Unit-26--Applications-of-GIS.doc
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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-dateUnit-26-Applications-of-GISUnit 26 Applications of GIS Unit 26 Applications of GIS Due to increasing complexity of the real world situations , more challenges emerge in knowing about th
2、e precious earth , and also in planning and decision-making processes . GIS is nowadays considered as an important tool in planning and decision-making . It has been found applied in many fields , such as cadastral mapping , land use planning , forestry , wildlife management , infrastructure plannin
3、g , zoning , military , environmental monitoring , network planning , facility selecting , archaeology , agriculture , libraries and museums , marine , coast , and oceans , media , mining and earth sciences , petroleum , retail business , state and local government , transportation . Some of the adv
4、anced applications at present involve air traffic monitoring , road navigation , crime analysis , and so on . At present , GIS become the accepted and standard means of utilizing spatial data . Likewise , the use of spatial data is growing very rapidly in diverse fields . This ability to in corporat
5、e spatial data , manage it , analyze it , and answer spatial questions is the distinctive characteristic of a geographic information system. Mapmaking and geographic analysis is not new , but GIS makes it possible to do this type of work faster and more efficiently because of the power and ease of u
6、sing modern computers . It allows virtually anyone to create a map to help explain historic evens , plan for the future , and predict outcomes . The following examples explain the application fields of GIS .Environment : Environmental fields have long used GIS for a variety of applications that rang
7、e from simple inventory and query , to map analysis and overlay , to complex spatial decision-making systems . Examples include : forest modeling , air /water quality modeling and monitoring ,environmentally sensitive zone mapping , analysis of interaction between economic , meteorological , and hyd
8、rological & geological change . Typical data input into an environmental GIS include : elevation , forest cover , and soil quality and hydrogeology coverage . In many cases environmental GIS are used so that environmental considerations can be better incorporated into socioeconomic development enabl
9、ing a balance between the two.Infrastructure and Utilities : GIS technologies are also widely applied to the planning and management of public utilities . Organizations dealing with infrastructure and public utilities find GIS a powerful tool in handling aspects such as planning , decision support ,
10、 customer service , regulatory requests, standardization of methods , and graphics display . Typical uses include management of the following services : electric , gas , water , roads , telecommunication , storm sewers , TV/FM transmitting facilities , hazards analysis , and dispatch and emergency s
11、ervices . Typical data input includes street network , topographic data , demographic data and local government administration boundary .Computer Cartography : The growth of computer -assisted cartography (CAC) has been largely dependent on the development of vector-based GIS . With the help of GIS
12、, cartographic tasks such as thematic overlays of information , map projections , and map sheet layouts can be performed much more conveniently . Continually updated geographic databases provide an easy way to produce new map editions . Automated mapmaking and virtual map images have replaced tradit
13、ional paper maps in many applications . Web-based maps have made general-purpose navigation far more accessible to the public . However ,manually digitized paper maps remain the primary form of data input in an automated cartography GIS . Scanned maps are also often used .Land Information : GIS has
14、aided management of land information by enabling easy creation and maintenance of data for land records , land planning and land use . In particular , a flourishing number of municipal governments have started to implement GIS to help manage their land information . GIS makes input , updates , and r
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