人教出版八年级英语上册学习知识点归纳.doc

-* 最新（2013秋）人教版八年级上册英语知识点 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?（谈论假期生活，一般过去时） Unit 2 How often do you exercise?（谈论生活习惯，一般现在时） Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister（谈论事物对比， 形容词比较级） Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?（谈论事物比较，形容词最高级） Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?（谈论内心想法，一般现在时） Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.(谈谈生活的目标，一般将来时) Unit7 Will people have robots?(对将来生活的预言，一般将来时) Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?(描述进程，祈使句) Unit9 Can you come to my party?(学习邀请，作出、接受和拒绝邀请，学习表请求的句子) Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.(作出决定，学习if的条件状语从句) ①复习一般过去时 ②复合不定代词的用法 ③反身代词的用法 ④系动词的用法 ⑤动词后的to do和doing 的区别 ⑥ed形容词和ing形容词的区别 ⑦“近义词”的区别 ⑧本单元中的主谓一致现象 ⑨动词过去式的构成及不规则动词表 ⑩用同义短语转换同义句时谓语动词形式一致性的培养。 ⑾感叹句的结构和连词的选择。 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 单词 anyone [eniwʌn] pron.任何人 anywhere [eniweə(r)] adv.任何地方 n.任何(一个)地方 wonderful [wʌndəfl] adj.精彩的；极好的 few [fjuː] adj.很少的；n.少量 most [məʊst] adj.最多的；大多数的； something [sʌmθɪŋ] pron.某事物； nothing(=not…anything) [nʌθɪŋ] pron.没有什么n.没有 myself [maɪself] pron.我自己 everyone [evriwʌn] pron.每人；人人 yourself [jɔːself] pron.你自己；你亲自 hen [hen] n.母鸡；雌禽 bored [bɔːd] adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的 pig n.猪 diary [daɪəri] n.日记；日记簿(keep a diary) seem [siːm] vi.似乎；好像 someone [sʌmwʌn] pron.某人；有人 quite a few相当多；不少(后接可数名词) of course [əvkɔːs] 当然 activity [ktɪvəti] n.活动；活跃 decide [dɪsaɪd] v.决定；选定(decide to do sth.) try [traɪ] v.尝试；设法；努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.) bird [bɜːd] n.鸟；禽 paragliding [prəɡlaɪdɪŋ] n.空中滑翔跳伞 bicycle [baɪsɪkl] n.自行车 building [bɪldɪŋ] n.建筑物 trader [treɪdə(r)] n.商人；商船 wonder [wʌndə(r)] v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑 difference [dɪfrəns] n.差异；不同 top [tɒp] n.顶部；顶 wait [weɪt] v.等；等待(wait for) umbrella [ʌmbrelə] n.伞；雨伞 wet [wet] adj.湿的；雨天的 below [bɪləʊ] prep.低于；在...下面adv.在下面 as [əz] conj.如同；像...一样 enough [ɪnʌf] adj.足够的adv.足够地；充分地 duck [dʌk] n.鸭肉；鸭 hungry(反full) [hʌŋɡri] adj.饥饿的；渴望的 feel like(doing sth.)想要 dislike [dɪslaɪk] v.不喜欢；厌恶 n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感 重点短语 1. go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home 待在家里 3.go to the mountains 去爬山 4. go to the beach 去海滩 5. visit museums 参观博物馆 6. go to summer camp 去参加夏令营 7.quite a few 相当多 8.study for 为……而学习 9.go out 出去 10.most of the time 大部分时间 11. taste good 尝起来很好吃 12.have a good time 玩得高兴 13. of course 当然 14.feel like 给……的感觉；感受到 15.go shopping 去购物 16.in the past 在过去 17. walk around 四处走走 18. because of 因为 19. one bowl of… 一碗…… 20. the next day 第二天 21. drink tea 喝茶 22. find out 找出； 查明 23. go on 继续 24.take photos 照相 25. something important 重要的事 26. up and down 上上下下 27. come up 出来 28. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 29. taste + adj. 尝起来…… 30. look+adj. 看起来…… 31.nothing…but+动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有 32.seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来…… 33. arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地 34.decide to do sth. 决定去做某事 35. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / 36. try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 37. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事/ 38. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 39. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 40. want to do sth. 想去做某事 41. start doing sth. 开始做某事 42. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 43. dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事 44. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 45. Why not do. sth.? 为什么不做……呢？ 46. so+adj.+that+从句 如此……以至于…… 47. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 48 .have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快 三、重点句子： 1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的？ 2. Long time no see. 好久不见。 3. Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去有趣的地方了吗？ 4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 大多数时间我只呆在家里看书和放松。 5. Everything was excellent. 一切都很棒。 6. I bought something for my father. 我给我爸爸买了些东西。 7. How did you like it？ 你觉得它怎么样？ 8. I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早晨我和家人到达马来西亚槟城。 9. For lunch, we had something very special. 午饭我们吃了很特别的东西。 10. …but many of the old buildings are still there. ……但是许多旧的建筑物还在那里。 11. My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today. 今天我和爸爸决定去槟城山。 12. And because of the bad weather , we couldn’t see anything below. 并且因为糟糕的天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西。 语法： 复合不定代词或副的构成及用法 构成：由some, any, no, every分别加上-body, -thing, -one构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词；加上-where构成副词。 用法： （1）合成不定代词在句中可以作主语，宾语或表语等。 Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat. （2）不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes reading. （3）some-不定代词，通常用于肯定句中； any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。 但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。 Someone is calling me. There isn’t anyone else there. Is anybody over there? Could you give me something to eat? （4）形容词修饰不定代词时，通常要放在不定代词之后。 There is something delicious on the table. （5）somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere用作副词。 Flowers come out everywhere. 注：① 形容词修饰不定代词要后置：anything special ② 不定代词做主语时谓语用单数. 巩固练习： 用不定代词或不定副词填空： 1. I can’t hear anything = I can hear _________. 2. There is __________ on the floor. Please pick it up. 3. Did ________ go to play basketball with you ? 4. I phoned you last night, but ________ answered it. 5. Maybe __________ put my pencil _________. I can’t find it ___________. 单选 1. No one ________ how to do it. A.know B. knows C. knowing D. knew 2. Everything_____OK, isn’t it? A. was B. are C. and D. is 3. There’s________in the newspaper. You should read it. A. important something B. something boring C. boring something D. something important. 1. arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. (翻译)___________________________________ arrive为不及物动词，意为____, arrive in 到达+大地方（国家 省 市） arrive at 到达+小地方（机场 商店等) get to 到达+地方 reach 到达+地方 The Smiths_____ New York at 8:00 last night. A.arrived at B. got to C.reach D.arrived 2. so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. (翻译)_____________ 3. decide为及物动词，意为决定，决心。决定做某事：____________. 4. My sister and I tried paragliding. （翻译）____________________ try to do sth.意为______________; try doing sth.意为________________ We shouldn’t try _______(study) English, we should try ________(study) English. 5.I felt like I was a bird.(翻译)_______ _________________________. feel like意为_____后常接_____.另外feel like还意为_____ Do you feel like a cup of tea? 6.I wonder what life was like here in the past.（翻译）_____________ wonder为及物动词，意为“想知道”，后常接疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。 I wonder _____ you are doing.(我想知道你正在做什么。) 6.What a difference a day makes! 感叹句，结构为What +名词+主语+谓语！ 补充：________________________________________________ 7. We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. ________ 为等候 ,后接人或物。 ________为太多，后接可数名词复数; ________+不可数名词（money）; ________为太…后接形容词或副词（big） 8 .My father didn’t bring enough money. Enough后可接________________，其形式分别为_________；_____________。 (1) want to do sth. 想要做某事 (2) want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 (3) would like to do sth. 想要做某事 (4) (2) decide to do sth. 决定做某事 (5) decide on 决定某事 课后练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. I didn’t find ______ ( someone ) there. 2. Is there _______( something ) important in today’s newspaper? 3. Look! There is _______ ( anybody ) at home. The light is on. 4. Amy _______ ( meet ) a famous actor yesterday. 5. There _______ ( be ) forty-five students in our class last term. 6. Miss Green ________ ( come ) to China in 2008. 7. Little Tom _______ ( be ) here a moment ago. 8. She _________ ( buy ) a new bag yesterday. 二、单项选择 ( )1. ----_____ you ______ to the movies？ ---- Yes, I did. A. Did went B. Did go C. Are went ( )2. ----- How was your weekend? ------ Great! We _______ a picnic in the park. A. have B. has C. had ( ) 3. Mrs Green with her little daughter _______ at home ______ that rainy night. A. was on B. were on C. was at ( ) 4. --- Who told you to clean the windows? ---Miss Wang ______ A. told B. did C. has told ( ) 5. ---- Do you always _______ to the zoo? ----- Yes, I ______ yesterday. A. go go B. go went C. went go ( ) 6. ---- ______ there any koalas in the zoo last year? ---- No, there ______. A. Are aren’t B. Were wasn’t C. Were weren’t ( ) 7.----- Did you go with ______? ------ Yes, I did. A. someone B. anyone C. somebody ( ) 8. ----- Did you buy ______ special? ----- No, I didn’t. A. something B. some things C. anything 三、句型转换 1．Lucy played computer games yesterday. ( 改为一般疑问句 ) ______ Lucy _____ computer games yesterday? 2．We went to the Palace Museum. ( 对划线部分提问 ) _______ ______ you ______? 3．There was someone here just now. （ 改为否定句 ） ___________________________________________ . 4．She played volleyball just now. （ 改为否定句 ） She _______ ________ 5．volleyball just now. They ate a lot of ice cream. ( 对划线部分提问 ) ________ ________ they ________? 6．My vacation was pretty good. ( 对划线部分提问 ) ________ _______ your vacation? Monday, July 15th I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. My sister and I tried paragliding. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting! For lunch, we had something very special—Malaysian yellow noodles. They were delicious! In the afternoon, we rode bicycles to Georgetown. There are a lot of new buildings now, but many of the old buildings are still there. In Weld Quay, a really old place in Georgetown, we saw the houses of the Chinese traders from 100 years ago. I wonder what life was like here in the past. I really enjoyed walking around the town. Tuesday, July 16th What a different a day makes! My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today. We wanted to walk up to the top, but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train. We waited over and hour for the train because there were too many people. When we got to the top, it was raining really hard. We didn’t have an umbrella so we were wet and cold. It was terrible. And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below. My father didn’t bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish. The food tasted great because I was so hungry! 不规则动词过去式： am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said give-gave get-got, go-went come-came have-had, eat-ate take-took run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made read-read, write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept buy-bought, swim-swam, sit-sat, bring--brought, can-could, cut-cut become-became, begin-began, draw-drew feel-felt find-found forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew, learn-learnt（learned） leave-left, let-let, lose-lost, meet-met, read-read, sleep-slept, speak-spoke, take-took teach-taught , tell-told, wake-woke Unit2 How often do you exercise? 单词 housework [haʊswɜːk] n.家务劳动 hardly [hɑːdli] adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚 ever [evə(r)] adv.曾经；在任何时候 once [wʌns] adv.一次；曾经 twice [twaɪs] adv.两倍；两次 Internet [ɪntənet] n.因特网 program [prəʊɡrm] n.节目；程序；课程；节目单 full [fʊl] adj.满的；充满的；完全的 swing [swɪŋ] n.摇摆；秋千v.摇摆；旋转 maybe [meɪbi] adv.或许；也许；可能 swing dance摇摆舞 least [liːst] adj.最小的；最少的 at least至少 hardly ever很少；几乎从不；难得 junk n.垃圾；废旧杂物 coffee [kɒfi] n.咖啡；咖啡色 health [helθ] n.健康；人的身体或精神状态 result [rɪzʌlt] .结果；后果 percent [pəsent] adj.百分之...的 online [ˌɒnlaɪn] adj.在线的adv.在线地 television [telɪvɪʒn] n.电视机；电视节目 although [ɔːləʊ] conj.虽然；尽管；然而；可是 through [θruː] prep.穿过；凭借；一直到 body [bɒdi] n.身体 mind [maɪnd] .头脑；想法；意见；心思 such [sʌtʃ] adj.这样的；如此的 together [təɡeə(r)] adv.共同；一起 die [daɪ] v.死；枯竭；消失 writer [raɪtə(r)] n.作者；作家 dentist [dentɪst] n.牙科医生 magazine [mɡəziːn] n.杂志 however [haʊevə(r)] adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么 than [ən] conj.比 almost [ɔːlməʊst] adv.几乎；差不多 none [nʌn] pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无 less [les] adj.更少的；较少的 point [pɔɪnt] n.看法；要点；重点；小数点；目标；分数 重点短语 such as例如；诸如 junk food n.垃圾食品；无营养食品 more than超过；多于；不仅仅；非常 less than不到；少于 help with housework 帮助做家务 on weekends 在周末 how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不 once a week 每周一次 twice a month 每月两次 every day 每天 be free 有空 go to the movies 去看电影 use the Internet 用互联网 swing dance 摇摆舞 play tennis 打网球 stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚 at least 至少 have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early 早点睡觉 play sports 进行体育活动 be good for 对……有好处 go camping 去野营 not…at all 一点儿也不…… in one’s free time 在某人的业余时间 the most popular 最受欢迎的 such as 比如；诸如 old habits die hard 积习难改 go to the dentist 去看牙医 morn than 多于；超过 less than 少于 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 How about…? ......怎么样？ want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ ……有多少……? spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。 ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事 by doing sth. 通过做某事 What’s your favorite……? 你最喜爱的……是什么？ the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 三．重点语法 (一) 重点句型 1.-----What do you usually do on weekends? -----I often go to the movies. (1) on weekends/on the weekend在周末 (2) go to the movies 去看电影 (3) 第一个do 助动词 第二个do 实意动词 2. hardly ever 几乎从不 hardly ever 相当于 hardly, ever起强调作用。 hardly 为副词，意为“几乎不没有）”，相当于almost not，本身具有否定含义，不能再使用其他否定词。 E.g. She hardly eats anything. 辨析: hardly 和hard hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”； hard作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。 hardly意为“几乎不” (1) The ground is too to dig (2) I can understand them. (3) Its raining ,the people can go outside. 3. ----How often do you watch TV? ----Twice a week. (1) how often 意为“多久一次，多长时间一次”，用来提问频率。 (2) twice a week 一周两次 拓展: 一次 once 两次 twice 三次或三次以上 基数词+ times three times four times 4. Whats your favorite program? = What program do you like best? 你最喜欢的节目是什么？ 5. How come?怎么回事？怎么会？ 表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句。相当于疑问词why。但how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍是陈述语序。 How come you didnt tell me about it? = Why you didnt tell me ab