英语虚拟语气详解及历年高考真命题训练.doc

^` 虚 拟 语 气 第一节 语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二节 虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 NOTE：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． ２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. 第四节 虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ....” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 （should可以省略） 例如：It’ s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial（关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。 B Itis demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C.It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder proposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that… 句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It’ s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意． He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱． 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略． My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节 虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略． It’ s high time we went to the laboratory. 该是我们去实验室的时候了。 2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊；但愿)； 2.1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示； If only you listened to us!要是你听我们的话该多好啊！ 2.2 与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时。例如： If only I had listened to the doctor’ s advice! 我要是听了医生的话就好了。 3. would rather，would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句 也常用虚拟语气，表示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望 3.1 表示现在或将来的情况：在上述词后+主语+动词过去时。例如： I would rather you left today.我宁愿你今天走。 I would sooner my daughter attended a public school. 但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。 I would prefer he didn’ t stay here too long. 我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。 3.2 表示过去的情况，在上述词后+主语+动词过去完成时。 例如： I would rather I hadn’ t seen that film yesterday. 我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。 4. as if ( as though) 看起来 even if ( even though)即使 常用虚拟形式，其构成形式与wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同，表示与现在事实相反（从句意上判断），用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done)，would/could +动词原形。例如： The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。（act与were发生在同一时间平面上） He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there发生在talkes之前) 他常常谈起伦敦，就好像他去过那里似的。 She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (would never stop后于talks and talks 发生) 她常常讲起来没完没了。 5. 虚拟语气在in order that,so that,in case，lest，for fear that引导的目的状语从句中的应用，从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)＋动词原形"或"should＋动词原形"。在以lest引导的从句中，谓语动词用"should＋动词原形"。例如： He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain. 他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。 He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。 He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold. 他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。 6.wish 后面的宾语从句中， 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为： 表现在 过去时 (表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的愿望) I wish I were a bird. （were 与wish 发生在同一时间平面上） 表过去 过去完成时 （从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在，(that)+主语+had+动词的过去分词） I wish you had come to our Christmas party. 表将来 would, might, could＋动词原形 （从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生或存在） I wish that the rain could stop soon. 虚拟语气专项练习 1. Jack wishes that he _____ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studied B. had been studying C. study D. had studied 2. The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, _____ all practical value by the time they were finished. A. had lost B. would lose C. would have lost D. should have lost 3. It is essential that these application forms _____ back as early as possible. A. must be sent B. are sent C. will be sent D. be sent . It is important that the hotel receptionist _____ that guests are registered correctly. A. has made sure B. must make sure C. made sure D. make sure 5. It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline. A. must be sent B. be sent C. would be sent D. were sent 6. It’ s necessary _____ the dictionary immediately. A. that he will return B. that he return C. that he returned D. that he has to return 7. It is important that enough money _____ to fund the project. A. be collected B. was collected C. must be collected D. can be collected 8. I don’ t think it advisable that Tom _____ to the job since he has no experience. A. is assigned B. be assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned 9. The suggestion that the mayor _____ the prizes was accepted by everyone. A. would present B. present C. ought to present D. presents 10. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _____. A. be put off B. should put off C. was put off D. is to put off 11. You _____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. A. shouldn’ t have been following B. mustn’ t follow C. couldn’ t have been following D. shouldn’ t follow 12. The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same office. A. does not work B. had not worked C. not to work D. did not work 13. Wouldn’ t you rather your child _____ to bed early? A. go B. would go C. went D. goes 14. I’ d rather you _____ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A. don’ t B. didn’ t C. wouldn’ t D. shouldn’ t 15. Mike’ s uncle insists _____ in this hotel. A. staying not B. that he would not stay C. not to stay D. that he not stay 16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures ____ for our defense. A. had been taken B. be taken C. would be taken D. to be taken 17. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _____ after 11:00 p.m. A. not to play loud music B. don’ t play loud music C. shouldn’ t play loud music D. couldn’ t play loud music 18. We desire that the tour leader ____ us immediately of any change in plans. A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed 19. He suggested _____ to tomorrow’ s exhibition together. A. us to go B. we shall go C. we went D. we go 20. Sometimes I wish I _____ in a different time and a different place. A. be living B. would live C. were living D. would have lived 21. I wish I _____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. might have slept C. slept D. have slept 22. Jean doesn’ t want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____ a job she probably wouldn’ t be able to see her friends very often. A. has to get B. had got C. were to get D. could have got 23. If the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was not planned B. had not been planned C. has not been planned D. were not planned 24. Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams. A. must have got through B. would get through C. would have got through D. could get through 25. _____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive 26. _____ right now, she would get there on Sunday. A. Would she leave B. Were she to leave C. If she leaves D. If she had left 27. _____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A. Not being B. Without being C. Had it not been D. Not having been 28. _____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. A. Had it not been B. Weren’ t it C. It were not D. Had not it been 29. If it _____ too much trouble, I’ d love a cup of tea. A. isn’ t B. weren’ t C. wasn’ t D. hadn’ t been 30. If I hadn’ t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____ now. A. wouldn’ t be smiling B. won’ t smile C. couldn’ t have smiled D. didn’ t smile 31. We didn’ t know his telephone number; otherwise we _____ him. A. would have telephoned B. would telephone C. must have telephoned D. had telephoned 32. He must have had an accident, or he _____ then. A. would have been here B. should be here C. had to be here D. would be here 33. Some women ____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made 34. We _____ to start our own business, but we never had enough money. A. have hoped B. had hoped C. would hope D. should hope 35. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself. A. injure B. injured C. had injured D. would injure 36. "You are very selfish. It’ s high time you _______ that you are not the most important person in the world", Edgar said to his boss angrily. A. realized B. realize C. have realized D. should realize 37. It’ s already 5 o’ clock now. Don’ t you think it’ s about time _____ ? A. we are going home B. we went home C. we go home D. we can go home 38. If only the committee _____ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. A. approve B. can approve C. will approve D. would approve 39. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____ your advice. A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 40. I’ m sure he is up to the job ____ he would give his mind to it. A. if only B. in case C. until D. unless 虚拟语气历年高考题 1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 2. If my car ____ more reliable, I would have driven to Lasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be 3. We ____ the difficulty together, but why didn’ t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 4. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday. A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 5. Grace doesn’ t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ____ there, she wouldn’ t be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live 6. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 7. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’ t think we ____ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 8. _____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 9. --- Do you mind if I open the window? --- ____ I feel a bit cold. A. Of course not. B. I’ d rather you didn’ t. C. Go ahead. D. Why not? 10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’ t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 11. What would have happened ____, as far as the riverbank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 12. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 13. If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’ t suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 14. Without the air to hold some of the sun’ s heat, the earth at night ___ , too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 15. You didn’ t let me drive. If we ___ in turn, you ____ so tired. A. drove; didn’ t get B. drove; wouldn’ t get C. were driving; wouldn’ t get D. had driven; wouldn’ t have got 16. _____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 17. Jane’ s pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 18. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 19. ____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 20. The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have be D. had been 21. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day. A．rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining 22. They ___ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’ d never have been able to afford to go. A. had got B. got C. have got D. get 23. --- Don