开封城市土壤性质、重金属污染及变化分析-李灿.docx
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1、河南大学 硕士学位论文 开封城市土壤性质、重金属污染及变化分析 姓名:李灿 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:自然地理学 指导教师:马建华 20070501 在釆集开封城市不同功能区的土壤样品,测定其理化性质和重金属含量的基 础上,开展了城市土壤形状特征研究和重金属污染现状评价,并探讨了城市化、 工业化对不同时期土壤重金属污染的影响。研究表明: (1) 城市土壤理化性质不同与同郊区农业土壤。城市土壤剖面形态特征复 杂多样;人为侵入体显著增多;土壤颗粒偏细,机械组成以壤土类为主;土壤容 重较小,空隙度较大;土壤 pH值变幅大;土壤阳离子交换量增加,土壤养分有 富积趋势。 (2) 开封城市土壤重金属元素在
2、不同功能区的分布存在显著的差异性,表 层各重金属元素的含量均大于郊 E对照样含量 -土壤 Cu、 Zn、 Cr、 Pb、 Cd、 As 和 Hg的含量在工业区较高,在其它区域则有所差异;而 Ni的含量在行政 /居民 区高于其它区域。城市土壤重金属含量在垂直方向上没有确定规律,表现形式多 种多样。 (3) 工业区、交通密集区土壤重金属污染比较突出,其中镉污染尤为 严重; 参试的金属元素在城市不同区域己经出现不同程度的积累。 (4) 除 Ni外,城市土壤中重金属的含量与土壤 pH值呈极显著负相关,与 其它理化性质相关性不大。除了 Ni与其它七种重金属元素相关性不大外, As、 Hg、 Oi、 Zn
3、、 Cr、 Pb、 Cd之间存在极显著的正相关开封城市土壤重金属污染 来源于人为污染源的输入,主要是工业生产活动中 三废 物质的排放、交通运 输过程中产生的废物、居民生活中丢弃的废弃物质等。污染源在城市区域分布的 差异性导致了不同功能区土壤中重金属的含量有所不同 * (5) 无论同一剖面,还是同一功能区的平均状况,城市土壤中重金属含量 在 1994年和 2006年间发生了显著变化。除了土壤总铬的含量在大部分剖面中减 少外 f As、 Hg、 Cd、Pd的含量总体上呈上升的趋势。在城市局部区域,由于 土地利用类型的转变、环境的美化及环保基础设施的完善,土壤中有些重金属元 素含量有所减少,污染程度
4、降低。在城市的工业区、文教区及新建成区,随城市 化、工业化进程的加快,土壤重金属含量有增加的趋势。重金属元素在城市土壤 中积累的原因与人为活动对环境影响的 加剧有密切的关系。 城市土壤与城市生态环境密不可分,影响城市居民的身体健康,应该加强城 市土壤的研究和管理工作。 关键词城市土壤,土壤性质,重金属污染,变化,开封市 Abstract With rapid process of urbanization, the influence of urban soils on environment and human health is becoming increasingly concerne
5、d. In this paper, urban soils sampled from different regions in Kaifeng City were studied on their physical and chemical properties. Based on the concentration of heavy metals, the evaluation of heavy-metal pollution was carried out. Comparing the heavy metal pollution of the same regional urban soi
6、l between different times, a cumulative effect of urbanization and industrialization on the urban soil heavy-metal contamination was found. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Comparing with the properties of agricultural soils in the same regional, those of the urban soil were different. The charac
7、ters of the urban soil profile was more complex; The amounts of intrusions in urban soil was higher markedly; Soil texture was IOMI mainly with more fine particles; the soil bulk density was smaller and total porosity was bigger; the variation of soil pH was greater; the soil cation exchange capacit
8、y was higher; the soil nutrient became richer. (2) The concentrations of all heavy metals in the urban surface layer were higher than those in the suburb soil. The heavy metals content was significant different among the different fimction zones in Kaifeng City, The concentrations of Cu, Zn? Cr, Pb,
9、 Cd, As and Hg were higher in the industrial districts ihan in other ones; But the concentration of Ni was higher in the adminislrative/inhabited areas- The distribution of heavy metal in different soil profiles were varied. (3) According to the results of evaluation of heavy metal pollution earned
10、out with two different standds, although we could not made the same conclusions completely, it was sure that the pollution of heavy metals in industrial districts and the areas with more vehicles were evident, especially for Cd and the accumulation of metals happened in urbi soil more or less. (4) T
11、he heavy metal concentration, except for Ni, was negative correlated with the pH remarkably while its had little relevance with other physics and chemistry properties. There were good positive relationship among As.HgCuZCrbjCd, except for Ni. The heavy metal pollution of the urban soil was caused ma
12、inly by the input of anthropogenic sources, for example, wastes and emission generated by industry, the Utter discarded from vehicle Contammation of Soil Heavy Metals;Changes;Kaifeng City 关于学位论文独立完成和内容创新的声明 本人向河南大学提出硕士学位申请。本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文是 本人在导师的指导下独立完成的,对所研究的课题有新的見解 据我所知,除 丈中犄别加以说明、标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包括
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- 关 键 词:
- 开封 城市 土壤 性质 重金属 污染 变化 分析
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