高级中学英语人教出版必修五词汇资料表.doc

,. 第一单元单词： 1. characteristic特征;特性 n. 特有的，特色的 adj. character n.性格，品质；特性；角色； 　　2. radium镭n. 　　3.painter画家n. 4.put forward提出；提前 =come up with (a question/plan/proposal..) 　　5.scientific科学的adj. science n. 科学 　　6.conclude结束;推断出vt.&vi. conclusion结论;结束n. draw/reach/come to a conclusion 得出结论 9. analyse分析vt.→analysis n. 分析 base (n./v.) 基础；以…为基础→basis 基础 n. 　　10.infect传染;感染vt.→infectious传染的adj. 　　12.cholera霍乱n. 　　13.defeat打败;受挫;使战胜vt.失败n. 14.expert=specialist 专家;行家n. =experienced熟练的;经验或知识丰富的adj. be expert in 在....方面是内行的 15.attend照顾;护理;出席;参加vt. =(look after/take care of) 16.physician医生;内科医师n. 类似的还有music-musician 17.expose暴露;揭露;使曝光vt. expose…to使显露;暴露vt.→exposure n.暴露，曝光 　　19.deadly致命的adj. 20.cure治愈;痊愈n.治愈;治疗vt. cure sb of sth 某人治愈了(疾病…) 　　21.outbreak爆发;发作n.（区分短语break out） 　　22.challenge挑战n.向……挑战vt. 　　23.victim受害者n. 24. absorb吸收;吸引;使专心vt. sb be absorbed/buried in 专注于，沉迷于 25.suspect怀疑vt.被怀疑者;嫌疑犯n. 　　26.enquiry询问n. enquire v. 　　27.neighborhood附近;邻近n. 　　28.severe严重的;剧烈的;严厉的adj. 　　29.clue线索;提示n. 　　30.pump泵;抽水机n.(用泵)抽(水)vt. 　　31.Cambridge street剑桥大街 　　32.forese-forsaw-forseen 遇见，预知vt. 　　33.investigate调查vt.&vi.=look into investigation调查n. 35.blame责备;谴责vt.过失;责备n. △Sb/sth be to blame (for doing) 应当被责备 △take the blame for sth 为…承担责任 △blame sth on sb = lay the blame on sb for sth 因某事而责怪某人,把某事归咎于某人 　　36.pollute污染;弄脏vt. pollution n. 　　37.handle柄;把手n.处理;操纵vt. 　　38.germ微生物;细菌n. 　　39.link连接;联系n. 　　40.link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来 41.announce宣布;通告vt. →announcement 宣布；通告 n. make an ~作出声明 42.certainty确信;确实n. with certain 肯定地 certain adj. 确信的→certainly 确实是 adv. 43.instruct命令;指示;教导vt. instruction 命令;指示;教导 n. 44.responsible有责任的;负责的adj. responsibility 责任 n. 　　45.construct建设;修建vt. construction建设;建筑物n. 47.contribute捐献;贡献;捐助vt.&vi. contribution 捐献;贡献;捐助n. make a contribution/contriutions to 有利于，促进 　　48.apart from除……之外;此外 　　49.firework烟火(燃放)n. 　　50.chart图表n. 51.creative有创造力的;创造性的;独创的adj. create(v.)创造→creative(adj.)→creativity(n.)创造力 act(v.)行动→active(adj.)活跃的→activity(n.)活动 52.co-operative合作的adj. co-前缀 共同的 operate v. 　　53.positive积极的;肯定的;确实的adj. 　　54.be strict with...对……严格的 　　55.Nicolaus Copernicus尼古拉.哥白尼(波兰天文学家) 　　56.revolutionary革命的;重大变革的adj. 　　57.movement移动;运动;动作n. 　　58.make sense讲得通;有意义 　　59.backward向后的(地);相反的(地);退步的(地)adj.&adv. 　　60.loop圈;环n. 　　61.privately私下地;秘密地adv. privacy n. 隐私 　　62.spin(spun，spun)(使)旋转;纺(线或纱)vt.&vi. 　　63.brightness明亮;亮度;聪颖n. 64.enthusiastic热情的;热心的adj. enthusiasm n. 热情 　　65.cautious小心的;谨慎的adj. caution n.谨慎 　　66.reject拒绝;不接受;抛弃vt. 　　67.universe宇宙;世界n. universial adj.普遍的 John Snow defeats “king cholera” John Snow was a famous doctor in london-so expert, indeed,that he attended queen victora as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people (exposed to cholera). This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. 约翰 雪是伦敦的一位非常著名的医生,确实,他作为维多利亚女王的私人医生来照顾她,但是当他想到帮助暴露在霍乱王疾病下的普通人时,他变的很有灵感,在那时,这是一个致命 的疾病,不论他的感染方式还是治愈方法都无从知晓,所以每次爆发的时候都有数以千计的惊恐的人丧生.约翰 学想要面对这个挑战并且解决这个问题,他知道霍乱的起源如果无法找到,他将无法控制. He became insterested in two theories that poissibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victim. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their boddies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 他变的对可能解释霍乱如何杀人的两个学说感兴趣起来,第一个说明霍乱在空气中繁殖,一团危险的气体漂浮着直到找到他的感染者,第二个表明人们在吃饭时把疾病吸收入身体,这病毒从胃里很快的攻击身体并且很快导致感染者死亡. John snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquire. As the disease quickly spread through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 约翰 雪怀疑第二个学说是正确的但他需要证据,所以当其他的霍乱在1854年的伦敦爆发时,他已经完成了他询问的准备工作,当这个疾病很快传播到穷邻居时,他开始去收集信息,在两个特别的街道,霍乱的爆发特别严重以致于有五百多人在十天内死亡,他下定了找出原因的决心. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street. He also noticed that some houses had had no death. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations, he discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the punp. It seemed that the water was to blame. 首先他在地图上标出了死去的人曾经居住过的确切地点,这给了他一个有价值的关于疾病起源的线索,在宽街上,多死去的人的居住地邻近水泵.他也注意到了一些房子没有人死去,他没有对此深究,所以,他作了一个进一步的调查,他发现这些人们工作在剑桥七街的酒吧里,他们被给予了免费的啤酒所以不需要去喝水泵里的水,看起来,应该责备的是水. Next, John snow look into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river (polluted by the dirty water from London). He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Btreet to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwords the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. 接下来,约翰 雪调查这两条街的水的起源,他发现这水来自被伦敦来的污水污染过的河流,他立刻告诉宽街上惊恐的人们移开水泵的把手从而使他不能被使用,在这之后,很快这疾病就减缓了,他展示了霍乱是通过细菌来传播而不是一团气体. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the broad street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house everyday. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinkingthe water. With this extra evidence john snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. 在伦敦的其他部分,他发现其他两个与宽街爆发有关的死亡病例来作为支持证据,一个从宽街搬走的女子,非常喜欢从那个水泵里打出的水,以致于每天她都让那水送到她家供他饮用,在喝过水后,她和她的女儿都死去了,用这个额外的证据,约翰 雪有能力确定地宣布是被污染的水带来了病毒. To prevent this from happening again, JohnSnow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “king cholera”was defeated. 为了阻止霍乱的再次发生,约翰 雪建议所有的供水源头都应该被检查,卖水公司被命令不许再把人们暴露在污染的水之下,最终,”霍乱王”被击败了. 　　 第二单元单词： 1. unite联合;团结vi.&vt. united adj. 　　2kingdom王国n. 　　3consist组成;在于;一致vi. 　　4consist of由……组成 　　5London Heathrow Airport伦敦希尔罗机场 　　6province省;行政区n. 　　7River Avon埃文河 　　8River Thames泰晤士河 　　9River Severn塞文河 　　10divide... into把……分成 　　11Wales威尔士(英) 　　12Scotland苏格兰(英) 　　13Northern北爱尔兰(英) 　　14 clarify澄清;阐明vt. 15 accomplish完成;达到;实现vt. = achieve accomplishment = achievement n. 　　16 conflict矛盾;冲突n. 　　17unwilling不愿意(的);不乐意(的)adj. 　　18break away(from)挣脱(束缚);脱离 　　19union联合;联盟;结合;协会n. 　　20the Union Jack英国国旗 21credit信任;学分;赞扬;信贷n. Uncreditable 不可置信的 　　22to ones credit为……带来荣誉;值得赞扬;在……名下 23currency货币;通货n. current adj. 现在的；水流 n. 　　24institution制度;机制;公共机构n. 　　25 educational教育的adj. 26 convenience便利;方便n. convenient adj. 便利的 inconvenient adj.不便利的 　　27rough粗糙的;粗暴的adj. 　　28roughly粗略地;粗糙地adv. 　　29Midlands英格兰中部地区 　　30 nationwide全国性的;全国范围的adj. 31attract吸引;引起注意vt. –ive adj. –ion n. 　　32historical历史(上)的;有关历史的adj. 　　33architecture建筑学;建筑艺术n. 　　34Roman(古)罗马人n.(古)罗马的adj. 　　35 collection收藏品;珍藏;收集n. 36 administration管理;行政部门n. 　　37 port港口(城市)n. 　　38 Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁—撒克逊人n.盎格鲁—撒克逊人的adj. 　　39 Norman诺曼人;诺曼语n.诺曼的;诺曼人(语)的adj. 　　40Viking北欧海盗;斯堪的纳维亚人n. 　　41countryside乡下;农村n. 　　42enjoyable令人愉快的;使人高兴的adj. 　　43leave out省去;遗漏;不考虑 　　44opportunity机会;时机n. 　　45description描写;描述n. describe v. 描述 　　46furnished配备好装备的;带家具的adj. 　　47fax传真(机)n.用传真传输(文件)vt. 　　48possibility可能(性)n. 　　49plus加上;和perp.加的;正的;零上的adj. 　　50quarrel争吵;争论;吵架n.争吵;吵架vi. 　　51alike相同的;类似的adj. 52 take the place of代替=replace =take one’s place 　　53 break down(机器)损坏;破坏 　　54 arrange筹备;安排;整理vt. arrangement n. 　　55wedding婚礼n. 　　56 fold折叠;对折vt. unfold vt. 打开 　　57sightseeing观光;游览n. 58delight快乐;高兴;喜悦n.使高兴;使欣喜vt. Delightful adj. 令人愉悦的（修饰物） Delighted adj. 开心的(修饰人) delightedly adv. 　　59royal王室的;皇家的;高贵的adj. 　　60uniform制服n. uni-表示”one” 　　61 St Pauls Cathedral圣保罗大教堂 　　62 splendid壮丽的;辉煌的;极好的adj. 　　63 Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特大教堂(英国名人墓地) 　　64 statue塑像;雕像n. 　　65Buckingham palace白金汉宫 　　66Greenwich格林尼治(英城市)n. 　　67longitude经线;经度n. 68 imaginary想象中的;假象的;虚构的adj. Imagine v. 想象 　　69 navigation导航;航行n. 70 Highgate Cemetery海格特墓地 (英伦敦北郊，内有马克思及其家人的坟墓) 　　71communism共产主义n. 　　72 original最初的;原始的;独创的;新颖的adj. 73thrill 使激动;使胆战心惊vt. thriller 惊悚片 n. 　　74 pot罐;壶n. 　　75 error错误;过失;谬误n. 　　76 tense时态n. adj. 紧张的 　　77 consistent一致的adj. consistency n. The United Kingdom 　　People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. 　　First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. 　　To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! 　　England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. 　　The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food. 　　If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. 　　课文翻译 　　人们也许想知道为什么不同的词汇被用来描述这四个国家:英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰。你可以澄清这个问题如果你学习了英国历史。 　　首先是英格兰。威尔士与它在十三世纪。现在,当人们把英格兰威尔士也包含你找到。下一个英格兰和威尔士与苏格兰在十七世纪和名字改为“大不列颠”。开心的是,这个是不冲突的情况下完成苏格兰国王詹姆斯成为英国国王和威尔士一样。最后,英国政府试图在二十世纪早期,组成了联合王国,通过让爱尔兰在同一个和平的方式连接。然而,爱尔兰南部不愿意和脱离形成自己的政府。所以只有北爱尔兰加入与英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰成为英国,这是向世界展示一个新的标志——联邦杰克。 　　为了他们的信用合作的四个国家在某些领域(如货币和国际关系),但他们仍有非常不同的机构。例如,北爱尔兰,英格兰和苏格兰有不同的教育和法律系统以及不同的足球队在世界杯的比赛如! 　　英格兰是最大的四个国家,为了方便起见是大致分为3个区域。欧元区最近的法国称为英格兰的南部,中间区域被称为中部和一个苏格兰最近被称为北。你发现大部分人口定居在南方,但大部分的工业城市在中部和北部的英格兰。虽然,全国范围内,这些城市的规模比不上那些在中国,他们有举世闻名的足球队,他们中的一些人甚至有两个!可惜的是,工业城市始建于十九世纪不吸引游客。对历史建筑你必须去老但小城镇罗马人修建的。在这里,你会找到更多关于英国历史和文化。 　　最伟大的历史宝藏的是伦敦的博物馆、艺术收藏、剧院、公园和建筑物。这是该中心的国家政府及其管理。它拥有最古老的港口罗马人建造在公元一世纪,最古老的建筑开始了盎格鲁在1060年代和最古老的城堡建造的后1066年诺曼统治者。已经有四套入侵者的英格兰。第一个侵略者,罗马人,离开了他们的城镇和道路。第二,盎格鲁,离开了他们的语言和他们的政府。第三,维京,影响了词汇和地名的英格兰北部,而第四,诺曼人,离开城堡,并引入了新的单词为食物。 　　如果你看看周围的英国乡村,你会发现所有这些侵略者的证据。你必须睁大眼睛,如果你想要使你的英国之旅愉快的和有价值的。 　　第三单元单词： 　　1aspect方面;层面n. 　　2impression印象;感想;印记n. 　　3take up拿起;接受;开始;继续 ~ doing 　　4constant时常发生的;连续不断的adj. 　　5constantly不断地adv. 　　6jet喷气式飞机n. 　　7jet lag飞行时差反应 　　8flashback闪回;倒叙n. 9previous在前的;早先的adj. pre- 在…前（fore-） Previously adv. 　　10 uncertain不确切的;无把握的adj. 11 guide指导;向导;导游n.指引;指导vt. guidance n.指导 　　12 tablet药片n. 　　13 expertise专家意见;专门知识(技能等)n. 　　14 capsule太空舱;胶囊n. 　　15 steward乘务员;服务员n. 16stewardess女乘务员n. waiter–waitress女服务生 　　17opening(出入的)通道;开口;开端n. 　　18 sideways往(向、从)一侧;侧着;一面朝前adv. 19 surrounding adj.周围的 surroundings 事物;环境n. 20 tolerate容忍;忍受vt. =stand/bear/put up with tolerant 包容的 adj. tolerance n. be tolerant of 对…宽容 21combination结合;组合n. combine v. connect/combine A with B 和AB联合起来 22 lack缺乏;没有vt.&vi.缺乏;后可接for/in 短缺的东西n.后接of lacking adj. 匮乏的；不足的 be lacking in 缺乏 lack sth.=lack for/in sth.=be lacking in 缺少…. 　　23 adjustment调整;调节n. 　　24 mask面具;面罩;伪装n. 　　25 be back on ones feet(困境后)恢复;完全复原 　　26 hover盘旋vi. 　　27 carriage运输工具;四轮马车;客车n. 　　28 press按;压;逼迫vt.&vi.按;压;印刷;新闻n. 　　29 fasten系牢;扎牢vt. 　　30 belt腰带;皮带n. 　　31 safety belt安全带 　　32 lose sight of...看不见…… 　　33 sweep up打扫;横扫 speed up 加速 　　34flash(使)闪光;(使)闪现vt.&vi. 　　35 switch开关;转换n.转换vt. 　　36 timetable时间表;时刻表n. 37 exhausted筋疲力尽的;疲倦不堪的adj. Exhaust v….→exhaustion n. 　　38 slide into(快捷而悄声地)移动;溜进…… 39 optimistic乐观(主义)的adj. Optimism n. 　　40 pessimistic悲观(主义)的adj. 　　41 speed up加速 slow down 减速 　　42 pedal踏板;脚蹬n. 43 alien外星人;外国人n.陌生的; 外国的;外星球的adj. 　　44 mud泥(浆)n. muddy adj.有泥的 　　45 desert沙漠;荒原n. v. 舍弃 　　46 enormous巨大的;庞大的adj. 　　47 imitate模仿;仿造vt. imitation n. 　　48 moveable可移动的;活动的adj. 　　49citizen公民;居民;市民n. 　　50 typist打字员n. 　　51 typewriter打字机n. 　　52 postage邮资n. 　　53 postcode邮政编码n. 　　54 button纽扣,按钮n. 　　55 instant