第8课韩国和其他快速发展的亚洲国家外刊经贸知识选读,每课重要知识点,串讲,课文翻译.doc
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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流第8课韩国和其他快速发展的亚洲国家外刊经贸知识选读,每课重要知识点,串讲,课文翻译.精品文档.第8课 韩国和其他快速发展的亚洲国家其进步和问题Here Comes Korea, Inc.一、(Excerpts)(摘录)Like Japan in the 1960s, the old “Hermit Kingdom” is poised for将迎来 an assault 冲击on the worlds markets像20世纪60年代的日本一样,一个古老的“闭关自守的国家”已准备好向世界市场发起冲击。The ritual begins sho
2、rtly after dawn.As the early morning light filters through the windows of Lucky-Goldstars towering corporate headquarters in Seoul, Koo Cha-Kyung, chairman of the $8 billion conglomerate, issues instructions that echo around the world.In Huntsville, Ala., 200 factory workers are producing a million
3、Goldstar color televisions yearly.In Californias Silicon Valley Koos white-frocked research scientists delve into the mysteries of state-of-the-art semiconductor technology.In Jubail, Saudi Arabia, the company is putting the final touches on a sprawling new petrochemical complex.It is an impressive
4、display of global reach, and a harbinger of things to come.As one of Koos lieutenants puts it: “Our future lies in becoming a truly global company.”黎明后,仪式开始。当晨光透过汉城乐喜金星公司高耸的总部大厦的窗户时,这家拥有80亿美元资本的跨行业公司董事长具滋暻向全世界发布了引起反响的指示。在阿拉巴马州的亨茨维尔,200名产业工人每年生产100万台“金星”彩电。在加利福尼亚的硅谷,身着白色工装的研究人员在探索目前最先进的半导体技术的秘密。在沙特阿拉
5、伯的著拜尔,该公司正在进行一个新的宠大石油化学企业的最后试验。这充分显示了其全球的势力范围,也是即发生的许多事情的预兆。正如具滋暻的一名下属所言:“我们的未来就是成为一个真正的全球性公司。”For South Korea as a whole, that seems as much a prophecy as an ambition.Like Japan in the 1960s, the country is poised for an assault on the worlds export markets.Its surging $81 billion economy is churni
6、ng out a flood of increasingly sophisticated products, from shoes, toys and telephones to video recorders and microprocessors.Koreas mighty conglomerates dominate Middle East construction, and they command key shares of the worlds shipbuilding, textile and steel industries.Their affiliates, joint ve
7、ntures and subsidiaries girdle the globe, stretching from Australia, Indonesia and India to Norway, Spain and Gabon, Hyundai and Daewoo, with annual sales of $10 billion and $6 billion respectively, are pushing into the U.S.auto market, riveting the attention of American and Japanese manufacturers.A
8、nother colossus, the $9 billion Samsung, has started marketing a “super-tech” 256K computer chipencouraging some Koreans to speak confidently of the day when they will become the worlds second largest manufacturer of basic electronic components, outstripping America and running just behind Japan.对整个
9、韩国来说,那似乎不仅是个预言,也是个理想;像20世纪60年代的日本一样,这个国家准备向世界出口市场发起攻击。它迅速崛起的规模达810亿美元的经济体正大量生产越来越先进的产品,从鞋、玩具和电话到录像机和微处理器无所不包。韩国实力雄厚的跨行业公司支配着中东地区的建筑业,并控制着世界造船业、纺织业和钢铁工业的主要份额。这些公司的附属企业、合资公司和子公司遍布全球,从澳大利亚、印度尼西亚、印度到挪威、西班牙和加蓬都有;年销售额分别为100亿美元和60亿美元的现代公司和大宇公司正在进入美国的汽车市场,这引起了美国和日本厂商的注意。另外一个大企业,年销售额90亿美元的三星公司,已开始推销一种“超高科” 2
10、56K计算机芯片这使一些韩国人自信他们有一天将超过美国,成为仅次于日本的世界上第二大基础电子元件生产国。Might: Korea, once known as the “Hermit Kingdom,” is plainly on the move.As with “Japan, Inc.” before it, the new label “Korea, Inc.” may be no more than a trendy buzzword.But South Korea aims to forge just such a national economic machine, using t
11、he might of its established giants backed by centralized planners who can mobilize- the countrys banks and industrial infrastructure.The heady dreams of actually rivaling Japan may never come within reach; Koreas economy, while large by Asian standards, is barely one-fifteenth the size of its island
12、 neighbor.And it faces a gantlet of other obstacles, ranging from an unwieldy bureaucracy and a volatile political climate to a chronic shortage of investment capital and heavy commitments to military spending.Still, the comparisons with Japan, Inc.are more than empty flattery; in fact, they signal
13、Koreas gathering clout.力量:曾被称为“隐士王国”的韩国正在阔步前行。可能“韩国公司”会像此前的“日本公司”一样仅仅是一个时髦词。但韩国的目的就是利用其地位稳固的大企业的力量来建成强大的国家经济机器,而大企业又都是由那些能动员国家银行和工业基础设施的中央集权的计划者所支持的。实际上那种可与日本媲美的梦想或许永远也无法实现;以亚洲的标准来衡量,韩国的经济规模不算小,但仅是其岛国邻居日本经济规模的十五分之一。而且还面临着其他重重困难,从难操作的官僚机构和多变的政治气候到长期的投资资本短缺和大量的军备开支。尽管如此,与“日本有限公司”相提并论并不是空洞的恭维话;事实上,这标志着
14、韩国不断扩大的影响力。Those signs have not been lost on the West.From Washington to Tokyo, Bonn to Rome, governments are eying Koreas challenge with unease.Justified or not, the view is that the Koreans are aggressively targeting Western markets for an all-out export blitz.Already there are hints of a protecti
15、onist backlash.European manufacturers shuddered as $4.1 billion worth of Korean goods flowed into their home markets last year.And in the United States, 13 antidumping suits were brought against Korean firms.The doubling of countrys trade deficit with South Koreato a conspicuous, if still relatively
16、 modest, $3.5 billiontouched off a groundswell of concern in Congress and the White House.西方世界并没有忽视这些迹象。从华盛顿到东京,从波恩到罗马,各国政府都在不安地盯着韩国的挑战。不管是真是假,韩国似乎正在虎视眈眈地瞄准西方市场,以开始其全面的出口闪电式行动。目前已出现了保护主义强烈抵制的迹象。去年,价值41亿美元的韩国商品涌入欧洲市场,欧洲厂商战栗了。在美国有13起针对韩国公司的反倾销起诉。美国和韩国之间的贸易赤字增加了1倍达到35亿美元,虽然还算适度,但已经足够引起人们注意了这使国会和白宫的担忧日益
17、增长。Not surprisingly, no country is more worried than Japan.Fearful that rapidly modernizing Korean rival will intrude on its foreign and domestic markets, Japan has fought to keep the Koreans from appropriating its technologies.Koreas entry into the global video market, for instance, has been delaye
18、d for years by an embargo enforced by Japanese licensers.But the Japanese will not be able to keep a lid on their high-tech know-how forever.Sooner or later they will begin to lose their edge, much as the United States did against Japan.“History is repeating itself,” says Eji Yamashita, general mana
19、ger of the Daiwa Securities Research Institute in Tokyo.Adds another Japanese executive: “There is still a 10-year gap (between out countries), but it is quickly eroding.”当然,没有哪个国家比日本更担忧了。日本害怕迅速现代化的对手韩国会侵占其国内外市场,所以极力阻止韩国获得其先进技术。例如由于日本技术拥有者禁止对韩国企业转让相关技术,韩国进入全球音像市场被推迟了好几年。但日本不可能永远使其高科技保密,正如过去美国和日本的竞争一
20、样,日本也迟早会失去其优势。东京的大和证券研究所的总经理山下荣思说:“历史总在重演”另外一个日本企业高层也指出:“我们两国之间还有十年的差距,但它正在一点点地消失。”Strategy: South Koreas emergence as a world-class economic power has been startlingly rapid.Four decades of Japanese colonial rule, followed by the bloody Korean War, left the country psychologically scarred and econo
21、mically bereft.In 1961, when Gen.Park Chung Hee seized power in a military coup, yearly per capita income hovered at a barebones $100.Park committed Korea to exporting its way out of poverty, and his strategy was as simple as it was effective: shower the countrys fledging conglomerates with huge sub
22、sidies, government-backed loans and official favors and turn them into the worlds suppliers of bargain-basement textiles, footwear and light industrial goods.策略:韩国以令人惊讶的速度成为世界级经济强国。在经受日本40年的殖民统治和随后的残酷朝鲜战争之后,该国在心理上伤痕累累,经济上一贫如洗。1961年,当朴正熙将军在一次军事政变中夺取政权时,其年人均收人一直在少得不能再少的100美元左右徘徊。朴正熙决定要通过出口使韩国摆脱贫困,他的策略
23、既简单又有效:给本国新兴的跨行业公司以大量的补助金、政府担保的贷款和官方的优惠政策,使其成为世界上价格低廉的纺织品、鞋类和轻工业品的供应国。More recently, Korea has benefited from some unabashed borrowing of Japanese business practices.At the Han Ryuk Electronics Co.on the outskirts of Seoul, for example, all 350 employees wear uniforms, the color and style depending
24、on the job.The plant recently held a competition to come up with a company song, and wall placards exhort workers to “Improve Quality,” “Boost Exports.” And true to their which meet after work once a week to discuss ways to improve productivity.最近,韩国毫不掩饰地借用了日本企业的做法并从中受益。例如在汉城郊区的韩六电子公司,350名员工都穿着制服,颜色
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