服务贸易壁垒指数的测量-英文.doc
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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流服务贸易壁垒指数的测量-英文.精品文档.The measurement of Trade Barriers Index of Trade in ServicesWang leiBusiness Information Management School Shanghai Institute of Foreign TradeShanghai, ChinaEmail:ahdoneywangAbstract: The exist study of trade barriers of trade in services is summarized a
2、nd appraised by the author, and method of trade barriers measurement of trade in services is applied by dynamical statistical indexes. Passche index of trade barriers of trade in services is applied by the author by decomposition of combined index and conversion of average number index. Key words: t
3、rade barriers of Trade in Services, statistical index, Index decomposition1. Introduction1.1 Internalization and globalization have been the irreversible development trend with the progress of human civilization. With the economic development of a country, the action of international trade brings ab
4、out a striking effect. If a country becomes more developed, it will have more chance to open new channel on division of the labor. It will push further development of national economy.1.2 In the study of international trade, trade barrier research has been an important subject because it is key poin
5、t of benefit allocation related with bilateral or multilateral trade. During the development of international trade, goods trade has substantial trade trait. Hence, at the beginning development of goods trade, goods trade controlled the intensity of trade barrier through tariff. It will make the mea
6、surement of trade barrier easier. Under the trend of international free trade, the function that the tariff used to control goods trade barrier is not notable as before. However, non-tariff barrier plays an important role of controlling the goods trade barrier, which includes technology barrier, gre
7、en barrier and so on. It is hard to measure these non-tariff barrier indices. Trade in services itself is unsubstantial, and the process is not supervised by custom. Hence, trade in services barrier mainly derives from whether exporter has the right of opening a business or is entitled to national t
8、reatment based on the third pattern. Obviously, the intensity of trade in services barrier is up to importer policy. That is why it is hard to measure the index.1.3 The existing study of trade in services barrier is composed of the following,n The first is the qualitative study. It is developed by s
9、ome scholars and considered based on international trade law and formation mechanism. For example, Roberts (2000), Cong-peng Guo (2001), Bo-lin Ye (2002), Xiao-bai Jin (2010). The qualitative study is mainly analyzed by the mechanism and principle of trade in services barrier formation. And it is di
10、scussed how to control trade in services barrier logically. As a result, it could not bring a quantitative conclusion to trade in services barrier.n The second is built on trade in services barrier letter of commitment and schedule of specific commitment. It is measured through the method of frequen
11、cy by some scholars. For example, Hoekman(1995), Claessens, Glaessner(1998), Mattoo(1998), Nguyen-Hong(2000),Warren(2001), McGuire,Schuele(2001),McGuire (2001),Valckx (2002), Hun-yi Guo (2001), Bin Sheng (2002), Xiao-geng Tian and Xiao-hong Yin (2008). In fact, it is a synthetic evaluation method. T
12、he key of frequency method is how to assess index weight. Different countries have different emphasis and different understanding and policies. Therefore, the weight of each evaluation index is different. The result need to be further discussed whether they are comparable.n The third is based on eco
13、nometric model to compare under the ideal environment of free trade and the substantial environment of trade in services barrier by some scholars. Then, the intensity of trade in services barrier is indirectly measured. For example, Hoekman (1999), Dee, Hanslow, Phamdue(2000), Nguyen,Hong (2000), Ra
14、y Trewin, Kairajan, Kang(2001), Warren(2001),Gonene and Nieoleti (2001), Dihel, Shepherd (2007), Lin-yan Yu(2005), Fang Peng (2005) and Lei Wang (2010). This method is relevant to many economic factors. As a result, it is not easy to build an appropriate model. Moreover, the data also make calibrati
15、on more complex and difficult because of the following reason. l The difficulty of collecting datal The comparability of the datal The variability of the datal The mutual influence among variable 1.4 The above study is static and the research object is an absolute value at certain time. Because trad
16、e in services barrier is the product of policy and system, it is difficult to be quantized an absolute value.1.5 Based on the above analysis, the author hopes to measure trade in services barrier by an index system. Furthermore, the dynamic measurement method will give more accurate analysis.2. Trad
17、e in services barrier index2.1 Index is the result based on comparing the same index in two different periods, which are report period and base period. It could show a dynamic change from base period to report period.2.2 The individual index is to measure specific study object, and the formula is (1
18、)Where = individual index, = specific index in the report period, and = specific index in the base period.2.3 The general index is to measure the total index of study object.2.4 When the same index from multiple study objects is measured, it could not be calculated by counting simple individual inde
19、x to get synthetic index. It is because the unit of measurement is differential to the same index, and the weight of the different individual is also differential to the same index. Therefore, the same measurement factor needs to be introduced to do synthetic calculation and form synthetic index. (2
20、)Where = measurement factor.2.5 The level of trade in services includes import and export levels. Yet trade in services barrier index could be considered to be a synthesis result from various econometric factors based on the level of trade in services. Trade in services barrier plays an important ro
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