创造性解决问题ppt课件.ppt
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1、“Imagination is more important than knowledge.”“想象力比知识更重要。”- Albert EinsteinCreative Problem Solving创造性解决问题创造性解决问题Course Objective: 课程目标:课程目标:To develop techniques for resolving work based problems in a creative and innovative way.以一种创造和革新的方式发展解决以一种创造和革新的方式发展解决工作中问题的技巧。工作中问题的技巧。You will learn:nTo id
2、entify clearly objectives to be achieved. 清楚地了解要取得的目标nThe barriers to problem solving 解决问题的障碍nHow to develop a problem-solving model 如何发展一种解决问题的模式Creative Problem Solving创造性解决问题创造性解决问题You will learn:nTo improve problem solving skills by the use of the fishbone and why-why techniques. 利用鱼骨法和为什么-为什么法提
3、高解决问题的技巧nHow to develop a decision-making model 如何发展一种决策模式nHow to develop creative and internal thinking 如何发展创造性和内在思维Creative Problem Solving创造性解决问题创造性解决问题How to Perceive Problems?如何看待问题?如何看待问题?nThere are no problems. 没有问题。nEvery problem is an opportunity in disguise. 每一个问题都是一个潜在的机会。What is a proble
4、m?问题是什么?问题是什么?“It is a gap between a current and a desired state” 问题就是目前的情况和你渴望得到的状态之间的差距。It is a barrier, obstacle, restrain, etc. that hinders smooth progress, reduces effectiveness and requires analysis before action is taken.问题是一种障碍、阻拦、抑制,它阻碍问题是一种障碍、阻拦、抑制,它阻碍着事情的顺利发展,使我们在行动之前着事情的顺利发展,使我们在行动之前减少对
5、有效性及需求的分析。减少对有效性及需求的分析。Creative Problem-solving Model 创造性解决问题模式创造性解决问题模式7 步步1. Problem Finding (Problem definition) 发现问题(问题的定义)2. Fact Finding (Problem description) 找到事实根据(问题的描述)3. Cause & Effect Analysis (Problem Analysis) 因果分析(问题的分析)4. Problem Statement问题的表述5. Imaginative Idea Production (Identify
6、 solutions) 产生富有想象力的办法(找到解决办法)6. Idea Screening (Verification of solution 筛选各种想法(确认解决办法)7. Implementation Plan 实施计划Problem Finding发现问题Symptoms 症状Problems 问题The Real Problesms真正的问题1. Problem Finding 发现问题发现问题Bank declined the loan request 银行拒绝了你的贷款要求Bank thinks that you have no debt paying ability银行认为
7、你没有还债能力Bank learns that your company made a large investment in a project wihich has not been completed 银行获悉你的公司在一个尚未完成的项目上投入了大笔资金One of your competitors made up the rumour that your company suffered a great loss in that project你的一个竞争对手散布谣言说你的公司在那个项目上损失巨大Identify the Problem 找出问题3. Cause-and-Effect
8、Analysis 因果分析因果分析The “Fishbone Diagram” “鱼骨图”The “Why-Why Diagram” “为什么-为什么分析法图”Analyzethe Problem 分析问题Steps to Develop a Fishbone Diagram 发展鱼骨分析法的步骤发展鱼骨分析法的步骤nIdentify the effect 明确现象nIdentify the major cause categories明确主要原因的种类nBrainstorm the possible caues of the problem 对产生问题的可能原因进行集思广益nAssess e
9、ach major cause category评定每个主要原因的种类nReach an agreement on the most likely cause(s) 在最可能的原因上取得一致意见Fishbone Diagram鱼骨分析图鱼骨分析图IncreasedProductCosts产品成本增加Possible “Cause” Categories可能的可能的“原因原因”种类种类nPeople, Places, Policies & Procedures (4 Ps) 人、地点、政策及程序nSuppliers, Skills, Systems & Surroundings (4 Ss) 供
10、应商、技巧、系统及环境nMethods, Materials, Machines (3Ms ) 方法、原料、设备和人# You can have any categories that suit your needs 你可能有适合你需要的别的分类IncreasedProductCosts产品成本增加Fishbone Diagram-Cause Categories鱼骨法分析原因种类鱼骨法分析原因种类Place地点Procedure程序People人Policies政策Building A Fishbone Diagram勾画一幅鱼骨图勾画一幅鱼骨图IncreasedProduct cost产品
11、成本增加Raw materialprice increased原材料价格上涨Land use rent increased土地租金上涨Electricitycost increased电的成本增加Transportationcost increased运输成本增加Bank interestrate increased银行利率上升Labour wages increased劳动工资增长Drawing A Why-Why Diagram画一幅为什么画一幅为什么-为什么分析图为什么分析图WHY?WHY?WHY?Market demanddecreased市场需求下降Product qualitylo
12、wered产品质量下降SalesReduced销售减少Costincreased成本增加The Companysuffered a loss公司遭受损失4. Problem Statement 阐述问题阐述问题nStated in short and precise words 以简短和准确的语言陈述nClear and unambiguous 清晰而不含糊nDefined in terms that will assist in the measurement of the outcome 按照有助于衡量结果的方式阐述问题5. Imaginative Idea Production 展开想象
13、,产生主意展开想象,产生主意nBrainstorming 集思广益nTrigger Sessions 举一反三nScenario writing or scenario daydreaming 场景写作或场景幻想nSuggestion schemes 建议方案GenerateSolutions产生解决办法Brainstorming集思广益集思广益Brainstorming is a technique to encourage group creativity: this process allows you to use the right brain which is the creati
14、ve part when compared to the logical thinking left brain. 集思广益是一种鼓励小组创造性的技巧:这一过程让你运用右脑的创造性功能,而不是左脑的逻辑思维。The Rules of Brainstorming集思广义之规则集思广义之规则nGo for Quantity 追求数量追求数量nPostpone Judgement 不急于判断Two types of brainstorming:集思广益的两种类型:集思广益的两种类型:nFreewheeling: Share ideas all at once and list all ideas a
15、s they are “shouted out”. 随心所欲式:随心所欲式:大家座在一起立刻分享主意,并且列出大家“喊出”的所有主意。nRound Robin: Everyone takes a turn offering an idea, anyone can pass on any turn, all continue until there are no more ideas and all ideas are listed as they are offered. 循环式:循环式:每个人依次提供一个主意,任何人也可随时插入主意,这样,一直循环直到没有主意再产生,同时这期间大家提供的所有
16、主意应该被列出来。The process of a brainstorming session: 集思广益方法:集思广益方法:nDont edit what is said and remember not to criticise ideas 不要改变或纠正别人所说的,并记住不要批评任何创意。nGo for quantity of ideas at this point; narrow down the list later 在这一阶段追求的是创意的数量,以后再缩减创意列单。nencourage wild or exaggerated ideas (creativity is the key
17、) 鼓励疯狂而夸张的创意(创造性是关键)nBuild on the ideas of others (e.g., one member might say something that spark another members ideas) 抛砖引玉(例如,可能某个人说出的某个主意突然就点燃了另一个人创意的火花。)Creative Thinking创造性思维创造性思维ZWhat blocks creativity? 是什么阻碍创造性?ZWhat encourages creativity? 是什么激励创造性?The Four Barriers to Creativity - BARS 阻碍创
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