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1、 北京第二外国语学院学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文(论文题目 : A Comparative Study of Verbal Humor in Chinese and American Sitcoms from the Perspective of Cross-cultural Pragmatics - A Case Study of /?加 /wew/ and Fr/em/y ), 是本人在导师的指导下, 独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中己经注明引用的内容外,本论文不含任 何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品或成果,也不包含为获得北
2、京第二外 国语学院或其他教育机构的学位或证书撰写的或使用过的材料。对本文的研宄做 出重要贡献的个人和集体,均己在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律结果由本 人承担。 作者签名(手签 ): 雇兹 ft 日期: &)+年 5 月 j 日 学位论文使用授权说明 本人 唐琼艳 (学号 2011110070 ,论文题目: 从跨文化语用角度比较中 美倩景喜剧中的言语幽默一一以爱情公寓 老友记为例 ) 完全了解北京 第二外国语学院关于收集、保存、使用学位论文的规定,即:按照学校要求提交 学位论文的印刷本和电子版本:学校有权保存学位论文的印刷本和电子版,并提 供目录检索与阅览服务;学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化
3、或其它复制手段保存 论文:学校有权将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索并提供网 上服务 (保密论文在解密后遵守此规定 ) 。 作者签名(手签 ): 运落色 导师签名(手签 ): 1%, 日期:丨斗年 r 月 曰 从跨文化语用角度比较中美情景喜剧中的言语幽默一以爱 情公寓老友记为例 作者:唐琼艳 指导教师:梁虹教授 A Comparative Study of Verbal Humor in Chinese and American Sitcoms from the Perspective of Cross-cultural Pragmatics A Case Study of Ip
4、artment and Friends A thesis submitted to the School of English Language, Literature and Culture in partial fiilfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Beijing International Studies University by Tang Qiongyan Supervised by Prof. Liang Hong May, 2014 Acknowledgements First and
5、foremost, I would like to extend my profound gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Liang Hong, whose lessons are of great help. It was her lessons that inspired me to select this topic for study. Besides, I extremely appreciate her help, her constructive suggestions, and her generosity in spending h
6、er precious time discussing questions that I have met during the process of writing my thesis. Without her persistent supervision and her generous help, the completion of my thesis could have been impossible. I am also very grateful to all the professors during my M.A studies at Beijing Internationa
7、l Studies University for their informative and inspiring courses, which have broadened my academic horizon and enriched my knowledge. I am also indebted to all the authors whose works are used as my references. I would like to express my sincere thanks to my classmates and friends in the university,
8、 who have always been supportive of me. Special thanks go to my friend Ye Xiaoliang who has encouraged and assisted me in my thesis writing. Last but not least, I am deeply obliged to my family members who have been offering me great support throughout the years of my study. 中文摘要 作为一种极其普遍的语言现象,幽默可以促
9、进人际关系的友好,让人精神愉 悦,对人们的生活起着举足轻重的作用。西方幽默研究主要运用三大传统幽默理 论,语义脚本理论以及普通言语幽默理论。中国学者则主要从修辞学角度、认知 语言学以及语用学角度对相声、小说以及情景喜剧中的言语幽默进行文本分析。 而目前国内外对中英文言语幽默的比较研宄较少。 情景喜剧包含大量的言语幽默,是幽默的最佳载体之一。近年来,随着中美 之间的交流日益频繁,越来越多的美国情景喜剧被引进中国。老友记是美国 最成功的情景喜剧之一,而从人物、情节设置、台词等多方面借鉴了老友记 的中国情景喜剧爱情公寓近年来广受欢迎,被称为 “中国版老友记 ” 。然而 受中美文化差异影响,两剧在言语
10、幽默方面呈现出差异。 本文采用定性与定量研宄方法,从爱情公寓和老友记中各 选取 5 集主题对应的对话内容作为语料,以合作原则和礼貌原则为基础,并结合高低文 化语境理论,旨在探讨以下两个问题:第一点,这两部喜剧在通过违反合作原则 与礼貌原则生成幽默方面有哪些相似之处和不同之处?第二点,高低语境文化是 如何分别影响中美情景喜剧中言语幽默生成的? 研宄发现中美情景喜剧中的大部分言语幽默是通过违反合作原则、礼貌原则 产生的。中美情景喜剧中言语幽默的生成方式既有共同之处也有不同之处。不同 之处主要是受中美高低语境文化的影响。研宄的结果有助于中美观众更好地欣赏 对方的情景喜剧,同时也给予如何本土化美国优秀
11、情景喜剧以及如何通过中国情 景喜剧向国外传递中国幽默文化以启示。 关键词 : 言语幽默情景喜剧合作原则礼貌原则高低文化语境理论 111 Abstract Humor, as a universal language phenomenon, is an important part in peoples daily life, which can ameliorate human relations, bring pleasant feeling to people. Western scholars tend to apply the three conventional humor theo
12、ries, the semantic-script theory of humor and the general theory of verbal humor to study humor, while Chinese scholars mainly analyze verbal humors in cross talks, novels and sitcoms from the perspective of rhetoric, cognitive linguistics, and pragmatics. At present, there are few comparative resea
13、rches on Chinese and English humor at home and abroad. A sitcom, short form for a situation comedy, consists of a large quantity of humors, and is one of the best carrier forms of humor. In recent years, as the communication between China and America becomes more and more frequent, more and more Ame
14、rican sitcoms are introduced to China. Friends is one of the most successful American sitcoms. Ipartment, which imitates Friends in many aspects such as characters, plots and lines, and enjoys great popularity in recent years in China, is considered as the Chinese version of Friends. However, influe
15、nced by cultural differences between China and America, there exist differences in verbal humor between these two sitcoms. This thesis adopts the qualitative and quantitative research methods, selecting five episodes with similar topics respectively in Ipartment and Friends as corpus. The Cooperativ
16、e Principle and the Politeness Principle are applied to classify verb humors and the High-context & Low-context Culture theory is used to explore the reasons behind the differences in verbal humor generation between Chinese sitcoms and American sitcoms. The thesis aims to explore the following two q
17、uestions: First, what are the similarities and differences in humor generation by violating the Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle between Ipartment and Friendsl Second, how do High-context and Low-context culture influence verbal humor generation in Chinese and American sitcoms resp
18、ectively? The thesis concludes that most verbal humors in Chinese and American sitcoms are generated by violating the Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle. There exist similarities as well as differences in verbal humor generation between Chinese sitcoms and American sitcoms. The diffe
19、rences can mainly be attributed to the influence of high-context and low-context culture. The major findings of the study iv may help Chinese and American audiences appreciate each others sitcoms better. In the meantime, the study is expected to shed light on how to localize American sitcoms and how
20、 to transmit Chinese humor abroad through Chinese sitcoms. Key Words: verbal humor; sitcoms; the CP; the PP; High-context & Low-context Culture V Contents Acknowledgements . ii 中文摘要 . in Abstract . iv Contents . vi Chapter 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 Significance of the Study . 1 1.2 Literature Review .
21、2 1.2.1 Studies of Humor Abroad . 2 1.2.2 Studies of Humor at Home . 5 1.3 Research Design . 6 1.3.1 Research Questions . 6 1.3.2 Research Subjects . 7 1.3.3 Data Collection . 9 1.3.4 Research Methods . 9 1.4 Structure of the Study . 10 Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework . 11 2.1 The Cooperative Princi
22、ple . 11 2.2 The Politeness Principle . 12 2.3 High-Context and Low-Context Culture Theory . 13 Chapter 3 A Pragmatic Study of Verbal Humor in Friends and Ipartment . 16 3.1 Some General Quantitative Findings . 16 3.2 A Comparative Study of Humor in Terms of the CP . 17 3.2.1 Humor Generated by Viol
23、ating the Maxim of Quantity . 18 3.2.2 Humor Generated by Violating the Maxim of Quality . 20 3.2.3 Humor Generated by Violating the Maxim of Relation . 23 3.2.4 Humor Generated by Violating the Maxim of Manner . 24 3.3 A Comparative Study of Humor in Terms of PP . 27 3.3.1 Humor Generated by Violat
24、ing the Tact & Generosity Maxims . 29 3.3.2 Humor Generated by Violating the Maxim of Approbation . 30 3.3.3 Humor Generated by Violating the Modesty Maxim . 31 3.3.4 Humor Generated by Violating the Agreement Maxim . 32 3.3.5 Humor Generated by Violating the Sympathy Maxim . 33 3.4 Summary . 34 Cha
25、pter 4 Analysis of the Differences of Verbal Humor in Friends and Ipartment . 36 4.1 Direct vs. Indirect . 36 4.2 Collective Initiative vs. Individual Initiative . 38 4.3 Explicit vs. Implicit . 42 Chapter 5 Conclusion . 47 5.1 Main Findings of the Study . 47 5.2 Implications of the Study . 49 5.3 L
26、imitations and Suggestions . 49 Bibliography . 53 Appendix A Tables . 56 Appendix B Data Sources . 57 vii A Comparative Study of Verbal Humor in Chinese and American Sitcoms From the Perspective of Cross-cultural Pragmatics - A Case Study of Ipartment and Friends Chapter 1 Introduction Humor, as a u
27、niversal language phenomenon shared by all human cultures, is an important part in peoples daily life, which can ameliorate human relations, improve the communicative atmosphere and bring pleasant feeling to people. Influenced by culture context, the characteristics of verbal humor of different coun
28、tries vary. With the further development of globalization, the communication between China and America, the two super powers, becomes more and more frequent. Since humor is an effective way in cross-cultural communication, it is necessary to conduct a comparative research on verbal humor of China an
29、d America. 1.1 Significance of the Study Humor exists in different forms among which is situation comedy. Situation comedy, often shortened to sitcom, consists of a large quantity of humorous utterances. According to Reed, a scholar engaged in studying humor, cca sitcom as a television program about
30、 always half an hour long, with a regular case and set in regular location, which is usually a household or a workplace. Sitcoms usually consist of recurring characters in a format in which there is one or more humorous story lines centered around a common environment, such as a family home or workp
31、lace.”( Reed 1992:109) The situation comedy format seems to have originated in the golden age of the United States broadcasting from 1920s to 1950s, but today they are produced around the globe. The ultimate aim of sitcoms is to make the audience laugh. As the essential part of situation comedy, hum
32、or can reflect the culture of a country. With the development of globalization, Chinese sitcom is greatly influenced by American sitcom. For example, Ipartment, a very popular sitcom in recent years, is considered as the Chinese version of Friends, a typical American sitcom. One the one hand, althou
33、gh these two sitcoms come from different cultural backgrounds, they must share some rules in generating humor. On the other hand, due to the differences in language and culture, there must be differences in humor generation between these two sitcoms. While the comparative study of American humor and
34、 Chinese humor in sitcoms is rare, the author is inspired to select the present subject for further study. Previously, humor is studied from various perspectives, including the western A Comparative Study of Verbal Humor in Chinese and American Sitcoms From the Perspective of Cross-cultural Pragmati
35、cs - A Case Study of Ipartment and Friends classical humor theories, semantics, rhetoric, cognitive linguistics and pragmatics. The thesis aims to explore the similarities and differences of the ways utilized in Chinese and American sitcoms to generate humor from the cross-cultural pragmatic perspec
36、tive. The major theories used are the Cooperative Principle, the Politeness Principle and High context & Low Context Culture theory. Conclusions of the study can help the audience to better appreciate the humor in Chinese and American sitcoms and meanwhile, can bring them enlightenment on how to int
37、erpret and create a verbal humor in intercultural communication. Realizing the difference in terms of creating humor between Chinese sitcoms and American sitcoms, Chinese playwrights can draw the inspiration on how to transmit Chinese humor abroad, and translators will also know better about how to reveal the humorous effect of a verbal humorous utterance accurately in a foreign language. 1.2 Literature Review This part reviews the previous studies of humor. The term “humor” is derived from the Latin word for “liquid,” “fluid” and has much to do with the “th
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