全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译.pdf
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1、-unit 4Was Einstein a Space Alien?1 Albert Einstein was exhausted. For the third night in a row, his babyson Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn. When Albertfinally dozed off . it was time to get up and go to work. He couldnt skip a day. He needed the job to support his young family.1.
2、阿尔伯特 .爱因斯坦精疲力竭。他幼小的儿子汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停,弄得全家人直到天亮都无法入睡。 阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时, 已是他起床上班的时候了。他不能一天不上班,他需要这份工作来养活组建不久的家庭。2 Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a Technical Expert,Third Class, Albert w orried about his mother. She was getting older andfrail, and she didnt approve of his marriage to Mile
3、va. Relations werestrained. Albert glanced at a passing shop window. His hair was a mess;he had forgotten to comb it again.2.阿尔伯特是专利局三等技术专家。在快步去专利局上班的路上,他为母亲忧心忡忡。母亲年纪越来越大, 身体虚弱。她不同意儿子与迈尔娃的婚事,婆媳关系紧张。 阿尔伯特瞥了一下路过的商店的橱窗,看见自己头发凌乱,他又忘了梳头了。3 Work. Family. Making ends meet. Albert felt all the pressure andr
4、esponsibility of any young h usband and father.3.工作,家庭,维持生计阿尔伯特感受到了一位年轻丈夫和年轻父亲所要承担的全部压力和责任。To relax, he revolutionized physics.他想放松下,却使物理学发生了突破性进展4 In 1905, at the age of 26 and four years before he was able to get a jobas a professor of physic s, Einstein published five of the most importantpapers
5、in the history of science-all written in his spare time. He provedthat atoms and molecules existed. Before 1905, scientists werent sure about that. He argued that light came in little bits (later called photons) andthus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics. He described his theoryof special rel
6、ativity: space and time were threadsin a common fabric, he proposed, which could be bent, stretched and twisted.-4. 1905 年,在他被聘为物理学教授的前四年,26 岁的爱因斯坦发表了科学史上最重要论文中的五篇这些论文都是他在“业余时间”完成的。他证明了原子和分子的存在。1905 年之前, 科学家们对此没有把握。 爱因斯坦论证说光以微粒形态出现 (后来被称为 “光子”),这为量子力学奠定了基础。他把狭义相对论描写为:时空如同普通织物中的线,他提出,这些线可以弯曲、拉长和交织在一起
7、。5 Oh, and by the way, E=mc2. 5. 对了,顺便提一下,E = mc2 。6 Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburstwas Sir Isaac Newton. It ha ppened in 1666 when Newton secludedhimself at his mothers farm to avoid an outbreak of plagu e at Cambridge.Withnothingbettertodo,hedevelopedhisTheoryo
8、fUniversalGravitation.6.在爱因斯坦之前,最近一位迸发出如此创造性思想的科学家当数艾萨克牛顿-爵士。事情发生在 1666,为了躲避在剑桥爆发的瘟疫,牛顿去母亲的农场隐居。由于没有什么更好的事可做,他便建立万有引力理论。7 For centuries historians called 1666 Newtons “ miracleyear ”Now.those words have a differe nt meaning: Einstein and 1905. The UnitedNations has declared 2005 The World Year of Ph
9、ysics to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Einsteins “ miracleyear.”7.几个世纪以来 ,历史学家称为 1666 牛顿的“奇迹年” 。现在这些话有不同的意义:爱因斯坦和 1905。联合国已经宣布2005 年“世界物理年“庆祝爱因斯坦“奇迹年”的100 周年。8 Modern pop culture paints Einstein as a bushy-haired superthinker.His ideas, were told, were improbably far ahead of other scientists.
10、Hemust have come from some other planet-maybe the same one Newton grew up on.8. 现代流行文化把爱因斯坦绘画成一位长着蓬乱头发的超级思想家。据说他的思想不可思议地远远超过其他科学家。他一定是从其他星球来的也许是牛顿长大的同一个星球。9 Einstein was no space alien, laughs Harvard University physicist andscience historian Peter Galison. He was a man of his time. All of his1905 p
11、apers unraveled problems being worked on, with mixed success,by other scientists. If Einstein hadnt been born, those papers wouldhave b een written in some form, eventually, by others, Galison believes.9.“爱因斯坦决不是外星人, ”哈佛大学物理学家、 科学史家彼得加里森笑着说。 “他是他那个时代的人。 ”他所有发表于 1905 年的论文解决了当时其他科学家正多多少少在解决的问题,“如果没有爱因
12、斯坦,其他科学家最终也会以某种形式撰写出这些论文来的”加里森相信。10 Whats remarkable about 1905 is that a single person authored all fivepapers, plus the origina l, irreverent way Einstein came to his conclusions.10. 1905 年不同寻常的是,爱因斯坦一个人撰写的五篇论文,而且他得出结论的方法既富原创性又显得不合常规。11 For example: the photoelectric effect. This was a puzzle in t
13、he early1900s. When light hits a metal, like zinc, electrons fly off. This canhappen only if light comes in little packets concentratedenough to knock an electron loose. A spread-out wave wouldnt do thephotoelectric trick.11. 例如:光电效应。这在 20 世纪初期的一道难题。当光照射到金属(如锌)上时,电子飞速飞离电子表面,这种现象只有当光的粒子集聚的程度足以把电子击撞松动
14、的时候才会发-生。漫延波不会产生光电效应。12 The solution seems simple-light is particulate. Indeed, this is thesolution Einstein proposed i n 1905 and won the Nobel Prize for in 1921.Other physicists like Max Planck (working on a relat ed problem:blackbody radiation), more senior and experienced than Einstein, wereclos
15、ing in on t he answer, but Einstein got there first. Why?12. 答案似乎很简单光是粒子。事实上,这是爱因斯坦1905 年提出的解答,并因此于1921 年获得诺贝尔奖。其他物理学家们,比如比爱因斯坦资历更深、经验更丰富的麦克斯普兰克(从事研究相关的问题:黑体辐射),其研究正接近该问题的答案,但爱因斯坦捷足先登。为什么?Its a question of authority. 这是对权威的看法问题13 In Einsteins day, if you tried to say that light was made of particles
16、,you found yourself disa greeing with physicist James Clerk Maxwell.Nobody wanted to do that, says Galison. Maxwells equations wereenormously successful, unifying the physics of electricity, magnetismand optics. Maxwell had proved beyond any doubt that light was anelectromagnetic wave. Maxwell was a
17、n A-uthority Figure.13. “在爱因斯坦的时代,如果你试图说光由粒子组成,你就会发现自己与物理学家杰姆斯克拉克 .马克斯威尔持不同观点。没有人想那么做,”加里森说道。马克斯威尔的方程式把物.理学中的电学、 磁学和光学统一起来,获得了巨大的成功。麦克斯威尔毫无疑问地证明了光是电磁波。他可是权威人物。14 Einstein didnt give a fig for authority. He didnt resist being toldwhat to do, not so much, but he hated being told what was true. Even as
18、a child he was constantly doubting and questioning. Your mere presence here undermines the classs respect for me, spat his7th grade teacher, Dr. Jos eph Degenhart. (Degenhart also predicted thatEinstein would never get anywhere in life.) This c haracter flaw was to bea key ingredient in Einsteins di
19、scoveries.14. 爱因斯坦豪不在乎权威。他不太反对别人要求他做什么,但是他不喜欢别人告诉他什么是正确的。即使在小时候他也不停地质疑和问问题。“ 你呆在这里损害了全班学生对我尊敬,”他第七年级的老师约瑟夫狄根哈特博士愤怒地说。 (狄根哈特还预言爱因斯坦“永远不会有出息”)这一性格缺陷成为日后爱因斯坦作出种种发现的主要因素。15 In 1905, notes Galison, Einstein had just received his Ph.D. Hewasnt beholden to a thesis advisor or any other authority figure. Hi
20、smind was free to roam accordingly.15. “在 1905 年,”加里森着重指出, “爱因斯坦刚刚获得博士学位,导师或任何其他权威人士。 ”因此,他的思想在自由漫游。他不感激于论文16 In retrospect, Maxwell was right. Light is a wave. But Einstein wasright, too. Light is a parti cle. This bizarre duality baffles Physics 101students today just as it baffled Einstein in 190
21、5. How can light be both?Einstein had no idea.16. 回想起来,麦克斯威尔是正确的。光是一种波。但爱因斯坦也是对的。光是粒子。这种异乎寻常的二象性使今天选修无力101 课程的同学们感到困惑,就像在1905 年使爱因斯坦感到困惑一样。光怎么可能既是波又是粒子呢?爱因斯坦无法理解。17 That didnt slow him down. Disdaining caution, Einstein adopted theintuitive leap as a basic tool. I believe in intuition and inspiratio
22、n, hewrote in 1931. At times I feel certain I am right while not knowing the reason.-17. 困惑并没有使爱因斯坦放慢探究的脚步。爱因斯坦不屑谨小慎微,他采用直觉跳跃思维作为基本工具。 “我相信直觉和灵感, ”他在 1931 年写道。“有时尽管不知道原因,但是我肯定我是对的。18 Although Einsteins five papers were published in a single year, hehad been thinking about p hysics, deeply, since chi
23、ldhood. Science wasdinner-tableconversation in the Einstein household, explains Galison. Alberts fatherHermann and uncle Jako b ran a German company making such thingsas dynamos, arc lamps, light bulbs and telephones. This was high-tech at the turn of the century, like a Silicon Valleycompany would
24、be today, notes Galison. Alberts interest in scienceand technology came naturally.18. 虽说爱因斯坦在短短的一年内发表了五篇论文,其实他童年时代就一直深入地思考物理的问题。“科学是爱因斯坦在餐桌上聊天的话题。 ”加里森解释道。 爱因斯坦的父亲赫尔曼和叔叔雅各布经营一家德国公司,制造发电机,电弧灯,灯泡、电话等诸如此类的产品。这是(20)世纪之初属于高科技, “像今天的硅谷公司, ”加里森着重提到。 “艾伯特对科学技术与生俱来怀有兴趣。 ”19 Einsteins parents sometimes took A
25、lbert to parties. No babysitterwas required: Albert sat on the couch, totally absorbed, quietly doingmath problems while others danced around him. Pencil and paper wereAlberts GameBoy!-19. 爱因斯坦的父母有时会带儿子参加聚会。她们不常请人看孩子:当其他人在他周围跳舞时,阿尔伯特坐在沙发上,全神贯注,静静地做数学题。笔和纸是阿尔伯特的玩具!20 He had impressive powers of conce
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