分析研究生综合英语2(修订版)课后规范标准答案.doc

,. Unit One Key to Exercises III. Vocabulary A. 1. came up with 6. put your mind 2. The chances are 7. appalled 3. fell flat 8. verdict 4. bestowed upon 9. poise 5. downright 10. blurted out B 1. inarticulate 6. enhance 2. insults 7. invite 3. inept 8. sickly 4. glowingly 9. adroit 5. execrable 10. charming C. 1. A 6. C 2. C 7. D 3. C 8. A 4. B 9. C 5. A 10 A IV. Cloze 1. hesitant 6. external 11. Given 16. achieved 2. playing 7. lurking 12. for 17. equal 3. contributes 8. whose 13. perspective 18. based 1. or 9. because 14. drawback 19. enters 2. confidence 10. withhold 15. competition 20. enhancing V. Translation A． 我想了片刻，觉得世界上讲西班牙语的人最善于辞令，也许可以从他们身上学到点什么。你对他们中的一个人赞叹道，“这是我曾经见到过的最漂亮的房子”，他立刻回应道，“您大驾光临，更使蓬荜生辉。”让你站在那儿，一脸尴尬。要想回敬他们是没有用的——不管说什么，最后他们总会占上风的。 有一点很清楚：所有得体的社交最根本的就在于保持镇定。Eliza. W. Farrar，写过一本美国最早的关于礼仪方面的书。她在书中讲述了在新英格兰举行的一次高雅的宴会上主人切鹅的故事，阐述了保持镇定的重要性。鹅不慎脱手，滑出了盘子，落在一位贵妇人的衣裙上。要是我遇到这种情况，我会感到极度地窘迫，恨不得悄悄地找根绳子去上吊。可是，这位主人却泰然自若。他极为平静而庄重地说，“夫人，如果您把那鹅还给我，我将感激不尽。”如果我们的行为举止都能保持这种风度，摆脱局促不安，那我们的社交生活就会有趣得多。 如果我们牢记这一点，我们就会显得更加镇定自如：每当有人恭维你时，他可能只是想和你说说话。唯一明智的回答就是由八个小小的字母构成的两个简洁的小词：Thank you ！ B． An important step in becoming an effective flatterer is to understand why flattery helps you establish better relationships with others. The root cause of the power of flattery gets at a basic principle of human behavior: People crave being appreciated., The vast majority of people are of the similar idea despite different cultures. In Asian cultures the desire for group recognition is generally stronger than the desire for individual recognition. Nevertheless, the need for recognition is present. Many people hold that the joy of work itself is more important than external recognition, including flattery. The joy of work may be a powerful motivator, but even those who get the biggest joy from their work--- such as scientists, artists, and photographers --- crave flattery and recognition. Otherwise they wouldn’t compete for Nobel Prizes or enter their work in important exhibitions. Another reason flattery is so effective relates to the normal need to be recognized. Although some articles and books have been written and preached zealously about flattery, most people receive less recognition than they deserve. Many people hardly ever receive compliments either on the job or at home, thus intensifying their demand for flattery. Key to Additional Work I. Idiom Studies 1. swan song 2. the only fly in the ointment 3. a white elephant 4. a dog in the manger 5. sitting ducks 6. talk turkey 7. let the cat out of the bag 8. fishing in troubled waters 9. crying crocodile tears 10. buying a pig in a poke II. Vocabulary Expansion 1. D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6. D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10. Unit Three Key to Exercises III. Vocabulary A. 1. desert( throw away) 2. cherish 3. bargain for 4. in vain 5. avarice 6. ruthless 7. (magnates) tycoons 8. caste 9. norms 10. erotic B 1. barren 2. transient 3. preposterous 4. simple-minded 5. illusory 6. monogamous 7. deep-rooted 8. rabid 9. teetotaler 10. sanctity C 1. C 2.B 3.A 4. B 5.D 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C IV. Cloze 1. revelations 2. demand 3. traits 4. altruism 5. inflicting 6. exceptions 7. raised 8. hurt 9. spouse 10. extraordinary 11. decent 12. pain 13. overshadowed 14. experience 15. least 16. relationship 17. apparent 18. pleasure 19. humanity 20. obligation V. Translation A. 正是强烈情欲的力量使然。情欲与转瞬而逝的其他欲望如食欲等不同，它所带来的期待无比壮观，为任何其他情感所不及。毫无疑问，我们所有的欲望都带来期待，但无一能望其项背。坠入爱河便会萌发难以抗拒的信念：相爱一定会到终老，拥有心爱的人不仅常常让人心醉神迷，还会带来安定感、成就感和深入骨髓的相伴一生的幸福感。所以我们孤注一掷。如果错过这个机会，一生都将失去意义。只要一想到这样的厄运，便会深陷自怨自艾的无底深渊。 不幸的是，这些期待往往都是假象而已。任何一个有所经历的成人都知道所有的情欲不过如此，当然他如果正身陷其中则另当别论。朋友们天荒地老的故事我们并不当真，因为知道有的时候感情可以持续有时却难以为继。而真正能够持久的感情并不是因为在最初的时候曾经有过怎样的诺言。两个人能够白头偕老并不是因为他们是伟大的恋人，而是因为他们有良好的品行：克制，忠诚，不偏激，可以相互适应。 B. What is marriage? Marriage is like what Mr. Qian Zhongshu put in his novel Fortress Besieged,“Marriage is like a besieged fortress：those who are outside want to get into it, and those who are inside want to get out of it.”But the fact is that even those who have managed to rush out of the fortress still harbor good wishes for marriage and whenever possible, they still try their best to come back. And for those who stay inside, the majority of them still keep protecting the fortress carefully by fulfilling their duties whether they have got lost or puzzled in their marriage life. Only after a person gets married, will he/she come to understand more about the marriage and treasure it as it is. In fact, getting married is not so difficult since boys and girls should be married upon reaching adulthood; however, keeping the marriage fresh and stable is a little bit tough because the couple have to take a long time to get used to each other. It is no wonder people claim that it is easy to be in love with each other, but it is hard to live with each other. Therefore, those married couples should learn to forget something unpleasant and recall those sweet memories because marriage happiness is what the couple feel about each other. Additional Work I. Idiom Studies 1. crossing my bridges before I come to them 2. laid at the door of 3. sit on the fence 4. the writing on the wall 5. a tower of strength 1. raised the roof 2. from pillar to post 3. a halfway house 4. took the floor 5. beating a path to her door II. Vocabulary Expansion 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. A 10.A Unit Five Key to Exercises III. Vocabulary A. 1. ascertain 2. allegiance 3. indubitable 4. exterminate 5. of no avail 6. treachery 7. eluded 8. of little account /of little moment 9. preclude 10. with a view to B. 1. diversity 2. retain 3. wholeheartedness 4. prosperity 5. tolerance 6. potent 7. acclaimed 8. orderly 9. folly 10. discord C. 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A IV. Cloze 1. same 2. past 3. beyond 4. true 5. brought 6. historically 7. with 8. like 9. when 10. reason 11. what 12. as 13. problems 14. protects 15. help 16. about 17. to 18. own 19. number 20. provide V. Translation A. 自少年时代起，我的一生主要部分奉献给了两个不同的目标，它们长期以来彼此分隔，直至近年才合为一体。一方面我想探究能否做到知晓一切；另一方面我想尽己所能创造一个更为幸福的世界。在三十岁之前，我把大部分精力用在了前一项任务上。怀疑论令我苦恼不已，我被迫无奈得出如下结论：大部分所谓的知识都非定论，可以进行合理地怀疑。就像人们想获得宗教信仰一样，我想得到事物的确定性。我以为，与其他任何领域相比，在数学中更可能找到确定性。但我发现在老师期望我接受的许多数学演算中充满了谬误。我还发现，如果在数学中真正能找到确定性的话，它将存在于一种新数学中，其根基比那些迄今被认为是安全可靠的基础更加牢固。然而，随着工作的推进，不断地使我联想起那则关于大象和乌龟的寓言。我建造了一头支撑数学界的大象，之后发现大象摇摇欲坠，于是又建造了一只乌龟去支撑大象使之不倒。可是乌龟和大象一样靠不住，经过大约二十年的艰辛劳动，我渐渐得出结论：在使数学知识确切无疑方面我已无能为力。接着第一次世界大战爆发，我的思想就集中到人类的悲惨遭遇和愚昧行为上去了。在我看来，无论是悲惨遭遇还是愚昧行为都不是人类不可避免的命运。我深信，只要人类不去毁灭自己，那么智慧、耐心和雄辩迟早会引导人类走出作茧自缚的折磨。 B. Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one’s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true. The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. This does not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one’s interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult. Key to Additional Work I. Idiom Studies 1. have your cake and eat it 2. looks as if butter wouldn’t melt in his mouth 3. buttering both sides of his bread 4. egg on his face 5. crying over spilt milk 6. pour oil on troubled waters 7. eat humble pie 8. sugar the pill 9. make a meal of it 10.save your breath to cool your porridge II. Vocabulary Expansion 1. A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.B 6. A 7.D 8.B 9. C 10.D Unit Eight Key to Exercises III. Vocabulary A. 1.impertinent 2. divested 3. ill-timed 4. counterbalance 5. propriety 6. make amends 7. aversion 8. abhor 9. engaging 10 insipid (flat, tedious ) B. 1. coolly 2. initiation 3. affectedly 4. vanity 5. ample (enough ) 6. elaborate 7. tempt 8. insensible 9. display ( exhibit ) 10.vice C. 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10.C IV. Cloze 1. up 2. but 3. make 4. despite 5. for 6. over 7. be 8. what 9. that 10. character 11. call 12. on 13. Rather 14. to 15. itself 16. even 17. based 18. look 19. While 20. from V. Translation A． 讨人喜欢是一门是很有必要掌握、但又是很难学会的艺术。它几乎无法被归纳成为几条规则；你本人敏锐的意识和观察能力，比我更能教会你这些东西。“别人如何待你，你就如何待人” 这是我所知道的最可靠的讨人喜欢的方法。你仔细观察别人身上什么东西讨你喜欢，那么你身上同样的东西就可能讨别人喜欢。如果别人对你的幽默、情趣和不足所给予的恭维和关注，令你高兴，那么毫无疑问，你给予他们相同的恭维和关注，也同样会令他们高兴。与朋友相聚时说话要随众人的调子，你不要装模作样地定调子；你是严肃、快乐、或是开点玩笑，要根据所处朋友间的气氛而定，这是每一个个人对大多数人应有的礼貌。你不要在朋友中讲故事，没有比这种做法更令人乏味和不快的了。如果你碰巧知道一则短小的故事，而且又特别适合当时的话题，那就用最简洁的语言把它表达出来；然后婉转地说你并不喜欢讲故事，但这则故事短小精悍，使你欲罢不能。 在所有的事情中，最重要的是在谈话中摒弃言必称“我”的做法。千万别打算用自己所关心的事或个人私事去取悦他人；尽管你对这些事情感兴趣，对别人来说，它们却是单调乏味和无关紧要的，而且个人私事应尽量保密。无论你认为自己多么优秀，千万不要在众人面前自我炫耀；即使谈话为你提供了展示这些优点的机会，你也不要像许多人那样，拼命地把它们转移到话题中去。如果这些优点是真实的，那它们肯定会被人发现，你无须自己去指出它们，由别人发现对你更加有利。即便你认为自己的论点是正确的，也不要情绪激动地固执己见；而应该谦虚冷静地阐述自己的观点，这是说服别人的唯一途径；如果这样做行不通，就设法换个话题，可以心平气和地说：“我们难以互相说服，其实也没有必要这样做。让我们谈点别的事情吧。” B. I have a few things in my mind which I have often longed to say for the instruction of the young; for it is in one’s tender early years that such things will best take root and be most enduring and most valuable. Always obey your parents when they are present. This is best policy in the long run, because if you don’t they will make you. Most parents think they know better than you do, and you can generally benefit more by accepting that idea than you can by acting on your own judgment. Be respectful to your superiors, also to friends, acquaintances and people around you. If a person offends you, and you are in doubt as to whether it was intentional or not, do not resort to extreme measures; simply watch your chance and hit him back later. That will be sufficient. If you shall find that he had not intended any offense, come out frankly and confess yourself in the wrong when you struck him; acknowledge it like a man and say you didn’t mean to. Always avoid violence. In this age of charity and kindliness, the time has gone by for violence. Key to Additional Work I. Idiom Studies 1. laughed it out of court 2. on the town 3. talk shop 4. played both sides of the street 5. turned the corner 6. museum piece 7. come down in the world 8. know their place 9. the man in the street 10. come to the wrong shop II. Vocabulary Expansion 1. B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6. A 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C Unit Ten Key to Exercises III. Vocabulary A. 1. battened 2. posed as 3. infested 4. thought twice about 5. defamed 6. demolish 7. avidly 8. moderate 9. loathed 10. touting B. 1. bare 2. donned 3. raucous 4. abolish 5. wheedle 6. jovial 7. summoned 8. disgorge 9. squalid 10. bent C. 1B 2A 3C 4D 5C 6B 7A 8B 9C 10D IV. Cloze 1 gay 2 affairs 3 beloved 4 rise 5 tackle 6 whether 7 Nor 8 justified 9 public 10 but 11 Revealing 12 hypocrisy 13 gratuitous 14enough 15 indeed 16 liar 17 paying 18 ignoble 19 hardly 20 on V. Translation A. 诚然，一个人的家不再是他的城堡，或者即便是，护城河也是干的，吊门总是高悬着的。没有任何东西能够阻挡每日如潮水般涌来貌似私人信件的广告邮件、上门的推销员以及陌生人打来的电话。电话到了不替别人着想的那些人手里，便成了致命的武器。但如果一个人想采取措施保护自己，拒绝将自己的电话号码登记在电话簿上，他就得自食苦果。纽约电话公司的用户名册上有近50万不愿登记号码的顽固分子。这个数字表明，人们依然渴望保护隐私，尽管对隐私的尊重已不复存在。几年前，该公司对未登记号码的主顾感到很恼火，就在他们每月的帐单上增收额外的费用，希望以此来迫使他们回到登记在册的好用户队伍中来。 现代建筑在破坏隐私方面也有一份责任。观景窗最初是由弗兰克劳埃德怀特这样的人设计出来的，用以观赏大自然美景。现今数以百万计的美国人从自家的观景窗往外看，一直看到别人家的观景窗内的情形以及繁忙的街景。承包商刚刚安装完观景窗装，装潢人员就被召来用昂贵的窗帘将其遮挡起来，以防外界窥视。即使这样，隐私仍然难以确保。在许多现代房屋中，房间已被相互融为一体的“区域” 所替代。这样一来，丈夫想在“阅读区”（以前的书房）工作，数英尺之外的“娱乐区”（以前的活动室）发出的喧闹声，就会毫无遮挡地传到他的耳中。 B. The idea that public status comes with a loss of privacy is unpersuasive. Far more persuasive is the thought that a person’s privacy may be breached if the information disclosed serves a proven public interest. A code of press practice specifies the various conditions that could count as involving a genuine public interest in publication, such as detecting or exposing crime, protecting public health, preventing the public from being misled. Showing public officials to be corrupt, grossly inefficient, criminally negligent, or dishonest is certainly in the public’s interest, provided that these failings bear directly on their performance of their public duties. Thus, for example, a revealing that a minister is a highly paid non-executive director of a company which regularly seeks contracts with the government is a matter for public concern. However, the majority of cases where privacy is breached touch on matters of sexual morality and it is that much harder to see how the public interest is served by their disclosure. Key to Additional Work I. Idiom Studies 1. came of age 2. old before their time 3. his days were numbered 4. made her day 5. a wet blanket 6. blacken the character of 7. marking time 8. the moment of truth 9. play second fiddle 10. on the spur of the moment II. Vocabulary Expansion 1. B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6. C 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.C