下,译为“赢家”和“输家”,或“胜者”和“败者”。但本文第一句就说,这两个词have many meanings。这就意味着本文所讨论的winner并不是传统意义上的“赢家”或“胜者”,下文对winner的定义就说明了本文的winner与传统定义不同。鉴于此,我们可以将winner译为“成功者”或“智者”。2. authentically: 自然地;没有假装地;由衷地。此句的关键是译好4个形容词,这是对成功者品质下的定义。credible: 有诚信的;trustworthy: 可依靠的;
16、可信赖的;responsive: 反应敏捷的;敏感的;genuine: 诚实的;不虚伪的。此句可译为“成功者的一切反应均由衷而发,富有诚信,值得信赖,反应敏捷,从不虚伪”,句子读起来非常有节奏感。3.they imagine 是插入成分。What they imagine they should be 直译过来就是“他们自己认为该成为的样子”,也可以说“他们的自我臆想”。rather: 相反。they are themselves: “他们保持其本色”,用中国的一句古语就是“我仍故我”。as such 的本意是“诸如此类的人或物”,此处可以顺接上句译成“正因如此”。putting on a p
17、erformance: 做作;作秀;装腔作势。maintaining pretence: 自命不凡。manipulate 原意为“巧妙的操纵别人”,这里可译成“对别人指手画脚”。4.此句中 “being“ 是“真的在做”, “acting”是 “假装在做”,这是译好句中三个排比句式的关键。being loving and acting loving可译为“真爱和装爱”;being stupid and acting stupid可译为 “真傻和装傻”;being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable可译为“博学和卖弄”。5. “are not afrai
18、d to do”: 无畏于; 从不怯于; “to do their own thinking”: 独立思考;用自己的知识独立判断;独当一面。6. 此句中,facts与opinions两者是互为矛盾的,facts指“事实”,opinions不是传统意义上的“意见”或“观点”,而是“议论”或“传闻”,因此才有句子They can separate facts from opinions; “成功者能够区分事实与传闻“。7. 此句中有4个排比式的过去分词,译起来比较困难,因为它们的词义差别很微妙。be defined by them原意是“由他人来界定,来规定”,此句则理解为“受制于他人”。be d
19、emolished by them 可译为“被他们所摧垮”。be bound by them b可译为“被他们所束缚”。be awed by them 可译为“被他们所吓倒”。8. 此句中,不要将两个play 译成“玩”或“耍”。Play在这里是生动的比喻词。可译为:成功者不故意“示弱”,也从不怨天尤人”。【参考译文】“成功者”和“失败者”这两个词含义很多。当我们将某人称作成功者时,我们并非指他是一个让别人失败的人。对我们来说,成功者乃是这样一个人,无论作为一个个人抑或作为社会的一分子,他的一切反应均由衷而发,富有诚信,值得信赖,反应敏捷,从不虚伪。成功者不会穷其毕生之精力,执着于自我之臆想。
20、相反,他们会保持自己的本色。正因如此,他们不装腔作势,不自命不凡,不对别人指手画脚。他们知道,真爱不同于装爱,真傻有异于装傻、博学有别于卖弄。成功者无需面具来伪装。成功者无畏于独立思考,无畏于独立判断、独当一面。他们能够在事实与传闻之间明辨是非,不会假称自己无所不晓。他们倾听别人意见,择善从之,最终得出自己的结论。成功者敬仰尊重别人,但他不会受制于人、不会被他们所摧垮、不被他们所束缚、不会被他们所吓倒。成功者不故意“示弱”,也从不怨天尤人。他们会毅然肩负起人生的责任。【2003年8级测试英译汉】In his classic novel,“The Pioneers”, James Fenimor
21、e Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building1. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis2. But his cousin looks around bewildered3. All she ses is a forest.“Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?”
22、She asks4. Hes astonished she cant see them.“Where! Why everywhere,”he replies5. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating6 a distinctly American trait, future-mi
23、ndedness7; the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come8. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being. ”9 【概述】这是一篇关于美国文学的评论性文章,短文评论美国著名作家詹姆斯费尼
24、莫库珀(James Fenimore Cooper)的小说拓荒者(The Pioneer)。文中主人公是一位土地开发商,带着他的表妹游览一座待开发的城市。从而揭示了美国人特有的一种性格前瞻意识。虽然语言的理解不算难,但涉及到美国人独特的处事视角,对于中国读者来说,接触较少,很难有作者那种深刻的体会。对于我们陌生的主题或文化视角,翻译时应注意尽量用“直译”,少些个人发挥,但其文章的风格,则要通过译文充分地展示出来,特别要注意描写人和物的形容词和副词的翻译。【翻译要点评析】1. 此句中有两个专有名词,涉及美国著名作家James Fenimore Cooper (詹姆斯费尼莫库珀)和他的小说The
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