前景基础学习知识英语综合教学教育资料教师用书(复旦第四册).doc

Unit One Love Dialogue 设计思路 l 友谊与爱情是人们生活中经常永恒的话题，也是大学校园的常见现象。树立正确的交友观和爱情观也是大学生素质养成的重要内容。通过对话的方式，让学生表述自己关于友情与爱情的看法。 参考教法 l 让学生搜集关于友谊与爱情的名言警句作为谈论的依据。教师可以给出以下参考： Friendship is the golden thread that ties the hearts of all the world. Without confidence there is no friendship. Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. The course of true love never did run smooth. Good company on the road is the shortest cut. A friend is a present which you give yourself. The best proof of love is trust. l 学生根据自己的理解，总结树立正确的交友观和爱情观所必需的因素。给出以下参考词汇供学生讨论，如：trust, mutual understanding, honesty, help each other, love birds, cyber love, virtual love, find a mate, dating, propose on campus, candle dinner, romantic等。 Language Points in the Dialogue 1. quality n. degree of goodness or worth e.g. He examined thequalityof the furniture carefully. 他仔细检查家俱的质量。 The man had thequalityfor leading the people. 那个人具备领导民众的才能。 quality→qualify→qualification→qualified 2. sincere a. (of feeling or behavior) not pretended; genuine e.g. Please accept mysincerethanks and best wishes. 请接受我诚挚的感谢和最美好的祝愿。 Please accept oursincereapologies for the error in your bank statement. 对于银行报表中的错误，请接受我们诚挚的道歉。 sincere→sincerely→sincerity 3. mutual a. shared by two or more people e.g. We found that we had amutualfriend. 我们发现我们有一个共同的朋友。 We should treat each other withmutualrespect. 我们应该互相尊敬 4. similarity n. the quality of being similar e.g. There is a wonderfulsimilaritybetween the twins. 这对孪生儿相像得惊人。 Thesimilaritylies in the fact that they serve the same purpose. 他们的相同之处在于目标相同。 Complete the following dialogue according to the hints given below. A: Hi, guy, you look upset today. What happened? B: Nothing good. I just had a little quarrel with my girlfriend. A: What’s the trouble? B: She complained much about my dressing style/the way I dress. I like casual dress too much. A: It’s not a big deal. You should have a talk with her. Maybe you should make some changes. B: Maybe you’re right. I’ll give it a try. Create a new dialogue according to the situation given below. 设计思路 l 通过编写对话，鼓励学生使用自己的语言表述自己的观点。以KFC相遇讨论兼职为例，练习交流的能力。 参考教法 l 让学生成对讨论，编写对话，然后按角色扮演； l 鼓励学生使用常用的口语句型； l 教师可以给出以下词汇或句型作为提示：part-time jobber, off-class activity, do good to, social experience, social skills, interpersonal communication, better arrange free time, make a good plan for things to do等。 对话译文 友谊与爱情 A: 你交朋友看重的是什么？ B: 我喜欢外向型的待人友好的人。他们待人真诚，并且我相信患难之交才是真朋友。 A: 对我来说，诚实很重要，我不喜欢与不诚实的人交朋友。 B: 是的。没有诚实就没有信任。 A: 那么关于爱情呢？对于爱情，你认为什么最重要？ B: 爱情意味着相互理解与尊重。爱情不是寻找共同之处，而是尊重彼此的不同。 A: 说得好！ B: 爱情是两个人的事。我爱你，不是因为你是一个怎样的人，而是因为喜欢与你在一起时的感觉。对于世界而言，你是一个人；但是对于某个人，你是他的整个世界。 A: 爱情是伟大的！ Text 设计思路 l 爱情之于人生非常重要。如何找寻持久的爱情对于个人幸福有着深远的影响。 l 通过学习文章，了解在物质世界飞速发展的时代如何寻找并培养永恒的爱情。 参考教法 1. Pre-reading questions 1) What is the importance of loving relationship? 2) Do you think there is someone who is really right for you? 3) Have you ever seen some love birds on campus? What do you think of them? 2. Do the reading comprehension exercises and ask students to talk about the topic of love with their own words and summarize the importance of a lasting love. 3. After-reading questions: Nowadays, people’s life is really prosperous, but rate of divorce is getting higher and higher. What do you think of love in modern times? Language Points in the Text 1. enhance v. increase, promote, cause to look better e.g. He made many efforts toenhancehis business. 他做了许多努力来提高他的业务。 This sauce willenhancethe flavor of the meat. 酱料将会增强肉的香味。 enhance→enhancement 2. emotional a. of the emotions e.g. Women are often said to be moreemotionalthan men. 人们常说女人比男人更富于感情。 He tends to getemotionalon these occasions. 他在这些场合往往容易情绪化。 emotional→emotion 3. frustrate v. (cause sb. to) have feelings of annoyed disappointment e.g. Delight and satisfy your customers rather than frustrate and annoy them with smart design decisions. 用巧妙的设计取悦并满足顾客而不是阻挠和激怒他们。 Difficulty and failure do notfrustratehis enthusiasm. 困难和失败都没有挫伤他的热情。 frustrate→frustrated→frustration 4. romantic a. showing strong feeling of love e.g. I was told that Spain is aromanticnation. 有人告诉我说，西班牙是个浪漫的国家。 She has always been a sucker forromanticmovies. 她总是对爱情片很着迷。 5. consist v. be made up of e.g. The true wealth does notconsistin what we are. 真实的财富不在于我们是做什么的。 Our deeds mustconsistwith our words. 我们必须言行一致。 6. issue n. a subject to be talked about, argued about, or decided e.g. The government is trying to keep a low profile on thisissue. 政府力图在这个问题上保持低姿态。 Opinion is divided on theissueof taxes. 关于税捐问题，大家意见分歧。 7. resolve v. put an end to (doubts, difficulties, etc.) by supplying an answer e.g. Intensive efforts are being made toresolvethe problem. 人们正全力以赴来解决这个问题。 Any misunderstanding canresolveitself into a quarrel. 任何误解都可能酿成一场争吵。 8. assess v. decide or fix the value of (sth.); evaluate e.g. Its difficult toassessthe impact of the Presidents speech. 总统讲话的巨大影响很难估计。 We are trying toassesshow well the system works. 我们正设法评估该系统运行得是否顺畅。 课文译文 寻找永久的爱情 健康的恋爱关系可以从情感、精神、身体和终生幸福等诸多方面提升你的生活质量。 单身固然有很多好处。但是当你准备好与人分享你的生活并想建立持久而有价值的恋爱关系，此时单身就非常令人沮丧。 对于许多人来说，找到共度余生的伴侣看起来就像一个不可能完成的任务，其实仍然可以通过学习找到永久的爱情，即便你曾有过短暂的恋爱史，或者对传统恋爱方式和网恋失去了兴趣。 寻找合适的爱情伴侣往往是艰辛的旅程。也许你成长于一个缺乏坚实而健康情感的家庭环境，你会怀疑爱情。或许你仅有一些短暂或夭折的爱情史，你不知道如何保持持久的恋爱关系。由于对于过往的问题悬而未决，你就可能会喜欢上不适合你的人并再次做出错误的决定。不管情况如何，相信在未来会有一份浪漫爱情为你而存在，这非常重要。 恋爱不可能是完美的，它需要付出很多努力、妥协以及积极解决冲突的意愿，这一点非常重要。为了寻找并建立值得保持的爱情，你可能需要审视自己对待约会和恋爱的错误观点，否则可能找不到永恒的爱情。 Exercises Task 1 Read the text again and answer the following questions. 1. 1. What can a healthy and loving relationship enhance? It can enhance many aspects of your life, such as your emotional，mental， physical and overall well-being or happiness. 2. Why finding the right romantic partner is often a difficult journey? Because your household and history of love may mislead you in finding the right romantic partner 3. What does a relationship require of? You need lots of work, compromise, and a willingness to resolve conflict in a positive way. 4. What may you need to do to find and build any relationship worth keeping? You may need to re-assess some of your misconceptions about dating and relationships. 5. What can prevent you from finding lasting love? Your misconceptions about dating and relationships can prevent you from finding lasting love. Task 2 Find the right definition in Column B that matches the word in Column A. 1.c 2.f 3.a 4.b 5.d 6.e 7.h 8.j 9.g 10.i Task 3 Fill in the blanks with the given words. Change the form where necessary. 1. Its healthier to releasefrustrationthan to bottle it up. 2. Derik has a weird hair style and enjoys a great recognition on campus. 3. She looks at the house andassessesits market value. 4. Huge efforts are made toresolvethe problem. 5. He doesn’t look good, because hes suffering from severementaldisorder. 6. Passing the English examination shouldenhanceyour chances of getting the post. 7. Nobody canpreventhim from running the risk. 8. How many players does a baseball teamconsistof? 9. It is said that Frenchmen are the mostromanticpeople in the world. 10. Women are often said to be moreemotionalthan men. Task 4 Fill in the blanks according to the following passage. 1. The three qualities of love are attraction, closeness and commitment. 2. Attraction is the chemistry part of love. It’s all about the physical interest between the two. 3. Trust is a big part of closeness, the second quality of love. 4. If two people show the quality of closeness, they may share thoughts and feelings. 5. Romantic love is combined with attraction and closeness and it can be hard to tell the difference between attraction and closeness. Task 5 Translate the following into English or Chinese. 1. The flight has been cancelled due to the bad weather. 2. Genuine beauty consists of inner beauty and outer beauty. 3. Proper exercise can enhance physical health. 4. Nobody can prevent him from traveling around the world. 5. We should resolve problems on our own after we step into the society. 6. 在人生的旅途上你会遇到许多人，从中找到适合你的人，然而你应该不顾一切地避开几种类型的人。他们一开始可能非常绅士体面，试图吸引你的注意力，可是一旦表现出本性，你就会避之唯恐不及。 Reading Practice Passage One 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A Passage Two 适龄 an appropriate age 独立生活 an independent life 社会关系 social relationship 经济资助 financial support 宗教机构 religious institution 自制 self-government 重大的人生决定 major life decisions 特定行业 a particular profession 文化价值观 cultural value 自立 self-reliance and independence Practical Writing 设计思路 本单元应用文写作选取日常生活和工作中经常会涉及到的请假条作为写作部分教学内容。具体通过“概述、重要句型介绍、例文学习、写作实践”四个步骤让学生掌握请假条的写作。 参考教法 1.导入问题： In what kind of situation do you have to write a request for leave？ 2. 教师简短介绍请假条的定义。 3. 教师讲解请假条的基本格式。 4. 教师讲解重要表达方式和句型。 5. 案例学习。 6. 写作实践。 IV. Read the following letter of showing thanks and answer questions. 1. What is the purpose of writing this letter? To ask leave from the teacher. 2. When will Mary be absent from school? From the 12th to the 17th. 3. Why does Mary ask for leave? She has to return home to see my grandfather. 4. What does Mary promise to do after coming back? She will do her best to make up for her missed lessons. V. Writing Practice Key April 25th Director Wang, I beg to apply for five days’ leave of absence from April 26th to May 1st instant, in order to return home to see my father, who is now dangerously ill. I shall be much obliged if you grant me my application. As for the work not done during my absence, I will do my best to make up for them as soon as I come back. Zhang Qiang Unit Two Cultural Exchange Dialogue 设计思路 l 文化交流发生于两个或者多个具有文化源差异显著的关系之间。随着社会经济的不断发展，文化的交流愈发频繁。通过了解不同文化之间的差异，帮助学生更好的理解和掌握不同国家的语言应用环境； l 现代社会中，东西方国家之间的政治、经济合作越来越多，我们应该如何面对这些文化差异，如何去认识和了解。 参考教法 l 让学生列举一些发生在我们周围的中西方文化差异现象，比如饮食、服装、教育等方面； l 讨论文化差异是否会给人们的生活带来的误解与冲突。 Complete the following dialogue according to the hints given below. A: Do you know why America is called “melting pot”? B: Of course. America is a country of immigrants. The immigrants are from corners of the world. A: Yes, such as Europe, South America, Africa and Asia. B: You are right. Every stream of immigrants has its own culture, and since society doesn’t exclude these cultures, it forms a multicultural environment. A: Oh, I see. American culture is just like a big melting pot of different cultures. Create a new dialogue according to the situation given below. 设计思路 l 通过对话的学习和讨论，学生对文化交流有了进一步的认识。通过编写对话，梳理有关文化交流的一些知识，把现实生活中的场景转化为语言情景。 参考教法 l 把班级学生分成若干小组，确定要讨论的文化交流事例，编写英文对话； l 教师根据学生编写对话的情况，选择几组表现突出的学生，在班级上展示，锻炼学生，并提高学生的积极性，活跃课堂气氛。 对话翻译 文化差异 A：我是唐明，很高兴见到你！ B：幸会！我是乔。 A：听说你来自英国，在这里学习汉语吗？ B：是的，这是我来中国的第一年。 A：你现在习惯在中国的生活吗？有时候对于西方的学生而言，有些艰难。 B：太对了！我在英格兰长大，第一次出国留学，需要一些时间来习惯这里的文化。 A：对你来说，在这里最大的困难是什么？ B：我想应该是习俗吧。缺乏对中国风俗习惯的了解，给我带来了很多麻烦。 A：比如呢？ B：西方文化中，即使是好朋友或者父母，一点点帮助都要说谢谢，但是中国不同，例如帮朋友开门之类的小事，他们是不需要说感谢之类的话。 A：的确如此，在中国无需说感谢！ B：有时很担心由于习俗差异对中国的同学们不够礼貌。 A：完全理解！你最好交几个中国朋友，向他们学习。 B：嗯，好主意。 Text 设计思路 l 由对话导入了文化差异的话题，在课文中进一步的讨论文化差异，了解深层次的一些文化现象，有助于学生把握语言应用的环境。 l 随着社会经济的发展，文化交流日益频繁，为更好的进行国际交流，现代学生有必要了解一些西方国家的文化现象。 参考教法 l 导入问题：What is Cultural Exchange? Can you give some examples in our life? What can we learn from cultural exchange? Language Points in the Text 1. inevitable a. ① certain to happen and impossible to avoid e.g. Its inevitable that doctors will make the occasional mistake. 医生也会偶尔犯错误，这是不可避免的。 Disease was an inevitable consequence of poor living conditions. 疾病是恶劣的生活条件所带来的必然结果。 ② a situation that is certain to happen: e.g. One day the inevitable happened and I got a speeding ticket. 一天一件不可避免的事情发生了，我得到一张罚单。 2. clash n. ① a short fight between two armies or groups: violent clashes between police and demonstrators 警察与示威者之间的暴力冲突 ②an argument between two people or groups: e.g. The plans put oil companies in a head-on clash with environmentalists. 这些计划使得石油公司与环保主义者之间发生了正面的冲突。 3. enrich v. to improve the quality of something, especially by adding things to it e.g. Add fertilizer to enrich the soil. 施肥使土壤肥沃。 Education can greatly enrich your life. 教育可以极大的丰富你的生活。 4. digest v. ① to change food that you have just eaten into substances that your body can use: e.g. One or two years old babies can digest a wide range of food easily. 一两岁大的婴儿能够很容易消化各种各样的食物。 ② to understand new information: e.g. I struggled to digest the news. 我努力去理解这个新闻。 5. eliminate v. ① to completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted: e.g. Do you know how to eliminate the pouch? 你知道如何消除眼袋吗？ Fatty foods should be eliminated from the diet. 高脂肪的食物应该从饮食中去除。 ② to defeat a team or person in a competition: e.g. Our team was eliminated in the first round. 我们的队伍在第一轮就被淘汰了。 6. novelty n. the quality of being new, unusual, and interesting: e.g. Many toys have no attraction beyond their novelty value. 许多玩具除了新奇性，无任何吸引力。 It was fun for a while, but the novelty wore off. 它会有趣一段时间，但新鲜感会渐渐消失。 7. imitation n. copy someone elses actions e.g. Many people think that children learn language by imitation. 很多人认为儿童是通过模仿学习语言的。 8. originality n. something completely new and different e.g. I was impressed by the originality of the plan. 这个计划的创意给我留下了深刻印象。 Her earlier work shows a lot of originality. 她早期的作品展示了很多创意。 A lot of his designs lack originality. 他的很多设计缺乏创意。 课文翻译 文化差异 现代化的交通与传播手段使世界变得越来越小，整个国际社会好似一个巨大的地球村。有着不同文化背景的村民们在文化交流和文化冲撞中和睦相处。 当代社会的任何一个民族，其先进文化从来都不是孤立的，而是与其他民族的文化进行广泛交流的产物。 当然，任何一个民族的文化，其根基与主流必须具有这个民族的鲜明特征。文化交流不是让外国文化吞没自己的文化，而是为了丰富和充实本民族的文化。 通过文化交流，不同的文化可以相互学习，相互影响。在文化领域里，相互影响是一种非常复杂的现象。因此，吸取外国文化是一个入口、咀嚼和消化的过程。我们应该采取去伪存真、去粗取精、多出优进、抵御腐蚀的原则。我认为各种文化的不同特点和风格不会因此而消失，相反，不同的文化可以取长补短，互为补充。 我们在吸取外国文化优秀成果的同时，不能满足于一味模仿的做法。沉溺于简单的模仿会使自己失去创作力，无法达到新的艺术高度，无法向世界推出自己的优秀作品。新意是现代风格与传统风格的结合，是外国特色与本民族特色的结合，是艺术性与教育性的结合。 Language Practice Task 1 Read the text again and answer the following questions. 1. Why does the world become smaller? The world becomes smaller because of different modern transportation and communication. 2. What can we learn from cultural exchange? It can enrich a nation’s own culture. 3. What kind of principle can we adopt in cultural exchange? Eliminate the false and retain the true, discard the dross and select the essential, export more and import the best, and resist bad influences. 4. How should we do when we absorb the essence of a foreign language? We should not be content with imitation without creation; we should keep our novelty and originality. 5. When we talk to the westerns, what kinds of questions should be avoided? We should avoid personal questions like these: How old are you? Are you married? How much do you make? How many children do you have? … Task 2 Find the right definit