时态和语态课件 (2).ppt
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1、 时态是谓语动词的形式,表动作发生的发生的时时间或所处的状态间或所处的状态.是由动词的不同形式来表现的,这就是动词的时态。动词的时态。英语时态英语时态共有16种,常考的有10种:一般现在时一般现在时(do/does) 一般过去时一般过去时 (did)一般将来时(一般将来时(shallwill do)过去将来时()过去将来时(should /would do)现在进行时()现在进行时(am/is/ are doing )过去进行时(过去进行时(was/were doing ) 将来进行时将来进行时(shall be doing) 现在完成时(现在完成时(have/has done)过去完成时过去
2、完成时(had done ) 现在完成进行时(现在完成进行时(have/has been doing )一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时将来进行时将来进行时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成时过去完成时将来完成时将来完成时记忆一下记忆一下)表现存的状态)表现存的状态、情况、情况He majors in Maths.I am a student now.The coat is very cheap.Does she work hard?Is there anything wrong with you?2)
3、表现阶段表现阶段经常性经常性、反复性或习惯性反复性或习惯性的的动作,常与表动作,常与表频度频度的的adv或时状连用。或时状连用。 always, usually, often, frequently,sometimes, occasionally,every, at, on Sunday,once a weekI go to school at 7 every morning.He is always ready to help others.He seldom watches TV. 3)表客观真理表客观真理、客观存在,科学事实和客观存在,科学事实和格言或警句中。格言或警句中。 A plan
4、e is faster than a car. Light travels faster than sound. The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.Columbus proved that the earth is round.He who doesnt reach the Great wall is not a true man.I _ping-pang quite well, but I havent had ti
5、me to play since the new year.A. will play B. have playedC. played D. playMonths ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _the Pacific, and we met no storms.(05Liaoning)A. was called B. is calledC. had been called D. has been called4)一般现在时的特殊用法一般现在时的特殊用法i:一般现在时代替过去时表过去:一般现在时代替过去时
6、表过去在宾从中,尽管主句用过去时,但从句所述内容为客观真理或经常性的动作,其谓动仍用一般现在时The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east.Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had hadii:一般现在时代替进行时一般现在时代替进行时在某些习惯性表达法中,表现正在发生的动作或存在的状态Here comes the bus!Ther
7、e goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.iii: 一般现在时表将来时一般现在时表将来时a. 表已安排或计划好,将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态时,通常为be, arrive, begin,go,leave,start,return等My birthday falls on April 24.The meeting is at 8:00a.m. tomorrow.Tomorrow we start for Shanghai.b.在含有条件、让步、时间状从的复合句中,从句用一般现在时表将来的动作(主将从现)We will try to finish the w
8、ork in time although we are short of manpower.1)表在)表在过去某一特定过去某一特定时间发生过的时间发生过的动作动作或存或存在的在的状态。常与表确切过去状态。常与表确切过去时状连用:时状连用:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982last night, just now等。等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Tianjin last
9、year. Did you get up early this morning?2)表过去)表过去经常性经常性、习惯性或反复发生习惯性或反复发生的动作。的动作。可与时状可与时状often连用连用,或或used to, would连用连用When I was a child, I often played football in the street.He always went to work by bus. He is no longer what he used to be. -If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been ba
10、ck by 6 oclock.-What a pity! Tina _here to see you.(2005 Hunan)A. is B. was C. would be D. has beenMy cousin went to Canada two years ago. He_ there for a few months and then went to America. (2006 Jiangxi)A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working All morning she waited for the
11、 medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_ .(2003)A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown(北京卷)(北京卷)22. Have you read the book called Waiting for Anya?(2010)Who _ it?A. writes B. has writtenC. wrote D. had written助动助动will动原:动原:在陈述句中用于各在陈述句中用于各人称,(人称,(shall:用于一人称,常被用于一人称,常被will 代替)。代替)。
12、在征求意见时常用于二人称在征求意见时常用于二人称。 Well go at six oclock tonight. Which paragraph shall I read first?Will you be at home at seven this evening?一般将来时有几种特殊形式,即形式上属于其他时态,但表一般将来时的实质含义:) am、is、are going to do:表示将来。表示将来。 a.表按计划表按计划、安排安排要发生的事或主观上已决定要发生的事或主观上已决定、打算要做的事打算要做的事The play is going to be produced next mont
13、h.What are you going to do tomorrow?We are going to see a movie tonight.I am going to buy a new car. b. 有迹象表明很可能要发生的事有迹象表明很可能要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.It is going to rain.2) be to do:表将来表将来 a.表约定、计划或按职责、义务要求表约定、计划或按职责、义务要求 即将发生的动作。即将发生的动作。 We are to discuss the repo
14、rt next Saturday. The sports meet is to take place on Saturday. We are to meet at the station at 4 this afternoon.b.表说话人的意图,职责,义务,命令表说话人的意图,职责,义务,命令、禁禁止或可能性,具有止或可能性,具有“必要必要”的强制性意的强制性意义义You are to return the book before Friday.Tell her she is not to be back late.We are to discuss the report next Sund
15、ay.3) be about to do:表立刻发生的动作,表立刻发生的动作, “立即立即”,“马上马上”不久就要不久就要 He is about to leave for Qingdao . be about towhen就要做就要做 。这时。这时I was about to go out when the telephone rang.be about to 不能与不能与tomorrow, next week 等表明确将来时的时状连用。等表明确将来时的时状连用。The film is about to begin. 用于条件句时,用于条件句时,be going to表将来表将来 will表
16、意愿表意愿 If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.(愿意(愿意 情态动词)情态动词) be to do: 表客观安排或受人指示而做某表客观安排或受人指示而做某事。事。 be going to do:则表示主观的打算或计则表示主观的打算或计划。划。I am to play
17、football tomorrow afternoon. (客客观安排观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观打算主观打算) 4)用于瞬间动词如begin, start ,come, go, leave等的一般现在时或现在进行时表即将发生的动作We start at 6 and arrive at the station at 7.The train is leaving .They are leaving for Tibet.Our manager is giving a report this afternoon.-Your
18、 job_ open for your return.-Thanks. (2006 Beijing )A.will be kept B. will keepC. had kept D. had been keptLets keep to the point or we _any decisions. (2004)A.will never reach B. have never reachedC. never reach D. never reachedIn such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they_.(2001
19、Shanghai) A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will surviveIve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _my mum. (2001Beijing spring)A. am taking B. have takenC. take D. will have takenLadies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_.(2006 Fujian)A. takes off B. is
20、taking offC. has taken off D. took offLook at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4025_at 18:20. (2006 Sichuan )A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has takenI think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he_ home for dinner.A. come B. c
21、omes C. has come D. will come(全国全国II)14. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been increasingC. have increased D. would be increasingIV.过去将来时过去将来时表从过去某一时间开始将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾从中“would/should +do”, “was/were going to do”, “was /were to +do”, “was
22、/were about to+ do”等都是构成形式The students said they would go to visit the Great Wall the next day.He said that he was going to live in the countryside.They were to finish the task on Friday afternoon.He was about to go when his father came back.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he_ offic
23、e soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?-I_, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did-Come on in, Peter, I want to show you something.-Oh, how nice of you! I_ you _to bring me a gift. A. never think, are going B. never th
24、ought; were going C. didnt think; were going D. hadnt thought; were going1). 表此时此刻正在进行的动作表此时此刻正在进行的动作,常与常与now, at the moment, for the time being, for the present等表现在时间的状语连用等表现在时间的状语连用. What are you doing here? We are waiting for the bus. The students are reading books. Are the children playing now?2
25、). 习惯进行:表近段时间主要进行的动习惯进行:表近段时间主要进行的动作。(说话时不一定正在进行)。作。(说话时不一定正在进行)。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.说话时并未说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。在写,只处于写作的状态。 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.They are learning Chinese in Tianjin.-Whats he doing this week?-Hes writing a book.3).进行时与进行时与always,usually,often, constantly
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