口译记录材料速记符号归总及其记录材料技巧窍门.doc
*-主要内容1 Note-taking symbols and abbreviations2缩略词3字母、图像4箭头5数学符号6标点技巧一. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro= introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.amt = amountcontd = continuedgovt = governmenteducatl = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus/ parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:techgy technologygenion generalisationdely deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse g to represent ing endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of resulting in and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than especially esp/二、 缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词 原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large三、 字母、图像Z 表示人people/person,因为Z看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:JZ.C 表示政府,统治:government,govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government.governmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治:politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician就可以表示为 PZE 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect.E 数学符号表示总值。G 表示效率:efficient, effective.G为效率符号。Q 表示通货膨胀:inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。B 表示商业:business.C 表示冲突,矛盾:conflict, confrontation C中的表示反对,字母C将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation. W 表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。U U 看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示举杯祝贺.如果在U内填入2,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个/表示谈判破裂。O 表示国家、民族、领土等:country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口,Og表示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办:chair, host, preside over.那么在此符号上加Z表示主席,主持人:chairman, host, etc.T 表示领导人:leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT 圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,conference, negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposiumk 这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示捕鱼业等合fishery 有关的词汇。O 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示开心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc.L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示听到、总所周之:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, dont care much, etc.四、箭头g 表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc.表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服:submit tof 表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc.表示追溯到:come/go back to,originateh 表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc.表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc.表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen, promote, etc表示波折:ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.五、 数学符号+ 表示多: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.+(+2) 表示多的比较级:more+3 表示多的最高级:most 表示少: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. 表示错误、失误和坏的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc. 表示多于概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示高 概念:superior to,surpass, etc. 表示少于概念:less/smaller,etc.表示低概念:inferior to,etc.= 表示同等概念:means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.表示对手概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示在之间:among, within, etc. 表示不同概念:be different from, etc.表示无敌概念:matchless, peerless, etc. 表示大约概念:about/around,or so, approximately, etc./ 表示否定,消除等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.六、 标点等: 表示各种各样说的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示问题:question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?. (dot) 这个.点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样.d表示yesterday, .y表示last year, .2m表示two month ago.y表示this year, y2. two year laternext week, 可以表示为wk. 表示转折 表示好的状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.表示同意状态,stand up for,support, agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc. 表示重要的状态:important,exemplary(模范的) best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.n 表示交流状态:exchange,mutual, etc.&表示和,与:and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc. 表示结束:end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.六、 较长单词的处理办法-ism 简写为m 例如:socialism Sm-tion简 简写为n 例如:standardization (标准化)stdn-cian 简 简写为o 例如:techniciantecho-ing 简写为g 例如:marketing (市场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为d 例如:acceptedacptd-able/ible/ble 简写为bl 例如:available avbl-ment 简写为mt 例如:amendmentamdmt-ize 简写为z 例如:recognize regz-ful 简写为fl 例如:meaningful mnfl尽管每个人的对记录符号的使用可能是多样的,同一事物不同的人可能会使用不同的符号,同一符号在不同的人意识中肯能代表不同的意思,但是通行的原则还是存在的,活用这些原则,那会让你在口译的过程中如虎添翼 在听力活动中,笔记是一个辅助我们记忆的非常有效的工具。对于专业的口译译员来说,口译笔记的作用是帮助他们还原刚刚听到的内容。而对于同学们来说其最大的作用则是在我们做题的时候帮助我们记录并最终理清语言材料之间的逻辑关系,还原具体信息细节。在听力练习当中,题目经常是在一大段语言材料播放完毕之后才出现,由于人记忆能力的局限这个时候很多本来已经听懂的内容已经无法被我们回忆起来,造成了信息模糊、信息丢失,以至于无法完成题目。而笔记可以有效地弥补人短时记忆的缺陷,掌握一点英语口译者们常用的笔记法,你会发现这些“专业人士”所谓的“高端技能”,对于普通的学习者来说同样有很大意义,可以帮助我们在一般的听力考试中游刃有余。英语笔记法的适用前提听力过关(五大支柱),听懂是做笔记的前提条件,如果听都没有听懂,又怎么可能去记?再好地记录能力都不可能创造信息本身。下面举例说明听力笔记的一些技巧:1、不要大量记录文字(汉字、单词)而要使用符号来表示意思(缩写、图形)Eg:“powerful country”记作“强口”,“我同意”记作“I ”;“观点,看法一致”记作“ same”,“economic development”记作“经”表示“上升、快速上升、快速发展、快速上涨等”表示“下降、减少、急剧下降、急速下跌等”;表示“缓慢上升,缓慢发展、缓慢上涨等”;表示“返回,倒退等”;表示“达到,至,导致,前进等”;+表示“加,增加,此外,另外,又加之”;表示“减少,减”;表示“多于,大于,强于”;表示“少于,小于,不如”;表示“因为,由于”;表示“所以,因此”;=表示“等于,相同,与相同”。t表示thousand; m表示million;b表示 billion;1st表示first。2、不要横着写:而要竖着写,竖起来记有利于保持活意思意思以及数量等信息之间的逻辑界限。3、逻辑关系要清楚明了不要记流水帐。以上是一些通行的的原则。通行的原则存在,通行的方式却不存在,这是因为每个人的对记录符号的使用可能是多样的,同一事物不同的人可能会使用不同的符号,同一符号在不同的人意识中肯能代表不同的意思。口译速记技巧口译考试之所以难,在于其长度和规定的限时。估计很多参加过第二阶段口译考试的考生都有这样的经历,听的时候大意可以听懂,但是由于听时未作任何速记,关键词汇,逻辑关系在听后无法正确归纳,导致最后只能译出第一句或最后一句,而中间部分则完全忽略或遗忘。真是如此,你是不可能通过口译考试的。因此,自己在平日练习时一定要把速记归入计划之内。总体上来说,速记符号主要有以下几类 :A 。保留大写字母或第一音节经济: E教育: Edu文化: C政治: P科技: ST卫生: H旅游: T环境: En工业: I农业: AB 简写缩略AFAC : as far as is concerned( 就 而言 )LFT : look forward to ( 期待 )ASAP : as soon as possible( 尽快 )C 图象 高兴,同意,满意等,如: happy , pleased , satisfied , agree悲伤,生气,不满,不同意等,如:sad , angry , irritated , unsatisfied , sorrowful , discomfort , disagree 会议,如 conference , meeting , seminar , symposium国家,地区,如:中国: C ,俄国: RD 符号高兴,男性,同意,增加等,如happy , male , agree , many , +2=more , +3=most , beneficial , good , beautiful , great , gorgeous悲伤,女性,不同意,减少等,如sad , female , disagree , little , few , -2=less , -3=least , lack of , short of同意,正确等,如: agree , correct , right不同意,错误等,如: disagree , incorrect增长,进步等,如: increase , soar , mushroom , rocket , make progress下降,退步,恶化等,如 decrease , sink , slide , subside , plump , plunge , drop , degrade ,deteriorate多于,超过,比 低一级等,如: more than , greater than , begger than , better than , superior to , surpass , transcend , overtake少于,比 低级等,如: less than , lower than , smaller than , inferior to大约,如: approximately , about , around , some , nearly , almost , similar to否定,清除,如: clear , settle , solve , tackle , conquer , eliminate , extinct与 不同,如: differ from , different from , distinct , unique$ 金钱,利益,如: interest , benefit , money , fund , capitalE 标点? 问题,麻烦,障碍,如: question , issue , difficult , hardship , barrier , obstacle: 主观想法和说辞,如: think , consider , speak , say , talk , mark , announce , declare , hope ,例: repeat 或 reaffirm 可以用 :2 来替代,声明支持可以用 + :来替代,谴责用 - :。表时间前后,如去年。 y ,明年 y 。,后天 d 。,前天。 d ,两周后 w 。现列举一个段落来进行一下速记的说明:女士们,先生们,尊贵的来宾们:今天我很荣幸能够代表北京大学全体师生向来自美国教育代表团一行致以热烈的欢迎,希望你们在今后的两周内在中国过得愉快。新东方口译的速记符号系统是这样的:-/+ , VIP ,d ,代 BJ Uni all wel US Edu dele , :w 。, C一、速记与口译笔记的关系口译笔记(Note-taking) 有别于会议记录,也不是速记。口译笔记是辅助记忆的手段,是在听讲过程中用简单文字或符号记下讲话内容中能刺激记忆的关键词。国内一些从事口译教学的专家认为:虽然口译笔记也会用到一些符号(包括一些速记符号),但是速记与口译笔译无关,而且将口译笔记训练混同成速记训练会让译员养成极坏的习惯,以后想改回来就不容易了。因为速记的过程是将语音整理成相关文字信息,而口译任务完成后,口译笔记就基本没有用处了,口译笔记只是帮助瞬时记忆。就像在联合国里,速记/速录师与口译译员是各司其职, 很难出现在同一场合下译员同时承担速记/速录员工作的情况。尽管如此,但是不能就此认为口译笔记可以随意记录或者没有章法可循。 二、口译笔记的学习上海速记注意到口译笔记的特点具有即时的、简短的、框架的、鲜明的个人特色,因此在笔记快写法培训中将口译笔记作为其中的一个模块,由老师们讲解为什么记笔记(提示难点,突出逻辑),记什么(时态关联词数字等),怎么记(尽量用目标语言加符号)等基本问题,并且启发性地提供大量口译中可能惯用的一些符号、略语、略符(包括一些速记符号),供学员参考和发展适合自己特点的笔记体系。如!表示but,表示a country,表示agree,表示point of view, opinion等。本技能的训练将帮助学员建立一套自己风格的可行的笔记符号,方便在实践中不断改进笔记,优化笔记系统,提高翻译质量。三、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually)等。
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主要内容
1 Note-taking symbols and abbreviations
2缩略词
3字母、图像
4箭头
5数学符号
6标点
技巧
一. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:
Abbreviations in Note taking
Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.
Symbols helpful in math —— these are commonly used in texts and references.
S = sum
f = frequency
Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.
cf = compare
e.g. = example
dept = department
Use only the first syllable of a word.
pol = politics
dem = democracy
lib = liberal
cap = capitalism
Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.
pres = presentation
subj = subject
ind = individual
cons = conservative
Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.
assoc = associate
biol = biology
info = information
ach = achievement
chem = chemistry
max = maximum
intro= introduction
conc = concentration
min = minimum
rep = repetition
Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.
ppd = prepared
prblm = problem
estmt = estimate
bkgd = background
gvt = government
Use an apostrophe in place of letters.
amt = amount
contd = continued
govt = government
educatl = educational
Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.
chpts = chapters
egs = examples
fs = frequencies
intros = introductions
Use g to represent ing endings.
ckg = checking
estg = establishing
decrg = decreasing
exptg = experimenting
Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.
Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.
Leave out unimportant words.
Leave out the words a and the.
If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.
Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.
& = and
w/ = with
w/o = without
vs = against
\ = therefore
= = is or equal
Use technical symbols where applicable.
zb = German, for example
ibid = Latin, the same work
o = degrees
H2O = water
More reference:
Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:
+ plus
// parallel
Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:
eg example
IT dept Information Technology department
UK United Kingdom
Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:
mar marketing
cus customer
cli client
Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:
subj subject
budg budget
ind individual
To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:
techgy technology
genion generalisation
dely delivery
Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:
assoc associated
ach achievement
info information
Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:
bkgd background
mvmt movement
prblm problem
Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples:
custs customers
fs frequencies
/s ratios
Use g to represent ing endings. Examples:
decrg decreasing
ckg checking
estblg establishing
Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:
in
but
as
key
Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples:
is
was
were
Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples:
a
an
the
If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:
January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB
Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:
@ at
2 to
4 for
& and
w/ with
w/o without
vs against
Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.
Other Symbols and Abbreviations
as a result of / consequences of <——>
resulting in ——>
and / also +
equal to / same as =
following ff
most importantly *
less than <
greater than > especially esp/
二、 缩略词
英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:
F拿掉所有元音
MKT: market
MGR: manager
MSG: message
STD: standard
RCV: receive
F保留前几个字母
INFO information
INS insurance
EXCH exchange
I owe you IOU
In stead of I/O
F保留开头和结尾个发音字母
WK week
RM room
PL people
F根据发音
R are
THO though
THRU through
高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表
缩略词 原词
APT Apartment
ACC Accountant
ACDG According
ACPT Accept
AD Advertisement
ADS Address
ADV Advice
AMAP As much/many as possible
AMT Amount
APV Approve
ASAP As soon as possible
BAL Balance
BLDG Building
CERT Certificate
CFM Conform
CNCL Cancel
CNF Conference
CMI Commission
CMP Complete
CMPE Compete/competitive
CMU Communication
CONC Concern/concerning/concerned
COND Condition
CO. Company
DEPT Department
DISC Discount
DPT Departure
EXCH Exchange
EXPLN Explain
EXT Extent
FLT Flight
FNT Final
FRT Freight
FYR For your reference
GD Good
GUAR Guarantee
H.O. Home office
INFO Information
IMPS Impossible
IMP(T) Important
INCD Include
INDIV Individual
INS Insurance
INTST Interested
I/O In stead of
IOU I owe you
IVO In view of
MANUF Manufacture
MDL Model
MEMO Memorandum
MGR Manger
MIN Minimum
MKT Market
MSG Message
NCRY Necessary
NLT No later than
OBS Observe
OBT Obtain
ORD Ordinary
PAT Patent
PC Piece
PKG Packing
PL People
PLS Please
POSN Position
POSS(BL) Possible
PROD Product
QLTY Quality
QUTY Quantity
RCV Receive
REF Reference
REGL Regular
REP Representative
RESN Reservation
RPT Repeat
RESPON Responsible
SEC Section
SITN Situation
STD Standard
TEL Telephone
TEMP Temporary
TGM Telegraph
THO Though
TKS Thanks
TRD Trade
TRF Traffic
TTL Total
U You
UR Your
WK Week
WL Will
WT Weight
XL Extra large
三、 字母、图像
Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:JZ.
C 表示政府,统治:government,govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government.governmental official 可以表示为 CZ
P 表示政治:politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician就可以表示为 PZ
E 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect.E 数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率:efficient, effective.G为效率符号。
Q 表示"通货膨胀":inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业:business.
C 表示冲突,矛盾:conflict, confrontation "C"中的""表示反对,字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation. W 表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U 看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺".如果在U内填入2,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"表示谈判破裂。
O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等:country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口,Og表示出口
这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办:chair, host, preside over.那么在此符号上加Z表示主席,主持人:chairman, host, etc.
T 表示"领导人":leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT
⊙ 圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,conference, negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium
k 这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。
O 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.
J 表示开心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc.
L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.
EO 表示听到、总所周之:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.
O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, dont care much, etc.
四、箭头
g 表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc.
表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.
表示屈服:submit to
f 表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc.
表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate
h 表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc.
表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc.
表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen, promote, etc
表示"波折":ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.
五、 数学符号
+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.
++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级:more
+3 表示"多"的最高级:most
- 表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.
表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.
> 表示"多于"概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.
表示"高" 概念:superior to,surpass, etc.
< 表示"少于"概念:less/smaller,etc.
表示"低"概念:inferior to,etc.
= 表示"同等"概念:means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.
表示"对手"概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.
( ) 表示"在……之间":among, within, etc.
≠ 表示"不同"概念:be different from, etc.
表示"无敌"概念:matchless, peerless, etc.
~ 表示"大约"概念:about/around,or so, approximately, etc.
/ 表示"否定","消除"等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.
六、 标点等
: 表示各种各样"说"的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.
? 表示"问题":question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?
. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago."y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk."
∧ 表示转折
√ 表示"好的"状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.
表示"同意"状态,stand up for,support, agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.
☆ 表示"重要的"状态:important,exemplary(模范的) best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.
n 表示"交流"状态:exchange,mutual, etc.
&表示"和","与":and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc.
∥ 表示"结束":end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.
六、 较长单词的处理办法
-ism 简写为m 例如:socialism Sm
-tion简 简写为n 例如:standardization (标准化)stdn
-cian 简 简写为o 例如:techniciantecho
-ing 简写为g 例如:marketing (市场营销) MKTg
-ed 简写为d 例如:acceptedacptd
-able/ible/ble 简写为bl 例如:available avbl
-ment 简写为mt 例如:amendmentamdmt
-ize 简写为z 例如:recognize regz
-ful 简写为fl 例如:meaningful mnfl
尽管每个人的对记录符号的使用可能是多样的,同一事物不同的人可能会使用不同的符号,同一符号在不同的人意识中肯能代表不同的意思,但是通行的原则还是存在的,活用这些原则,那会让你在口译的过程中如虎添翼……
在听力活动中,笔记是一个辅助我们记忆的非常有效的工具。
对于专业的口译译员来说,口译笔记的作用是帮助他们还原刚刚听到的内容。而对于同学们来说其最大的作用则是在我们做题的时候帮助我们记录并最终理清语言材料之间的逻辑关系,还原具体信息细节。
在听力练习当中,题目经常是在一大段语言材料播放完毕之后才出现,由于人记忆能力的局限这个时候很多本来已经听懂的内容已经无法被我们回忆起来,造成了信息模糊、信息丢失,以至于无法完成题目。而笔记可以有效地弥补人短时记忆的缺陷,掌握一点英语口译者们常用的笔记法,你会发现这些“专业人士”所谓的“高端技能”,对于普通的学习者来说同样有很大意义,可以帮助我们在一般的听力考试中游刃有余。
英语笔记法的适用前提——听力过关(五大支柱),听懂是做笔记的前提条件,如果听都没有听懂,又怎么可能去记?再好地记录能力都不可能创造信息本身。
下面举例说明听力笔记的一些技巧:
1、不要大量记录文字(汉字、单词)
——而要使用符号来表示意思(缩写、图形)
Eg:“powerful country”记作“强口”,
“我同意”记作“I√ ”;
“观点,看法一致”记作“⊙ same”,
“economic development”记作“经↑”
↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速发展、快速上涨等”
↓表示“下降、减少、急剧下降、急速下跌等”;
↗表示“缓慢上升,缓慢发展、缓慢上涨等”;
←表示“返回,倒退等”;
→表示“达到,至,导致,前进等”;
+表示“加,增加,此外,另外,又加之”;
—表示“减少,减”;
>表示“多于,大于,强于”;
<表示“少于,小于,不如”;
∵表示“因为,由于”;
∴表示“所以,因此”;
=表示“等于,相同,与……相同”。
t表示thousand;
m表示million;
b表示 billion;
1st表示first。
2、不要横着写:
——而要竖着写,竖起来记有利于保持活意思意思以及数量等信息之间的逻辑界限。
3、逻辑关系要清楚明了
——不要记流水帐。
以上是一些通行的的原则。通行的原则存在,通行的方式却不存在,这是因为每个人的对记录符号的使用可能是多样的,同一事物不同的人可能会使用不同的符号,同一符号在不同的人意识中肯能代表不同的意思。
口译速记技巧
口译考试之所以难,在于其长度和规定的限时。估计很多参加过第二阶段口译考试的考生都有这样的经历,听的时候大意可以听懂,但是由于听时未作任何速记,关键词汇,逻辑关系在听后无法正确归纳,导致最后只能译出第一句或最后一句,而中间部分则完全忽略或遗忘。真是如此,你是不可能通过口译考试的。因此,自己在平日练习时一定要把速记归入计划之内。总体上来说,速记符号主要有以下几类 :
A 。保留大写字母或第一音节
经济: E教育: Edu文化: C政治: P科技: ST卫生: H
旅游: T环境: En工业: I农业: A
B .简写缩略
AFAC : as far as … is concerned( 就 …… 而言 )
LFT : look forward to ( 期待 )
ASAP : as soon as possible( 尽快 )
C .图象
⊕ 高兴,同意,满意等,如: happy , pleased , satisfied , agree…
◎悲伤,生气,不满,不同意等,如:
sad , angry , irritated , unsatisfied , sorrowful , discomfort , disagree…
⊙ 会议,如 conference , meeting , seminar , symposium…
□国家,地区,如:中国:□ C ,俄国:□ R
D .符号
﹢高兴,男性,同意,增加等,如
happy , male , agree , many , +2=more , +3=most , beneficial , good , beautiful , great , gorgeous…
-悲伤,女性,不同意,减少等,如
sad , female , disagree , little , few , -2=less , -3=least , lack of , short of…
√同意,正确等,如: agree , correct , right…
不同意,错误等,如: disagree , incorrect…
↑增长,进步等,如: increase , soar , mushroom , rocket , make progress…
↓下降,退步,恶化等,如 decrease , sink , slide , subside , plump , plunge , drop , degrade ,
deteriorate…
>多于,超过,比 …… 低一级等,如: more than , greater than , begger than , better than , superior to , surpass , transcend , overtake…
<少于,比 …… 低级等,如: less than , lower than , smaller than , inferior to…
~大约,如: approximately , about , around , some , nearly , almost , similar to…
/否定,清除,如: clear , settle , solve , tackle , conquer , eliminate , extinct…
≠与 …… 不同,如: differ from , different from , distinct , unique…
$ 金钱,利益,如: interest , benefit , money , fund , capital…
E .标点
? 问题,麻烦,障碍,如: question , issue , difficult , hardship , barrier , obstacle…
: 主观想法和说辞,如: think , consider , speak , say , talk , mark , announce , declare , hope ,例: repeat 或 reaffirm 可以用 :2 来替代,声明支持可以用 + :来替代,谴责用 - :
。表时间前后,如去年。 y ,明年 y 。,后天 d 。。,前天。。 d ,两周后 w 。。
现列举一个段落来进行一下速记的说明:
女士们,先生们,尊贵的来宾们:
今天我很荣幸能够代表北京大学全体师生向来自美国教育代表团一行致以热烈的欢迎,希望你们在今后的两周内在中国过得愉快。
新东方口译的速记符号系统是这样的:
-/+ , VIP ,
d ,⊕代 BJ Uni all wel US Edu dele , :w 。。,⊕□ C
一、速记与口译笔记的关系
口译笔记(Note-taking) 有别于会议记录,也不是速记。口译笔记是辅助记忆的手段,是在听讲过程中用简单文字或符号记下讲话内容中能刺激记忆的关键词。国内一些从事口译教学的专家认为:虽然口译笔记也会用到一些符号(包括一些速记符号),但是速记与口译笔译无关,而且将口译笔记训练混同成速记训练会让译员养成极坏的习惯,以后想改回来就不容易了。因为速记的过程是将语音整理成相关文字信息,而口译任务完成后,口译笔记就基本没有用处了,口译笔记只是帮助瞬时记忆。就像在联合国里,速记/速录师与口译译员是各司其职, 很难出现在同一场合下译员同时承担速记/速录员工作的情况。尽管如此,但是不能就此认为口译笔记可以随意记录或者没有章法可循。
二、口译笔记的学习
上海速记注意到口译笔记的特点具有即时的、简短的、框架的、鲜明的个人特色,因此在笔记快写法培训中将口译笔记作为其中的一个模块,由老师们讲解为什么记笔记(提示难点,突出逻辑),记什么(时态关联词数字等),怎么记(尽量用目标语言加符号)等基本问题,并且启发性地提供大量口译中可能惯用的一些符号、略语、略符(包括一些速记符号),供学员参考和发展适合自己特点的笔记体系。如"!"表示"but","□"表示"a country","√"表示"agree","⊙"表示"point of view, opinion"等。本技能的训练将帮助学员建立一套自己风格的可行的笔记符号,方便在实践中不断改进笔记,优化笔记系统,提高翻译质量。
三、做口译笔记时的注意事项
1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually)等。
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