人教出版高一英语必修一Unit2考点梳理及其练习进步知识学习.doc

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Unit2 English around the world official adj 官方的．正式的.公务的 voyage n 航行．航海 conquer 征服.占领 because of 因为 come up 走近，上来．提出 native 本国的；本地的 n 本地人．本国人 actually实际上，事实上 base根据 n 基部；基地，墓础 at present 现在；目前 gradual 逐渐的.逐步的 enrich 使富裕；充实，改善vocabulary 词汇.词汇量.词表 make use of 利用 使用 latter 较后的后平的；（两者中）后者的 . fluent 流利的.流畅的 frequent adj 频繁的．常见的 usage 使用.用法.词语惯用法command命令；指令；掌握 request请求；要求 dialect 方言 expression 词语；表示表达 play a part ( in ）扮演个角色：参与 2.短语归纳 1. 不只有一种英语 more than one kind of English 2. 在一些重要方面 in some important ways 3. 彼此不同 be different from one another 4. 与现代英语不同 be different from modern / present day English 5. 起着的重要作用 play an important role / part 6. 起着越来越重要的作用 play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role 7. 因为它特殊的作用 because of its special role 8. 国际语言 an international language 9. 在16世纪末 at the end of the 16 th century 10. 在17世纪初 at the beginning of the 17 th century 11. 在20世纪前期 in the early 20 th century 12. 即使 even if / even though 13. 以德语为基础 be based on German 14. 使用更大的词汇量 make use of a wider vocabulary 15. 它自己的特色 its own identity 16. 众多讲英语的人 a very large number of English speakers 17. 学英语的人数 the number of people learning English 18. 信不信由你 believe it or not 19. 讲最好的英语 speak excellent English 20. 从一个地方搬到另一个地方 move from one place to another 21. 充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects 22. 国际组织 an international organization 23. 辨认出他的口音 recognize his accent 24. 发出命令 give commands 25. 提出客气的请求 make a polite request 要点提炼 Section A 重要词语辨析 1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour 【解释】 voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行 Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1942. journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行，距离较远，多指陆地 They will make a journey to Beijing by train. travel: 一系列的旅程，泛指旅游 We had six days’ travel by car. trip: (短途)旅行 The Greens will take a weekend trip to the Great Wall. tour: 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行 We will make a tour of Hainan next week. 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). It is tiring to take a long _______ by train from Paris to Moscow. 2). The _________ from England to Australia used to take several months. 3). We’ll have time for a ______ to France next weekend. 4). We went on a guided ______ round the castle. 1. recognize/realize/know (1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。 (2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。 (3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解 [应用1](1)Only after you lose your health will you ____________ the importance of health. (2)Ive ________________ Tom for years. (3)I __________ him as soon as he came into the room 2. such as/for example/that is/and so on (1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用 that is或 namely。 (2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。 (3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。 (4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用．..and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。 [练习](1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________， Chinese, maths, English and P．E. (2)Overcooking(烹饪过度), ____________， destroys many nutrients(营养素). (3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German. (4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag. 4 a number of / the number of 【解释】 a number of意思是“若干；许多” the number of意思是“……的数目” 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). Today ___________ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly. 2). ____________ books in the market are in English. 重要词性变化 1. actual adj. 实际的 actually adv. 实际上；事实上 2. base n. 基地；基础 base v. 以……为根据 basic adj. 基本的 3. east n. 东方 eastern adj. 东方的；东部的 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1) What did he _________ say? (actual) 2) The __________ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual) 3）My knowledge of physics is pretty _________. (base) 4）She used her familys history as a _________ for her novel. (base) 5）This novel is ________ on historical facts. (base) 6）He is interested in ________ customs. (determine) 7) The wind is blowing from the __________. (determine) 重点词汇，短语，句式 1.official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的 You will have to get official permission to cut down the trees.你得获得官方批准才可以砍伐这些树。 There will be an official inquiry into the matter.将对这件事进行正式调查。 【拓展】official 或 officer两者都有官员的意思，但是所指不同 1， official常指政府官员或行政官员 2， officer常指身特定制服的官员，如军官或者警官等。 练习：我爸爸是军官，而他爸爸是政府官员。 My father is an________ in the army, while his father is an________ in the government. 答案：officer official 3. native adj. 本国的；本土的 n.本地人，本国人 The women are native people.这些妇女是本地人。 Finally, she returned to her native land.她最后返回了她的祖国。 The panda is a native of China.熊猫原产于中国。 【注意】native 做形容词用时，只能做前置定语。 be native to 意为（动植物）是…特有的，原产于… The tiger is native to India, 这种虎产于印度。 4. actually adv. 实际上；事实上 （相当于in fact/ as a matter of fact） He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous. 他看起来很镇定，实际上却非常紧张。 Perhaps I will stay up and watch the film. Actually, I think I will just go to bed. 或许我会熬夜看这部电影，不过我想我还是去睡觉吧。 【其他】actually adv.居然；竟然 He actually expected me to pay for the ticket.他竟然指望我给他付票钱。 actual adj. 实在的；实际的；实际上；确实 What were his actual words? 他到底怎么说的？ 5. base vt. 以…为基础 n.基础；基地； I based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.我把希望寄托在我们昨天的得到的好消息上。 This provides a good base for the development of new techniques. 这为新技术的发展奠定了良好的基础。 base sth on sth 以某事物为另一事物的根据或基础 be based on 以…为基础 on the base of… 以…为基础 an air base 空军基地 The story is based on facts.这个故事是以事实为基础的。 One should always base one’s opinions on facts.一个人的观点应该以事实为基础。 6．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 Things gradually improved. 情况已经渐渐地改善。 gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的 This is a gradual change in his attitude towards his stepmother. 他对待继母的态度正在逐渐改变。 7. latter adj. 较后的；后半的；后者的 She lived a hard life in the latter part of her life. 在她的后半生，她过的很辛苦。 【注意】the latter (已提到的两者中的)后者，通常与the former(前者)相对应 They are two choices for us. Many boys support the farmer, but I favour the latter. 注意区分later 后来 8. frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的 His visit became less frequent as time passed. 随时时间的流逝，他渐渐不常登门了。 frequently adv. 常常；频繁的 Buses run frequently from the city to the airport. 公共汽车不断的从城市开往机场。 词组1. because of 因为；由于 [典例]1). They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。 [短语归纳] because of 是复合介词。 because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。 [练习] ⑴ He came late to school again _______ he got up too late. ⑵ The girl cried __________ what the teacher said. ⑶ we have to cancel our trip _________ the bad weather. because of的近义词组 thanks to 因为；由于 as a result of 由于…的原因 by reason of 因为 due to 因为，由于 owing to 归功于… Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.多亏了他的帮助，我按时完后了任务。 I had to stay at home due to the weather.由于天气原因我只能呆在家里。 2.come up走近；上来；提出 [典例] 1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。 3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting. 这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。 5). I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕发生了什么急事。 [短语归纳] come across邂逅 偶遇 come about发生 come at向…扑来,攻击 come from 来自 come out 出版;开花；结果是 come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来；传承 [练习] 用come构成的词组填空。 1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _______ him. 2). The magazine __________ once a month. 3). I wish you can ___________ to England on your holiday. 4). The engineers has ______________ new ways of saving energy. 5). They ___________ an old school friend in the street this morning. 3. at present 现在，目前 1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送 [典例] 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。 2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。 3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。 I am afraid I can’t help you just at present ---I am too basy.恐怕现在我帮不了你，我太忙了。 [重点用法] at present=at the present time=now 目前，现在 be present at 出席；到场(反义： be absent from) present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人 【注意】present作为adj.“现在的；当前的”讲时，常做前置定语；而做“出席的，到场的”讲时，常做后置定语。 He doesn’t know how to deal with the present problem. 他不知道则呢么应对当前的局势。 The people present at the meeting are advanced workers. 出席会议的人都是先进工作者。 [练习] 中译英 1). 所有（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误。 2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。 答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. 2). This book was a present from my brother. 4. make use of 利用；使用 [典例] 1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。use前可加形容词，表示不同程度的利用。 [短语归纳] make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make the best/most of 充分利用 use up 用尽，耗尽 You are not making the best (use) of your talents.你并没有充分发挥你的才能。 [练习] 1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。2). 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。 答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English. 2). We will make good use of her talents. 5. such as例如；像这种的 1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些诗人, 如济慈和雪莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌 2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了 [练习] 用such as或for example填空 1). I like drinks __________ tea and soda. 2). The report is incomplete; it doesn’t include sales in France, ________. 句型 1.Why not go by underground? 为什么不坐地铁去呢？ Why not +V原 句式，表示提出建议或对某些建议表示同意。 =why don’t you/we do…? 2. Which country do you think has the most English learners? [解释]本句包含一个结构，疑问词+do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose/suggest +陈述句 此结构又称为双重疑问句，用来征询对某一观点的看法，判断，认识，猜测和请求，表疑问的插入语又起到主句的作用，所以其后一定要用陈述句语序。 注意：如果插入语是do you suggest时，句中的谓语动词应用should+动词原形 What timedoyouexpect we willcome and pick you up？你希望我们几点来接你？ Whatdoyousupposehewilldo after he hears about the good news？ 你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？ Whydoyouthinktheir team could win the football match? 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？ 3. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或者外语。 [解释] than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”。如： The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。 [练习] 中译英 1). 简看起来比以前漂亮多了。 2). 雨下得比以前更大。 答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before. 2). Its raining harder than ever before. 【拓展】：(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although, though, no matter when/what..., whenever, wherever, however 等等。 (2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。 ①Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited. 即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。 ②Whatever you do, do it well. 不管你做什么，把它做好。 ③However hot it is, he wont take off his hat. 不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。 ④Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness. 尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。 [即境活用1]　(2007浙江)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______they knew it to be valuable. A．as if B．now that C．even though D．so that 4.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相理解。 句中even if 是连接词组，用来引导一个让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”相当于even though We wouldn’t buy the car even if we could afford it. 即使我们付得起这笔钱，也不会买这辆车。 【注意】此句型主将从现的用法 We will visit the museum even though/if it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨我们也要去参观这家博物馆。 【辨析】even though/if 和 as if/though even though/if 表示“尽管；即使”引导让步状语从句 as if/though 表示“好像”引导方式状语从句或表语从句，其从句一般用虚拟语气，若所陈述的情况很有可能实现，也可以用陈述语气。 Even if he is poor, she loves him . Tom looks as if he were an artist. 5.At first the English spoken in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different from the English today.首先，大约在公园450年到1150年间，英国人所说的英语与今天所说的英语很不不一样。 本句中两个English后面都跟了过去分词spoken做后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that is/was spoken,过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。 Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun? The building built there is our lab. 【注意】过去分词作定语的时候，单个的分词作定语的时候，一般位于其修饰的名词前；分词短语作定语，一般位于其修饰你的名词之后，被过去分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语，该分词与被修饰词之间存在动宾关系。 The stolen car was found by the police last week. 警察上周找到了那辆失窃的车。 Section B重点词汇，短语，句式 1. usage n.使用；用法；词语惯用法 It’s not a word in common usage.这不是一个常用词。 Car usage is predicted to increase. 汽车的使用频率预计会增长。 【辨析】use和usage 作为名词，两者都有“使用”之意，但是用法略有不同。 Usage做“用法”讲的时候，侧重某物的使用方法或惯用法，做“使用，利用”的时候，侧重于事物的使用频率。 use做名词用时，意为“用，使用，得到利用”，强调的是某物“被使用的事实或状态”。 current English usage 当代英语惯用法 land usage 土地的利用 I am not sure that is the most valuable use of my time. 我不能肯定我的时间这样安排是最有价值的。 【例题】I don’t know the _____ of the world. The church was built in the twelfth century and is still in _____ today. usage use 2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握 1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。 [重点用法] command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事 be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制 in command of 控制… be at one’s command 听任某人支配 have / take command of… 指挥… [特别提醒] command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气 should(not)+动词原形，should可省略 The general commanded that we (should) attack at once. 将军命令我们立即进攻。 [练习] 用适当的介词填空 1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life. 2). The army is __________ the king’s direct command. 3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation. 答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of 3. request n.& v. 请求；要求 [典例] 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。. 2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。 [重点用法] at the request of sb = at one’s request 按照某人的要求/请求 in request 有需求，受欢迎 by request 依照请求，应邀 request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事(被动形式：sb be requested to do sth) request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事 request做动词，如后接从句作宾语，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分要用should(not)+动词原形，should可省略 She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision until the next meeting. 她要求在下次开会之前不要告诉任何人她的决定。 【扩展】像request /command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形”的常用词有： 一个“坚持(insist)”； 两个“命令(order，command)”； 三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”； 四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”； ⑴ He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation. ⑵ He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation. ⑶ The passengers _____________(request) to show their passports. [练习] 中译英。 1). 我是（特别）应你要求而来。 2). 请不要吸烟。 答案: 1). I came at your (special) request. 2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke. 【辨析】 ask request beg 三者都有“要求”的意思，但是用法略有不同。 (1)若要某人做某事ask最通俗，最口语化。 (2)request主要用于较正式的讲话和文字中，常用于通告中，多用于被动语态。 (3)beg是以谦恭的姿态要求给予帮助，可以为“祈求” I asked her to shut the window. Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke in the car. 乘客请勿在车厢内吸烟。 He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him. 重点句型：It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as a native English speaker.对于中国人来说，把英语讲的像以英语为母语的人那样是很不容易的。 本句中含有一个It+be+形容词/名词+for sb to do sth 句型。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，介词for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。 It is not easy for her to solve the problem by herself. 对于她而言，独自解决这个问题不容易。 It will be a mistake for you not to do your homework. 不做作业对你来说是个错误。 【注意】该句式中的形容词若是kind, good, nice, clever, silly, wrong, right, stupid, rude, impolite, 等表示主观情感和态度的词时，后面的介词我们用of而不用for。 It is kind of you to think so much for us. =You are kind to think much of us. 你能为我们想这么多真实太好了。 If you use “flat” instead of “apartment”, people in America will know you have learnt British English.如果你用“flat”而不是“apartment”,美国人会认为你学的英式英语。 本句中含